The Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Adventitious Roots of Sedum wrightii (Crassulaceae)

Several studies have supported the idea that anthocyanin accumulation may be a possible protection mechanism in plants against DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV). This study explored the accumulation of anthocyanins in the adventitious root tips of Sedum wrightii using the following treatments: UVA, UVA+low UVB, and UVA+high UVB. Following exposure to UV radiation, samples were analyzed for anthocyanin accumulation using an ethanol extraction procedure. Using ELISA, additional root samples were analyzed for indicators of DNA damage: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone dimers (6-4 PPs). The anthocyanin concentrations were significantly higher in the UVA + high UVB treatment than the other groups. The ELISA resultsshowed that a difference occurred between the control and the treatments of UVA, UVA+low UVB and UVA+high UVB for CPDs and between the control and the UVB treatments for 6-4 PPs. Anthocyanins accumulated with increased UV exposure. However, additional research is needed to determine the significance of anthocyanins in the adventitious root tips of S. wrightii

Effectiveness of tPA at reducing amputations in patients with severe frostbite

Objective: To determine the efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy in reducing the number of limb and digit amputations in patients with severe frostbite. Introduction: Current treatment regimens for frostbite consist mainly of rapid rewarming measures and wound care. This regimen is unfortunately many times not sufficient in cases of severe frostbite and frequently leads to delayed amputations. Methods: A search was conducted in Pubmed using the terms Frostbite [Mesh]) AND Tissue Plasminogen Activator [Mesh]. Articles were chosen based on relevancy to the research question and having a publication date after 2005. Case reports were excluded. Results: All three studies reported a decrease in incidence of amputation from severe frostbite in those who received tPA. When combining the results among the studies, the total number of at-risk digits was 259 when looking at the patients who received tPA. Of those 259 digits, 189 were salvaged after tPA use, leading to an overall salvage rate of 73%. Conclusion: TPA therapy shows potential as a new and promising treatment of severe frostbite for a specific subset of patients. If specific measures are met, the benefits seem to outweigh the risks. That being said, further studies are warranted to solidify these results and prove efficacy

Globalisation, neo-liberalism and vocational learning: the case of English further education colleges

Further education (FE) has traditionally been a rather unspectacular activity. Lacking the visibility of schools or the prestige of universities, for the vast majority of its existence FE has had a relatively low profile on the margins of English education. Over recent years this situation has altered significantly and further education has undergone profound change. This paper argues that a combination of related factors – neo-liberalism, globalisation, and dominant discourses of the knowledge economy – has acted in synergy to transform FE into a highly performative and marketised sector. Against this backdrop, further education has been assigned a particular role based upon certain narrow and instrumental understandings of skill, employment and economic competitiveness. The paper argues that, although it has always been predominantly working class in nature, FE is now, more than ever, positioned firmly at the lower end of the institutional hierarchy in the highly class-stratified terrain of English education

Elements for Conventional War—Land, Sea, Air and Space

Conventional war in one medium or environment is not much different from that in another. The tools vary, but the work is the same

An evaluation of the readability of four health series

The purpose of this study was to evaluate four health series by computing readability scores and the reinforcement of new vocabulary words. The readability scores were calculated using the Harris-Jacobson readability formula. The new vocabulary words introduced in the series were listed on the Worksheet for Analysis of Instructional Materials Beyond Readability Scales (Schindler, 1980). The reinforcements of the new vocabulary words were checked on the Schindler worksheet. From these instruments of comprehensive evaluation, half of the textbooks were seen as being written at a readability level that differed from the publisher\u27s estimated grade level. Only one of the texts in the four health series reinforced adequately the new vocabulary words listed in the introductory lessons. These findings point to the need for publishers as well as teachers to pay attention to the language of health texts due to the impact which textbooks have upon the health curriculum

Whole leaf photosynthetic light response in a carnivorous plant species Sarracenia alata

Photosynthetic light-response curves of mature leaves of Sarracenia alata were generated and characterized using a custom built chamber (2.79 L) capable of accommodating whole leaves, or pitchers, coupled to a LI-COR 6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System. In addition to generating light-response curves, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and dry mass measurements were obtained for each pitcher. Gas-exchange variables from the light-response curves are reported on a leaf area and dry mass basis. Calculated light-saturated photosynthesis was found to be 2.09 µmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 with a light-saturation point of 315.14 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1, light-compensation point of 40.25 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1, dark respiration rate of -0.57 µmol(CO2) m-2 s-1, and apparent quantum efficiency of 0.033. The use of a large custom built chamber proved to be successful and the data presented indicate that adequate mixing and sampling was achieved. This study is the first to document photosynthetic response of S. alta. The data from this study indicate that S. alata collected from our study site photosynthetically performed like that of a shade-adapted C3 plant and the measurements were consistent with those published for other species of Sarracenia

Steve Martin

Steve Martin was born in California in 1966. He moved to Caldwell for high school. He self-identifies as a gay man and came out twice, at ages 23 and 26. In the mid- to late-1990s, Martin became involved in LGBTQ activities and organizations. Preferring the word advocate over activist, he was part of The Community Center, and Your Family, Friends and Neighbors. He discusses plays and activities of Spontaneous Productions, a gay community theatre group. He works for the Pride Foundation.https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/idlgbtq_oral_histories/1025/thumbnail.jp

Mutual Aid and Autonomy: Opportunities and Constraints for Eugene’s Food System

52 pagesMcMichael argues that we currently exist in the third food regime. One marked by capitalism, corporate control and increasingly extreme externalities impacting humans and the environment (Robbins, 2015). Colonialism and capitalism have shifted once local and autonomous food systems to a globalized and industrialized one characterized by extreme distancing and lack of autonomy for individuals and communities (Robbins, 2015). According to Robbins (2015), this third food regime “has many long-term social implications, such as displacement and dispossession, dietary changes, and a widening gap between producers and consumers” as well as catastrophic environmental impacts such as “biodiversity loss, soil depletion, deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions” (p. 449). This is an example of Marx’s theory of metabolic rift, the “separation between humans and nature” under capitalism, creating ecological decline (Robbins, 2015, p. 452). In the Willamette Valley and across the globe, one of the most obvious effects of the current food regime is high rates of food insecurity. Lane County in Oregon, where the City of Eugene resides, has comparatively high rates of food insecurity. In 2017, 12.9 percent of Oregon was food insecure, and 14.6 percent of Lane County was food insecure. In the same year, 18.9 percent of Oregon’s children were food insecure, and 20.2 percent of Lane County’s children were food insecure (“2019 Status of Hunger,” 2019). In Lane County, minority populations are over two times more food insecure than white populations. The white population in 2017 reported 12.2 percent food insecurity, Asian and Pacific Islander populations reported 14.4 percent food insecurity, Black populations reported 28.1 percent food insecurity, Hispanic populations reported 28.8 percent food insecurity, and Native American populations reported 31 percent food insecurity (“2019 Status of Hunger,” 2019). Food Sovereignty is one counter movement to the capitalist and corporate food regime. Food Sovereignty radically reimagines the food system and outlines a “desired system of agricultural production, distribution, consumption and social relations” that is local and equitable food systems (Robbins, 2015, p. 452). Localization is often a central element of food sovereignty because it acts in resistance to the distancing caused by industrialization and globalization (Robbins, 2015). However, it raises questions about who these counter food movements are serving, and whether intentions are being actualized. Robbins (2015) raises the question: “Can local food systems adequately feed those living in poverty and low-income situations, those who cannot afford to pay premium prices for local, ecologically produced food products?” (p. 450). I argue that this is where mutual aid and nonprofit organizing steps in to fill the visible gap between the illusion of food sovereignty for a community and the real rates of food insecurity experienced by unhoused, low income and minority populations. However, grassroots organizing has its limitations for creating true autonomy, sovereignty, and systemic change. My thesis outlines food insecurity as a result of the current corporate food regime and determines how successful mutual aid and nonprofit organizing is at creating individual and community autonomy as a way of working towards food sovereignty for marginalized populations. This research aims to answer the questions: How does the process of mutual aid shape the experience of autonomy in the Eugene food system? What forms of mutual aid currently exist in Eugene? To what extent is there autonomy in Eugene’s food system? In what ways do policy and other factors structure mutual aid and autonomy in Eugene’s food system

The arenga in the literature of medieval Spain

The military harangue, known in Spanish as the arenga, enables a commander to motivate his men before combat and can be found from ancient times to present in historical and literary descriptions of battles. "The Arenga in the Literature of Medieval Spain" examines the characteristics and role of the military harangue in Spain's literary texts from a variety of perspectives: rhetorical appeals, themes, effectiveness, eloquence, structure, and similarities with other medieval rhetorical arts. The study first defines what constitutes an arenga and identifies its place within rhetoric (I. Defining the Harangue: The Arenga in Rhetoric). It then looks at harangues originating from Antiquity, examining Virgil's examples and those found in a medieval Spanish translation of Thucydides (II. Harangues from Classical Texts). Finally, it studies examples found in Spanish poetry and prose, dedicating two chapters to the most important harangues written in Spain during the Middle Ages (III. Thirteenth-Century Spanish Literary Arengas; IV. Fifteenth-Century Spanish Literary Arengas). The concluding chapter (V. Conclusion) is followed by an Appendix containing the full text of each harangue, a Works Cited, and a Selected Bibliography for further research