Bedding control on landslides: A methodological approach for computer-aided mapping analysis

Litho-structural control on the spatial and temporal evolution of landslides is one of the major typical aspects on slopes constituted of structurally complex sequences. Mainly focused on instabilities of the earth flow type, a semi-quantitative analysis has been developed with the purpose of identifying and characterizing litho-structural control exerted by bedding on slopes and its effects on landsliding. In quantitative terms, a technique for azimuth data interpolation, Non-continuous Azimuth Distribution Methodological Approach (NADIA), is presented by means of a GIS software application. In addition, processed by NADIA, two indexes have been determined: (i) Δ, aimed at defining the relationship between the orientation of geological bedding planes and slope aspect, and (ii) C, which recognizes localized slope sectors in which the stony component of structurally complex formations is abundant and therefore operates an evolutive control of landslide masses. Furthermore, some Litho-Structural Models (LSMs) of slopes are proposed aiming at characterizing recurrent forms of structural control in the source, channel and deposition areas of gravitational movements. In order to elaborate evolutive models controlling landslide scenarios, LSMs were qualitatively related and compared with Δ and C; quantitative indexes. The methodological procedure has been applied to a lithostructurally complex area of Southern Italy where data about azimuth measurements and landslide mapping were known. It was found that the proposed methodology enables the recognition of typical control conditions on landslides in relation to the LSMs. Different control patterns on landslide shape and on style and distribution of the activity resulted for each LSM. This provides the possibility for first-order identification to be made of the spatial evolution of landslide bodies. © Author(s) 2011

A hybrid model for mapping simplified seismic response via a GIS-metamodel approach

In earthquake-prone areas, site seismic response due to lithostratigraphic sequence plays a key role in seismic hazard assessment. A hybrid model, consisting of GIS and metamodel (model of model) procedures, was introduced aimed at estimating the 1-D spatial seismic site response in accordance with spatial variability of sediment parameters. Inputs and outputs are provided and processed by means of an appropriate GIS model, named GIS Cubic Model (GCM). This consists of a block-layered parametric structure aimed at resolving a predicted metamodel by means of pixel to pixel vertical computing. The metamodel, opportunely calibrated, is able to emulate the classic shape of the spectral acceleration response in relation to the main physical parameters that characterize the spectrum itself. Therefore, via the GCM structure and the metamodel, the hybrid model provides maps of normalized acceleration response spectra. The hybrid model was applied and tested on the built-up area of the San Giorgio del Sannio village, located in a high-risk seismic zone of southern Italy. Efficiency tests showed a good correspondence between the spectral values resulting from the proposed approach and the 1-D physical computational models. Supported by lithology and geophysical data and corresponding accurate interpretation regarding modelling, the hybrid model can be an efficient tool in assessing urban planning seismic hazard/risk. © Author(s) 2014

SiSeRHMap v1.0: A simulator for mapped seismic response using a hybrid model

SiSeRHMap is a computerized methodology capable of drawing up prediction maps of seismic response. It was realized on the basis of a hybrid model which combines different approaches and models in a new and non-conventional way. These approaches 5 and models are organized in a code-architecture composed of five interdependent modules. A GIS (Geographic Information System) Cubic Model (GCM), which is a layered computational structure based on the concept of lithodynamic units and zones, aims at reproducing a parameterized layered subsoil model. A metamodeling process confers a hybrid nature to the methodology. In this process, the one-dimensional linear 10 equivalent analysis produces acceleration response spectra of shear wave velocitythickness profiles, defined as trainers, which are randomly selected in each zone. Subsequently, a numerical adaptive simulation model (Spectra) is optimized on the above trainer acceleration response spectra by means of a dedicated Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) and the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) as the final optimizer. In the fi15 nal step, the GCM Maps Executor module produces a serial map-set of a stratigraphic seismic response at different periods, grid-solving the calibrated Spectra model. In addition, the spectra topographic amplification is also computed by means of a numerical prediction model. This latter is built to match the results of the numerical simulations related to isolate reliefs using GIS topographic attributes. In this way, different sets 20 of seismic response maps are developed, on which, also maps of seismic design response spectra are defined by means of an enveloping technique

The road to functional recovery : temporal effects of matrix regeneration on Amazonian bats

Across the tropics, vast deforested areas are undergoing forest regeneration due to land abandonment. Although secondary forest is an expanding type of landscape matrix that has been shown to buffer some of the negative consequences of forest loss and fragmentation on taxonomic diversity, little is known in this regard about the functional dimension of biodiversity. We took advantage of an ecosystem-wide fragmentation experiment to investigate longer term changes in functional diversity of a mega-diverse Amazonian bat assemblage associated with regrowth development in the matrix. We found that matrix regeneration affected several facets of bat functional diversity in secondary forest over time, increasing functional α diversity, species- and community-level functional uniqueness, altering functional trait composition, and resulting in functional β-diversity changes via trait gains. However, approximately 30 years of matrix regeneration were insufficient for functional diversity to recover to the same levels as in continuous forest. Our results suggest that a combination of natural, human-assisted, and active restoration is likely to be the most successful strategy for restoring functional biodiversity of bats in human-modified tropical landscapes, a finding that most likely also applies to many other taxa

A Computer-Aided Algorithm Combined with an Integrated Downhole Method to Improve Shear Wave Detection and Damping Ratio Assessment. Theory and Preliminary Results

This contribution introduces a computerized semi-automated procedure coupled with a dedicated algorithm to improve shear wave velocity assessment and the on-site elastic damping ratio estimation of ground materials. The standard equipment of the downhole method is integrated with a horizontal geophone (guardian) placed on the field surface. Mask tapering and band multi-filter functions improve first arrival, recognizing and isolating SH-wave trains to estimate damping ratio profiles. These are computed by treating signals using a frequency-time combined approach (frequency-time packets method). The signals are corrected to consider the different source pulse amplitude, the effects of the propagation path, and scattering. The damping ratio profile is statistically computed in terms of the local drift of trend on the amplitude ratio series that would otherwise have a normal distribution centered on zero. These profiles intercept the lithology changes in the test sites and meet the damping values stemming from previous field tests and the laboratory experimental tests available in the literature regarding materials such as the ones investigated here

Corrosive Properties of Ceramic-Coated Steel Rebar

Enameled steel reinforcing bars were provided to CIES by a project consultant at Roesch, Inc. The gritty ceramic enamel was added to the surface of the rebar in an attempt to prevent steel corrosion in extreme environments, as well as to increase bonding between the rebar and cement. These bars were subjected to mechanical tests to gain an understanding of the tensile strain levels and load-displacement tendencies under which the coating experienced cracking or spalling. The bars were also subjected to a corrosion test which quantified corrosion levels by measuring the current in the bars after an electric potential was passed through them

Embracing Diversity: Ararat's Role in Inclusive Urban Development and Migration in Rome

This paper aims to contribute by spotlighting an example of inclusive practices aligned with the principles of open city, specifically focusing on a migrant community who have established a socio- cultural centre in Rome, called Ararat. Ararat nestled in Testaccio neighbourhood with its enduring presence, stands as a testament to the resistance and vibrancy of the Kurdish community, particularly noteworthy as the neighbourhood undergoes development and renewal as part of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. By examining Ararat's journey, this paper seeks to extract valuable insights and lessons that can inform urban planners and policymakers engaged in inclusive urban development projects. The longevity and vitality of Ararat underscore the importance of incorporating the unique perspectives and contributions of migrants communities in the urban renewal proces

Nervous Conditions

Dimensions: 30 inches wide, 36 inches tallInkjet on matte paper, printed on both sidesWork displayed here as a diptych Artist\u27s narrative: Letter 174 is addressed to Paul Laurence Dunbar sent from his dear family friend H.A. Tobey. Toward the end of his life, Dunbar struggled to cope with his tuberculosis and turned to alcohol to ease his pain. As his condition worsened, Tobey began to worry about him and wrote him this moving letter of optimism expressing his sympathy regarding Paul living with a painful and deadly disease. The mirroring is showing the side effects of the disease and complications it causes to the spine and nervous system. Having the visual spread outward all throughout the page and enclosing the type further conveys how tuberculosis was taking over his body. Watercolor combined with digital illustrations created an overall feeling of being nervous and desolate — similar to the emotions of Dunbar in 1902 battling tuberculosis. The poster sheds light on the physical and mental struggles Dunbar faced in his medical condition. It shows the undeniable past experiences that have led up to this feeling of distress. The time period in which Dunbar lived and the tone of the letter’s message influenced the type palette choices of an old face and humanistic lineale. Dupincel (oldface) was designed by Rodrigo Saiani; Laca (humanistic lineal) was designed by Joana Correia.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/stu_vad_dunbarletters/1011/thumbnail.jp

Categorization and experimental evaluation of anchorage systems for fiber-reinforced polymer laminates bonded to reinforced concrete structures

While externally-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are commonly used for the strengthening of structurally deficient reinforced concrete (RC) members, the topic of anchoring FRP to concrete to achieve higher design strengths has not been addressed. Many innovative systems have been developed to anchor FRP to concrete, but the research involving these anchorage systems is not centralized and is therefore difficult to access. Additionally, systematic testing procedures for evaluating the strength of an anchorage system have not been widely used. To aid in the organization of anchorage system research and facilitate a better understanding of anchorage system behavior, a categorization system was developed based on the understood behavior of the FRP anchorage systems, as well as their potential applications. This new categorization system was used to discuss the applicability of anchorage testing procedures to various types of anchorage. Experimental research involving anchorage systems used for the emergency repair of severely damaged bridge columns was also performed. The anchorage systems included a novel anchorage system that was the focus of the experimental portion of this research. Results from the experimental program show that while the novel anchorage has promise for use in FRP strengthening applications, the assumed behavior of the novel anchorage was inconsistent with the observed behavior. Because detailed design procedures could not be developed using the experimental data, future testing of this anchorage system should be performed in the absence of the large number of variables that affected the anchorage\u27s performance during the column tests --Abstract, page iii