Cooling a Mechanical Resonator with a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Ensemble Using a Room Temperature Excited State Spin-Strain Interaction

We propose a protocol to dissipatively cool a room temperature mechanical resonator using a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensemble. The spin ensemble is coupled to the resonator through its orbitally-averaged excited state, which has a spin-strain interaction that has not been previously characterized. We experimentally demonstrate that the spin-strain coupling in the excited state is $13.5\pm0.5$ times stronger than the ground state spin-strain coupling. We then theoretically show that this interaction combined with a high-density spin ensemble enables the cooling of a mechanical resonator from room temperature to a fraction of its thermal phonon occupancy.Comment: Main text is 11 pages in preprint formatting, with 4 figures. Also included is 17 pages of supporting information including 7 supporting figure

SUPERMARKET PATRONAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER COUNTS AMONG OUTLETS WITHIN A GEOGRAPHIC AREA

As new supermarket management tools are introduced, the need for an improved understanding of store patronage is growing. Weekly customer counts for five supermarkets located in a Southeastern metropolitan area covering 261 weeks are analyzed. Descriptive statistics indicate that food shopper patterns vary by outlet. Regression equations are estimated for each location. Results point to store specific relationships. They indicate that evaluation of television and radio ads and double couponing can be quite involved.Consumer/Household Economics,

LOCATION AND OTHER MARKET ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING FARMER'S MARKET PATRONAGE: THE CASE OF TENNESSEE

Consumer/Household Economics,

Identifying sources of error in cross-national questionnaires: Application of an error source typology to cognitive interview data

This article evaluates a Cross National Error Source Typology that was developed as a tool for making cross-national questionnaire design more effective. Cross-national questionnaire design has a number of potential error sources that are either not present or are less common in single nation studies. Tools that help to identify these error sources better inform the survey researcher when improving a source questionnaire that serves as the basis for translation. This article outlines the theoretical and practical development of the typology and evaluates an attempt to apply it to cross-national cognitive interviewing findings from the European Social Survey

ITOS VHRR on-board data compression study

Data compression methods for ITOS VHRR data were studied for a tape recorder record-and playback application. A playback period of 9 minutes was assumed with a nominal 18 minute record period for a 2-to-1 compression ratio. Both analog and digital methods were considered with the conclusion that digital methods should be used. Two system designs were prepared. One is a PCM system and the other is an entropy-coded predictive-quantization, sometimes called entropy-coded DPCM or just DPCM, system. Both systems use data management principles to transmit only the necessary data. Both systems use a medium capacity standard tape recorder from specifications provided by the technical officer. The 10 to the 9th power bit capacity of the recorder is the basic limitation on the compression ratio. Both systems achieve the minimum desired 2 to 1 compression ratio. A slower playback rate can be used with the DPCM system due to a higher compression factor for better link performance at a given CNR in terms of bandwidth utilization and error rate. The report is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the theoretical conclusions of the second part and presents the system diagrams. The second part is a detailed analysis based upon an empirically derived random process model arrived at from specifications and measured data provided by the technical officer

Ultrasound enhancement of microfiltration performance for natural organic matter removal

Sonication of water at 1500 W power prior to microfiltration showed that short sonication times (60 s) gave a reduced flux decline. It is suggested that a less potent, smaller molecular form of the natural organic matter (NOM) was produced by sonication. Longer sonication times diminished this beneficial effect. This may be due to the formation of aggregates or compounds that are more readily adsorbed on the membrane. Where the sonication was preceded by an alum treatment, the flux loss showed a regular decrease with longer sonication times. It is suggested that the effects of sonication on the alum flocs and on the flocs; NOM interactions may play a critical role in regulating the flux. Where sand was present on sonication at 800 and 1400 W, the cavitational energy was focussed on adsorbed organic material, resulting in more efficient destruction and the formation of compounds that counteracted the flux enhancement

Letter

The onset of type I edge localized modes (ELMs) is investigated on the DIII-D tokamak. A fast imaging camera is used with an integration time of 1 νs and a time between frames of about 15 νs continuously recording for a period of 1.3 s. It is observed that type I ELMs onset starts with a precursor oscillation at the mid-plane caused by a toroidally rotating localized structure with a spatial scale increasing with time. This is confirmed by the toroidal set of magnetic probes and continues until the filamentary structure(s) strongly interacts with the first wall at the outer mid-plane. This triggers a strong plasma-wall interaction that later spreads to affect the whole scrape-off layer. The properties of the observed localized structure(s) are in good agreement with the ballooning finger structure occurring in the early non-linear phase of the peeling-ballooning instability. © 2009 IAEA, Vienna.Wakatani M, 1999, NUCL FUSION, V39, P2175, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-39-12-302; Antar GY, 2006, PHYS PLASMAS, V13, DOI 10.1063-1.2198210; Becoulet M, 2003, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V45, pA93, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-45-12A-007; Coda S, 2001, NUCL FUSION, V41, P1885, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-41-12-316; Cowley S, 1996, PHYS PLASMAS, V3, P1848, DOI 10.1063-1.871980; Cowley SC, 2003, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V45, pA31, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-45-12A-003; Eich T, 2005, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V47, P815, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-47-6-007; Hill DN, 1997, J NUCL MATER, V241, P182, DOI 10.1016-S0022-3115(97)80039-6; Kirk A, 2005, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V47, P315, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-47-2-008; Kirk A, 2005, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V47, P995, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-47-7-003; Leonard AW, 2003, PHYS PLASMAS, V10, P1765, DOI 10.1063-1.1567723; Snyder PB, 2005, PHYS PLASMAS, V12, DOI 10.1063-1.1873792; Solomon WM, 2004, REV SCI INSTRUM, V75, P3481, DOI 10.1063-1.1790042; Wade MR, 2005, PHYS REV LETT, V94, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.94.225001; Zohm H, 1996, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V38, P1213, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-38-8-01234

Measuring the muon's anomalous magnetic moment to 0.14 ppm

The anomalous magnetic moment (g-2) of the muon was measured with a precision of 0.54 ppm in Experiment 821 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. A difference of 3.2 standard deviations between this experimental value and the prediction of the Standard Model has persisted since 2004; in spite of considerable experimental and theoretical effort, there is no consistent explanation for this difference. This comparison hints at physics beyond the Standard Model, but it also imposes strong constraints on those possibilities, which include supersymmetry and extra dimensions. The collaboration is preparing to relocate the experiment to Fermilab to continue towards a proposed precision of 0.14 ppm. This will require 20 times more recorded decays than in the previous measurement, with corresponding improvements in the systematic uncertainties. We describe the theoretical developments and the experimental upgrades that provide a compelling motivation for the new measurement.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented at International Nuclear Physics Conference 2010 (INPC 2010

DIRECT MARKETING IN THE 1990S: TENNESSEE'S NEW FARMERS' MARKETS

Marketing,