Relations of Competitive State Anxiety and Efficacy of Young Volleyball Players

With the aim of validating the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory on a population of young Croatian volleyball players, 286 examinees, 106 male and 180 female volleyball players (average age of 16.09±1.83), filled out the CSAI-2, constructed by Martens, Vealey, Burton, Bump and Smith (1990)1. Given the fact that all scales of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory have good homogeneity, reliability and sensitivity, it can be concluded that they represent high-quality measuring instruments for measuring psychological characteristics of young volleyball players. Young male and female volleyball players generally have a moderate level of self-confidence, and their cognitive anxiety is more prominent that somatic anxiety. In order to determine the age and gender differences in somatic and cognitive anxiety and self-confidence, parametric analysis of differences was performed and coefficients of the independent samples t-test were calculated. By analysis of differences according to age, it has been established that female junior players, in relation to female youth players, express a significantly lower level of somatic and cognitive anxiety and a significantly higher level of self-confidence. As opposed to female players, male youth and junior players do not differ in any of the analysed variables. By analysis of differences according to gender, it has been established that male youth players have a significantly higher level of self-confidence in comparison to female youth players. No significant differences were found in the level of competitive anxiety and self-confidence by analysis of variance between different player roles. No significant differences were found by discriminant analysis in somatic and cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence of female volleyball players of different situational efficacy. The group of least efficient male volleyball players is characterized by a very low level of self-confidence, while the most efficient group of volleyball players is characterized by a somewhat lower level of cognitive and somatic anxiety

Motor Structures in Female Volleyball Players Aged 14–17 According to Technique Quality and Performance

The aim of the study was to identify motor structures in elite female volleyball players aged 14–17, and to assess the effect of these motor structures on their technical and situation efficiency. For this purpose, a battery of 12 motor tests as predictor variables, and a set of six technical elements and evaluation of performance quality as criterion variables were applied in a sample of 147 female volleyballers aged 14–15 and a sample of 50 female volleyballers aged 16–17. Analysis of variance between subgroups within the groups of volleyballers aged 14–15 and those aged 16–17 showed the results on all motor tests to improve with the increase in situation performance, which was especially pronounced in the tests assessing explosive strength and agility. The same held true for the results on all tests assessing volleyball techniques, spike and block in particular. In both samples, factor analysis of motor tests isolated two factors underlain by the generation and regulation of strength, and the mechanism of speed regulation. Canonical correlation analysis between the motor regulatory mechanisms and technical elements revealed determination of the mechanisms of strength and technical efficiency in both samples. Regression correlation analysis showed the mechanisms of strength regulation and speed to be good predictors of game performance in female volleyballers aged 14–15 and 16–17, whereby the mechanism of strength regulation had greater effect on the game performance than the mechanism of speed regulation. Regression correlation analysis also revealed the set of 6 techniques evaluated to be a good predictor of situation efficiency in both groups of female volleyballers aged 14–15 and 16–17. The block and spike techniques were found to be the best predictors of game performance quality in the former, and the techniques of spike and block in the latter. Based on the results obtained, a possible model of selection for supreme score achievement in female volleyball is described

Effect of New Rules on the Correlation between Situation Parameters and Performance in Beach Volleyball

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of basic technical-tactical elements, i.e. specific motor abilities, on performance in beach volleyball, with special reference to differences between the old and new official rules. Analysis of variance for 6 variables of technical-tactical elements between the winning and defeated teams included a sample of 129 sets played according to the old official rules (1995 and 1996) and 74 sets played according to the new official rules (2003). This was followed by regression analysis between these technical-tactical elements as predictors and a variable, i.e. score difference at which the team won or lost the game, as a criterion. Results of the analysis of variance between the winning and defeated teams showed highest differences in the performance of attack-hit, followed by counterattack- hit and blocking in both game types. However, difference in the performance of serve reception, serve, and field defense between the winning and defeated teams decreased significantly with the use of new rules as compared with the old ones. Results of regression analysis indicated the sets played according to the new rules relative to old ones to increase the predominant impact of technical-tactical elements in the above-net actions, especially attack-hit and block, on the final result in beach volleyball

Die Strukturanalyse der spielelemente im Volleyball aufgrund einiger anthropologischen Eigenschaften

The importance of the morphological features and motor, functional and specific cognitive abilities as regards successful performance of six elements of the volleyball game (SERVE, SERVE RECEIVING, SETTING, SPIKE, BLOCK and COURT DEFENSE) was assessed by 9 volleyball experts. Three groups were established by using hierarchical cluster analysis according to the playing distance from the net. Block and spike elements belong to group A hence this group is named ’playing above the net’; the serve receiving, setting and defense elements make group B, so it is named ’playing in one’s half of the court’; the serve makes group C. Based on the arithmetic means of the judges’ rating it might be concluded that group A is characterized by a very high level of explosive power, longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton and coordination, and in general a higher level of power and endurance than in the other groups. Group B is characterized by a very high level of accuracy and coordination. The characteristic of this group is a very high level of anticipation, speed of reaction, agility, a highly developed sense of distance and flexibility. Group C is characterized by a very high level of accuracy and a highly developed sense of distance and explosive power though not so high as in the other groups.Die Bedeutung der morphologischen Eigenschaften sowie der motorischen, funktionellen und_ spezifischen kognitiven Fähigkeiten für die erfolgreiche Ausführung von 6 Segmenten, bzw. Spielelementen im Volleyball (Aufgabe, Aufgabenannahme, Stellen, Schmetterschlag, Block und Feldverteidigung) wurden von 9 Volleyballexperten bewertet. Mittels der hierarchischen Clusteranalyse der Spielelemente wurden drei Gruppen ermittelt, die durch den Abstand des Ausführungsplatzes vom Netz definiert wurden. Die Gruppe A umfasst den Block und den Schmetterschlag und wird "Spielen oberhalb des Netzes" genannt; die Gruppe B schließt den Aufgabenannahme, das Stellen und das Verteidigungsspiel ein und wird "Spielen im eigenen Feld" genannt und in der Gruppe C ist Aufgabe. Aufgrund der arithmetischen Mitte der Schiedsrichtersnoten für die einzelnen Gruppen, kann beschlossen werden, da die Gruppe A durch ein hohes Explosivkraftsgrad, die longitudinale Skelettdimension und Koordination sowie im allgemeinen durch mehr Kraft und Aushaltung als die anderen Gruppen charakterisiert ist. Ein hohes Niveau der Präzision und Koordination kennzeichnet die Gruppe B, für die auch ein sehr hohes Antizipationsgrad sowie die Reaktionsschnelligkeit, Gewandtheit, das Spielraumgefühl und die Flexibilität spezifisch sind. Die Eigenschaften der Gruppe C sind ein sehr hohes Präzisionsgrad und ein hohes (obwohl nicht so hoch als in den anderen Gruppen) Grad des Spielraumgefühls und der Explosivkraft

Motor Structures in Female Volleyball Players Aged 14–17 According to Technique Quality and Performance

The aim of the study was to identify motor structures in elite female volleyball players aged 14–17, and to assess the effect of these motor structures on their technical and situation efficiency. For this purpose, a battery of 12 motor tests as predictor variables, and a set of six technical elements and evaluation of performance quality as criterion variables were applied in a sample of 147 female volleyballers aged 14–15 and a sample of 50 female volleyballers aged 16–17. Analysis of variance between subgroups within the groups of volleyballers aged 14–15 and those aged 16–17 showed the results on all motor tests to improve with the increase in situation performance, which was especially pronounced in the tests assessing explosive strength and agility. The same held true for the results on all tests assessing volleyball techniques, spike and block in particular. In both samples, factor analysis of motor tests isolated two factors underlain by the generation and regulation of strength, and the mechanism of speed regulation. Canonical correlation analysis between the motor regulatory mechanisms and technical elements revealed determination of the mechanisms of strength and technical efficiency in both samples. Regression correlation analysis showed the mechanisms of strength regulation and speed to be good predictors of game performance in female volleyballers aged 14–15 and 16–17, whereby the mechanism of strength regulation had greater effect on the game performance than the mechanism of speed regulation. Regression correlation analysis also revealed the set of 6 techniques evaluated to be a good predictor of situation efficiency in both groups of female volleyballers aged 14–15 and 16–17. The block and spike techniques were found to be the best predictors of game performance quality in the former, and the techniques of spike and block in the latter. Based on the results obtained, a possible model of selection for supreme score achievement in female volleyball is described

Identification af Explosive Power Factors as Predictors of Player Quality in Young Female Volleyball Players

With the purpose of determining the factor structure of explosive power, as well as the influence of each factor on situational efficiency, 56 young female volleyball players were tested using 14 tests for assessing nonspecific and specific explosive power. By factor analysis, 4 significant factors were isolated which explained the total of over 80% of the common variability in young female volleyball players. The first factor was defined as volleyball-specific jumping, the second factor as nonspecific jumping and sprinting, the third factor as throwing explosive power, while the fourth factor was interpreted as volleyball-specific throwing and spiking speed from the ground. Results obtained by regression analysis in the latent space of explosive power indicate that the identified factors are good predictors of player quality in young female volleyball players. The fourth factor defined as throwing and spiking speed from the ground had the largest influence on player quality, followed by volleyball-specific jumping and nonspecific jumping and sprinting, and to a much lesser extent, by throwing explosive power. The results obtained in this age group bring to the fore the ability of spiking and serving a ball of high speed, which hinders the opponents from playing those balls in serve reception and field defence. This ability, combined with a high standing vertical jump reach and spike approach vertical jump reach (which is the basis of the 1st varimax factor) enables successful performance of all volleyball elements by which points are won in complex 1 (spike) and complex 2 (serve and block). Even though the 2nd factor (nonspecific jumping and sprinting) has a slightly smaller impact on situational efficiency in young players, this ability provides preconditions i.e. preparation for successful realisation of all volleyball elements, so greater attention must be paid to perfecting it in young female volleyball players

Perioperative Health Care of Patients with Breast Cancer

Karcinom dojke je najčešći i vodeći karcinom u žena u razvijenim zemljama svijeta. U prosjeku jedna od osam žena kroz svoj život dobije karcinom dojke. Faktori rizika koji dovode do karcinoma dojke su vezani uz genetsku predispoziciju i suvremeni način života. Većinu karcinoma dojke pacijentice otkrivaju same ili se otkrivaju tijekom rutinskog pregleda. Najčešće se uočava kao tvrda, bezbolna kvrga u dojci koja uvlači kožu dojke ili bradavice. Kod karcinoma dojke, kao i kod svakog drugog oboljenja, jako je bitno na vrijeme prepoznati bolest te uočavati simptome i znakove koji se mogu pojaviti. Prilikom samopregleda, žena može uočiti neke promijene stoga je bitno da se u tom slučaju obrati liječniku koji može potvrditi dijagnozu mamografijom, ultrazvukom, magnetskom rezonancijom, punkcijom ili biopsijom. Liječenje karcinoma dojke ovisi o stadiju bolesti i tipu tumora. Plan zdravstvene njege se za svakog pacijenta izrađuje individualno, na osnovi sustavno i cjelovito utvrđenih potreba pri perioperativnoj skrbi koja uključuje prijeoperacijsku pripremu pacijenta, intraoperacijsko zbrinjavanje i poslijeoperacijsku zdravstvenu njegu pacijenta. Karcinom dojke je moguće izlječiti ako se otkrije na vrijeme. Medicinska sestra ima veliku ulogu u zdravstvenom prosvjećivanju žena na vršenje samopregleda, mamografije i liječničkih pregleda. Proces zdravstvene njege je neizostavan dio posla medicinske sestre. Znanje i iskustvo pomažu medicinskoj sestri da stvori što bolji odnos s pacijentom kako bi prikupila više kvalitetnih podataka za prepoznavanje kvalitetne sestrinske dijagnoze

RELATIONS BETWEEN KINESIOLOGICAL ENGAGEMENT, PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF MOBILE PHONE AND COMPUTER USAGE IN ADOLESCENTS

Sažetak : Cilj ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi odnos JE Between različitih načina korištenja mobitela i RAČUNALA I kineziološki aktivnost, Kao i nekih psiholoških karakteristika adolescenata. Subjekti istraživanja Bili Su 305 učenika završnih razreda osnovnih škola u Trogir, Kaštela i Solina. Varijable kineziološke aktivnosti, pasivno bavljenje Sportom, percipirane sportske kompetentnosti i samopoštovanje Su mjeri. Nova ljestvica mobilne korištenju telefona bio sagrađen. Znanstveni analiza korištena JE ZA određivanje tri types mobitela i korištenja RAČUNALA, pod nazivom niske, Srednje i visoke aktivnosti mobilnih telefona i RAČUNALA korisnicima. Muški i ženski Učenici znatno razlikuju po stupnju mobitela i korištenja RAČUNALA s različitim svrhe, Ali ONI SE NE razlikuju po učestalosti pripadnosti određenoj vrsti mobilnih telefona i RAČUNALA korisnicima. Vrsta niske aktivnosti mobilnih telefona i RAČUNALA korisnicima imali znatno veći stupanj percipirane osobne zdravstvene snowman i opće samopoštovanje OD druge dvije types . Vrsta Velike aktivnosti mobilnih telefona i RAČUNALA korisnicima imali Su značajno VISI stupanj pasivne Sportski preokupacija, muški Učenici Su nešto vrlo izgovara percipira sportsku kompetenciju i kineziološki angažman. Ključne rijeci: aktivnost, smatra Sportski kompetentnost, samopouzdanje, mobilni telefon i korištenje RAČUNALA, Učenici Sažetak: . Cilj ovog istraživanja JE utvrditi relacije tipova korisnika mobilnih telefona i računara s fizičkom aktivnošću i nekim psihološkim karakteristikama adolescenata . Učesnici Su Bili 305 učenika završnih razreda osnovnih škola gradova Trogira, Kaštela i Solina Merene Su varijable fizičkog aktiviteta, pasivne zaokupljenosti Sportom, percipirane Sportskim kompetencije i samopoimanja. Konstruisana JE Nova Skala ZA korišćenje mobilnih telefona. Taksonomskom analizom određena Su TRI TIPA korisnika mobilnih telefona i računara. Učenice Sam Učenici se značajno razlikuju po stepenu korišćenja mobilnih telefona i računara u različite svrhe, Ali SE NE razlikuju po frekvenciji pripadnosti pojedinom Tipu korisnika. tipovi nisko aktivnih korisnika imaju značajno VISI stepen percipirane Snješko o svom zdravlju i općeg samopoimanja OD ostalih tipova. savjet Visoko aktivnih korisnika IMA značajno VISI stepen pasivne zaokupljenosti Sportom OD ostalih, Kod učenika Taj savjet IMA JOS nešto Više izraženu percipiranu sportsku kompetenciju Ja fizičku aktivnost. Ključne Reci : aktivitet, percipirana sportska kompetencija, samopoimanje, korišćenje mobilnih telefona i računara, Učenici