Evidence-Based Solution-Focused Care for School-Age Children Experiencing Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is a global phenomenon. The experiences of bullied children are the same across cultures and languages, and psychiatric nursing interventions are known to be effective. It is critical to widely disseminate effective interventions to identify and address cyberbullying. Therefore, evidence-based care plans addressing cyberbullying at the individual and community levels were developed using the Omaha System, a terminology that is used internationally to guide and document care. This article presents a case study in which an evidence-based intervention was used to help a bullied child arrive at a solution, and demonstrates the use of the Omaha System to document evidence-based cyberbullying interventions with individuals and communities

En kvalitativ studie om forholdet mellom unge muslimers tro og fremstillingen som gis i religion- og etikkfagets lærebøker i den videregående skolen

Denne oppgaven har hatt som tema å undersøke hvordan forholdet er mellom unge muslimers tro og lærebøkenes framstilling av islam, og hva muslimske ungdommer mener om det som står skrevet om deres tro i lærebøkene i den videregående skolen. Hensikten med oppgaven er å bidra til økt kunnskap om hvordan muslimske ungdommer selv forstår og uttrykker sin tro. Mitt prosjekt har fokusert på islam og hva som skjer når lærebøkene møter troen til shia-muslimske ungdommer. Jeg har arbeidet med utgangspunkt i følgende problemstilling: Hvordan er forholdet mellom lærebøkenes og unge muslimers framstilling av tro, og hva mener unge muslimer om det som står skrevet om deres tro i religion- og etikkfagets lærebøker i den videregående skole? Det bærende teoriperspektivet i oppgaven er den fortolkende religionspedagogikken som er utviklet av Robert Jackson ved the University of Warwick hvor refleksjon over religion knyttes til individnivå så vel som gruppenivå og tradisjonsnivå. For å finne svar på problemstillingen valgte jeg å benytte meg av kvalitativ metode, nærmere bestemt lærebokanalyse og fokusgruppeintervju med unge muslimer. Studiens hovedfunn er knyttet til at ungdommene følte at det ikke gis en balansert framstilling, men at sunni-islam gis mer oppmerksomhet i lærebøkene. Ungdommene problematiserte også billedbruk og oppslag som kan virke stigmatiserende fordi det blir fokusert på praksiser som ungdommene ikke opplever som representative. Et annet interessant funn var at informantene beskrev hvordan de kunne bruke ulike innganger til samtalen om islam, og at den endres ut i fra hvilken kontekst og agenda som ligger til grunn for samtalen. I følge noen av mine informanter var det en forskjell i det å snakke med ikke-muslimer og muslimer om tro. Hvis man snakket med ikke-muslimer var det på et mer generelt nivå. Kvinneaspektet i religionen var også noe de viste engasjement for, og flere av informantene mente at kvinnesynet med fordel kunne fått en noe mer nyansert framstilling i lærebøkene.

I feel I mean something to someone: solution-focused brief therapy support groups for bullied schoolchildren

The aim of this study was to investigate how bullied schoolchildren experience solution-focused brief therapy support groups, and to examine how members of the support group experience their participation in the group. An explorative qualitative design, with individual and focus group interviews, was used. The sample consisted of 19 schoolchildren, aged 12–13 years, three of whom were bullied. Six individual interviews were conducted with the bullied children and three focus group interviews were held with the support groups. The bullied children reported that the bullying stopped after they received help from the support group and the improvements remained after three months. Their daily lives at school changed and they felt safer and happier and made friends. Members of the support groups reported that they were doing a meaningful job in helping the victims. It is important that school nurses, educational psychologists and teachers, together with parents, follow up bullied children, to prevent further bullyin

Arter og benzimidazol resistens profiler av mage-tarm rundormer hos sau i Norge

Mage-tarm parasitter kan forårsake sykdom og produksjonstap hos sau. I tillegg har de stor betydning for dyrevelferden. Overlevelse av disse parasittene i miljøet avhenger av flere faktorer, der spesielt temperatur og fuktighet har stor betydning. Klimaendringer vil derfor ha stor effekt på forekomst og utbredelse. I tillegg er en høy behandlingsfrekvens med parasittmidler forbundet med økt risiko for utvikling av resistens. En av de mest patogene artene er den blodsugende løpeormen Haemonchus contortus. I tillegg til å være en av de mest studerte rundormene, har H. contortus også ofte blitt brukt som modell-parasitt i forskning innen anthelmintika og resistens, på grunn av sine genomiske egenskaper. Ved en spørreundersøkelse gjennomført blant saueprodusenter ble det tydelig at forebyggende behandling mot mage-tarm parasitter er vanlig praksis i Norge. Diagnostikk av mage-tarm parasitter ble sjelden utført. De fleste produsentene så likevel på veterinæren som den viktigste kilden til informasjon og veiledning knyttet til mage-tarm parasitter. Videre oppga de fleste produsentene (90%) at de ikke mistenkte resistens mot parasittmidler i egen flokk. Vår undersøkelse av forekomst av resistens viser en annen side. Ved et tilfeldig utvalg av saueflokker spredt rundt i landet, og ved bruk av molekylære metoder for vurdering av anthelmintika resistens, fant vi at benzimidazol (BZ)-resistente gener hos H. contortus var til stede i 2/3 av de prøvetatte flokkene. Hvorvidt dette fører til redusert behandlingseffekt, må utredes nærmere. I tillegg viste screening for påvisning av DNA fra ulike rundorm at H. contortus hadde en utbredt forekomst, særlig på Vestlandet og Østlandet. Videre ble DNA fra Teladorsagia circumcincta påvist i de fleste flokker (94%), mens DNA fra Trichostrongylus arter ble observert i rundt halvparten. Utbredt forekomst av Nematodirus arter ble funnet ved hjelp av direkte mikroskopi av avføring, hvorav hovedsakelig N. battus ble identifisert.Gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) can cause disease and production losses in sheep. In addition, they have an important impact on animal welfare. Survival of these parasites in the environment depends on several factors, where temperature and humidity, in particular, are of great importance. Climate change will therefore have a huge effect on the occurrence and distribution of GIN. Treatment by high-frequency drenching of livestock used to control these parasites can select for anthelmintic resistance (AR). One of the most pathogenic species of GIN is the bloodsucking nematode Haemonchus contortus, which inhabits the abomasum of infected sheep. In addition to being one of the most frequently studied nematodes, H. contortus has also been widely used as a model parasite in research related to drug discovery and AR, due to its genomic characteristics. From a questionnaire survey among sheep farmers, it became evident that a prophylactic treatment regime against GIN is common practice in Norway. Diagnostics for GIN were rarely performed. The majority of farmers perceived veterinarians as the most important source of information and guidance related to GIN. Furthermore, most farmers (90%) stated that they didn’t suspect AR in their own flocks. However, our investigation of AR tells a different story. From a random selection of sheep flocks scattered around the country and utilizing molecular tools for assessment of AR, we found benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant H. contortus to be present in 2/3 of the sampled flocks. Whether this leads to treatment failure should be investigated further. In addition, molecular screening of different nematode genera revealed a widespread occurrence of H. contortus, especially in western and eastern regions. With DNA from Teladorsagia circumcincta detected in samples from most flocks (94%), and DNA from Trichostrongylus spp. observed in about half of them. A widespread occurrence of Nematodirus spp. was found by using direct microscopy of faeces, among which N. battus predominated.Animali

Classifying Users in a Norwegian Twitter Network Using Network Structure and Text Analysis

The goal of this thesis is to understand the network structure of a constructed network of Twitter data in Norwegian about Covid-19. The network was constructed by using the users as nodes and retweets as the links between them. In the thesis I propose a method for classifying the users in the network. The method is based on previous work done by my supervisor prof. Dag Elgesem and label propagation. The method uses both network analysis and text analysis to try to identify communties in the constructed network and also to verify the findings.Masteroppgave i informasjonsvitenskapINFO390MASV-INF

Change in performance of gait related physical tests with application of an orthotic solution in children with GMFCS level I or II and hemiplegia – an explorative study

Bakgrunn: Ankel - fotortoser (AFO) og “functional electrical stimulation” (FES) er ortoser som ofte blir tilpas-set barn med spastisk hemiplegi for å forbedre gangen. Barns daglige aktiviteter består for øvrig av flere bevegelser enn kun gange på flatt underlag, og få studier har sett på effekten av ortosen på prestasjon i slike aktiviteter, som er viktige for deltakelse med normalt utviklende (TD) jevnaldrende. Mål: Hovedmålet er å se hvordan bruken av ortose påvirker prestasjon i forskjellige fysiske tester som in-kluderer bevegelser typisk representert i barns daglige aktiviteter. Vi ønsker også å undersøke om bruken av ortose påvirker ubehag under utførelse av de fysiske testene. Metode: 16 deltakere, alder 6 – 13 år, som bruker ortose på daglig basis (9 AFO, 7 FES), ble rekruttert. De var diagnostisert med spastisk hemiplegi og hadde nivå I eller II på “Gross Motor Function Classification Sys-tem“ (GMFCS). Deltakerne ble instruert til å utføre åtte forskjellige fysiske tester, inkludert gange i selvvalgt hastighet og maks ganghastighet, løping, løping med raske vendinger, hopping, forflytning fra gulv og fra stol, og gange i trapp. Hver deltaker utførte testene to ganger, én gang med ortosen og én gang uten, i ran-domisert rekkefølge. Ubehag under gjennomføring av testene ble rapportert i form av “Face Pain Scale” (FPS). For å undersøke effekten av ortoseløsningen, gjennomførte vi en paret t-test på prestasjon med og uten ortose for AFO- og FES-brukere som en kombinert gruppe og også som separerte grupper. Resultater: FES-brukere hadde en statistisk signifikant redusert prestasjon i “1 minute walk test” (p=0.013) med bruk av FES. Det var også en signifikant reduksjon i prestasjon for kombinert gruppe i “10x5m shuttle run” (0=0.029) med bruk av ortose. En statistisk trend i redusert prestasjon ble vist i “timed up and go” (0.069) og “broad jump” (p=0.06) for kombinert gruppe med bruk av ortose, og i “10x5m shutte run” (p=0.054) for AFO-brukere separert. Konklusjon: Fra våre resultater er det ingen indikasjon på at AFO eller FES forbedrer prestasjon i gangrela-terte fysiske tester for barn med GMFCS nivå I eller II. Det ser ut som det er en liten reduksjon i prestasjon i noen tester, men sannsynligvis av liten klinisk betydning. Dette ekskluderer ikke muligheten for individuelle forbedringer eller forbedringer i andre ICF-domener med bruk av ortose, for eksempel for å redusere energi-forbruk.Background: Ankle foot orthosis (AFO) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) are commonly used or-thoses for improving gait in children with spastic hemiplegia. However, children’s daily activities include movements beyond gait on even ground, and few studies have examined the effect of the orthosis on the performance of such activities which are important for participation with typical developing (TD) peers. Aim: The main aim is to see how the use of orthosis affects performance of different physical tests including movements typically represented in children’s daily activities. We would also like to investigate if the use of orthosis affects discomfort while performing the physical tests. Method: 16 participants, age 6 – 13 years, using an orthosis on regular basis (9 AFO, 7 FES) were recruited. They were diagnosed with spastic hemiplegia and had level I or II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Participants were instructed to perform eight different physical tests, including walking in self-selected speed and maximum speed, running, running with sudden change of direction, jumping, transi-tion from floor and chair, and walking in stairs. Each participant conducted the tests twice, once with their orthosis and once without, in randomized order. Discomfort while performing the tests was reported in form of “Face Pain Scale” (FPS). To investigate the effect of the orthotic solutions, we conducted a paired t-test on the performance with and without the orthoses for AFO and FES users as a combined group and also separate groups. Results: FES users decreased performance in “1 minute walk test” when wearing FES (p=0.013). There was also a significant decrease in performance for the combined groups in “10x5 meter shuttle run” with the use of the orthosis (p=0.029). A statistical trend of decreased performance was shown in “timed up and go” (p=0.069), and “broad jump” (p=0.06) for the combined groups with the use of the orthosis, and in “10x5 meter shuttle run” for AFO users separately (p=0.054). Conclusion: From our results, there is no indication that AFO or FES improves performance of gait related physical tests in children with GMFCS level I or II. There seems to be a small decrease in performance in some tests, but likely of minor clinical importance. This does not exclude the possibility for individual improvements nor improvements in other ICF domains with the use of orthosis, for example to reduce energy expenditure

Offshore Electrification - An overview of technologies, risks and costs associated to the Norwegian Continental Shelf

The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly because of burning fossil fuels. To reduce future emissions, the electrification of offshore oil and gas installations is discussed. The electrification of offshore oil and gas platforms is a method that has the possibility to safely reduce CO2 emissions, that would have been emitted into the atmosphere if the traditional gas turbines are used to power the platforms. Different methods used to reduce CO2 emissions have been a topic of discussion for many years. Leading the way for offshore electrification is the growing interest in green energy and the environment, along with the goal to reach net-zero by 2050. Through the case study, it is shown that offshore electrification with power from shore of the Norwegian Continental Shelf is highly possible and necessary for Norway as a country, with respect to reducing CO2 emissions and extending the lifetime of the petroleum industry, and strengthening Norwegian economy. When replacing gas turbines and generators with power from shore to power offshore platforms, it is shown that full electrification has the potential to reduce 100% of the annual CO2 emissions. Part electrification has the potential to reduce 51% of the emissions. Electrification of offshore platforms will contribute to a greener petroleum production compared to today’s production. As only 50% of the available petroleum resources on the Norwegian Continental Shelf remain, it is estimated that petroleum production can continue for many years. The decrease in future CO2 emissions as a result of offshore electrification will secure Norwegian finance, but not yet alone it will secure many workers. However, it needs to be mentioned that the offshore electrification aspect of the petroleum industry is promising when looking at both reducing climate change and the Norwegian economy. Without a doubt, more research is needed on the topic to be able to get a clear picture of the risks and costs compared with the positive aspect of reducing future CO2 emissions by electrification of offshore platforms

Augmented Reality and Object Tracking for Mobile Devices

In Augmented Reality, computer generated information can assist the userwith 'invisible' information about real world objects. In this thesis, thepossibilities for Augmented Reality on mobile devices will be investigated,and Object Tracking is identied as a vital functionality. In the existing so-lutions, position- and orientation-based tracking is most common, however,this project will approach vision-based tracking, which is a wide researcharea in the eld of Computer Vision.The chosen object tracker, is the prize-awarded algorithm TLD, which together with the recently released FastCVlibrary, makes up the functionality in the nal presented application. Theapplication is tested with regard to memory and processing time, and it is observed from the experiments, that the Detector module in TLD domi-nates the processing time. Nonetheless, the nal Object Tracker performsas intended and decent frame rates is obtained by reducing the size of thecamera image frame.For further work, the processing time could be reduced even more, possiblyby making a longer interval between each run with the detector module.Also the possibility to save object models and use them later on should beexplored. This would be useful in an Augmented Reality application, wherethe objects usually is predetermined

Tn916/Tn1545 family in oral streptococci, a literature review from 1992 til 2017

In the current study an account of all published articles in the last 25 years about Tn916/Tn1545 like elements with clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in oral streptococci, was reviewed. The following search words were used: Tn916 and resistance and oral streptococci and mobile genetic elements. Results: A total of eleven articles were retrieved. Three of them were excluded because they were literature studies or because of no access to them. The included articles were one from 2016, one from 2015, one from 2012, one from 2011, one from 2007, one from 2001, one from 1992 and one from 1984

Diesel Engine Response Improvements using Hybrid Turbocharging

Turbochargers are commonly used with internal combustion engines due to improvements in power and efficiency and reduced emissions over naturally aspirated engines. A central problem of turbocharged engines poor transient performance characterized by turbo-lag. While the engine itself may respond quickly to load and speed changes the delays associated with the inertias of turbocharger systems make the system as a whole respond accordingly. In this thesis potential response improvements by use of an electrically assisted turbocharger, or hybrid turbocharger, were presented in simulations. Response improvements of 10-50 % were shown for various transients and degrees of assistance. A design proposal for the implementation of the system is also presented. The results could form a basis for implementing a hybrid turbocharger on an engine in the lab in further work