Many Strong Voices: Outline for an assessment project design

This document defines, guides, and supports the development and implementation of a full assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), under the Many Strong Voices (MSV) programme. A summary of impacts of climate change on SIDS is provided along with a literature review and analysis of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in SIDS, supplemented by consultations with SIDS partners, to indicate data availability and quality along with how to fill in data gaps. Then, an initial structure for the assessment is detailed with recommendations for implementing a SIDS assessment of climate change vulnerability and adaptation.Recommendations describe the need for the work, the scientific methods to adopt, the focus on case studies, and the emphasis on a problem- driven and action research approach involving local consultations.Research, policy, and practice outcomes of the assessment are also described

CCCC Kick the Habit: A UN Guide to Climate Neutrality

This book describes the importance of climate neutrality in order to reduce the impact of global warming. Climate neutrality requires reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and others

Many Strong Voices: Outline for an assessment project design

This document defines, guides, and supports the development and implementation of a full assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), under the Many Strong Voices (MSV) programme. A summary of impacts of climate change on SIDS is provided along with a literature review and analysis of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in SIDS, supplemented by consultations with SIDS partners, to indicate data availability and quality along with how to fill in data gaps. Then, an initial structure for the assessment is detailed with recommendations for implementing a SIDS assessment of climate change vulnerability and adaptation.Recommendations describe the need for the work, the scientific methods to adopt, the focus on case studies, and the emphasis on a problem- driven and action research approach involving local consultations.Research, policy, and practice outcomes of the assessment are also described

El pequeño libro de los empujones verdes : 40 formas de promover un comportamiento sostenible en los campus

¿Qué es un empujón verde? Cuando una universidad ofrece estaciones de reparación y estacionamiento de bicicletas, impulsa a los estudiantes a ir en bicicleta al campus. Cuando ofrece un plato vegetariano atractivo como la principal opción de su menú, ayuda a los estudiantes a llevar dietas respetuosas con el medio ambiente. El pequeño libro de los empujones verdes es una publicación concisa y fácil de usar que contribuye a reducir el impacto ambiental de los campus universitarios mediante los cambios de comportamientos. La publicación resume la evidencia en torno a qué estímulos funcionan mejor mientras busca fomentar prácticas más sostenibles entre los estudiantes y el personal del campus en varias categorías de comportamiento

The Kyoto Protocol and the Effect of Existing and Planned Measures in the Agricultural and Forestry Sector in the EU25

Agricultural and forestry activities cover the majority of the EU territory: in particular agriculture is the main lad use type, accounting for more than 41% of the land use in the EU15, while in the new Member States this share ranges between 30 and 60 %, whereas forestry is the second. The role of agriculture as both a source of and as a sink of greenhouse gases (GHG) varies significantly because of the diversity of production systems adopted by farmers and of the environmental conditions in Europe. The effectiveness of the policy measures adopted so far in the agro-forestry sector to meet the Kyoto target are reported in the National Communications to the UNFCC which now reached its 4th edition. National Communication were used in this reports as the main source of information to develop a country by country survey of policy measure - both from a qualitative and a quantitative perspective - allowing to understand the progresses the Members States are making towards their commitments, also thanks to a comparative assessment of this release with the previous communications to the UNFCC. Although not all members states did provide quantitative estimations, the comparison of the third fourth edition of the National Communication showed that almost all the countries have revised their estimations and projections of GHG emissions. It is also worth noting that that even though the measures reported at the country level still respond mainly to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) requirements or to the improvement of air and water quality standards, the issue of climate change has become increasingly prominent in the design of agro-forestry development strategies

Frequency of malaria and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Tajikistan

BACKGROUND: During the Soviet era, malaria was close to eradication in Tajikistan. Since the early 1990s, the disease has been on the rise and has become endemic in large areas of southern and western Tajikistan. The standard national treatment for Plasmodium vivax is based on primaquine. This entails the risk of severe haemolysis for patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Seasonal and geographical distribution patterns as well as G6PD deficiency frequency were analysed with a view to improve understanding of the current malaria situation in Tajikistan. METHODS: Spatial and seasonal distribution was analysed, applying a risk model that included key environmental factors such as temperature and the availability of mosquito breeding sites. The frequency of G6PD deficiency was studied at the health service level, including a cross-sectional sample of 382 adult men. RESULTS: Analysis revealed high rates of malaria transmission in most districts of the southern province of Khatlon, as well as in some zones in the northern province of Sughd. Three categories of risk areas were identified: (i) zones at relatively high malaria risk with high current incidence rates, where malaria control and prevention measures should be taken at all stages of the transmission cycle; (ii) zones at relatively high malaria risk with low current incidence rates, where malaria prevention measures are recommended; and (iii) zones at intermediate or low malaria risk with low current incidence rates where no particular measures appear necessary. The average prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 2.1% with apparent differences between ethnic groups and geographical regions. CONCLUSION: The study clearly indicates that malaria is a serious health issue in specific regions of Tajikistan. Transmission is mainly determined by temperature. Consequently, locations at lower altitude are more malaria-prone. G6PD deficiency frequency is too moderate to require fundamental changes in standard national treatment of cases of P. vivax

Multi-uses in the Eastern Atlantic:Building bridges in maritime space

Promoting co-existence and synergies amongst maritime uses is a key issue in maritime spatial management. Maritime economies are developing globally, leading to competition for marine resources and increasing environmental pressures. Multi-use (MU) is the joint use of marine resources in close geographic proximity. Focusing on the Eastern Atlantic sea basin, this article provides an overview of the MU context, existing and potential MUs, and the main drivers and barriers thereof. Based on desk research, literature review and stakeholder engagement, this study highlights differences between countries, regarding the implementation and advancement of sea strategies, and sector-specific and other Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP)-related policies. The legal, administrative and operational processes required to realise MUs are highly diverse and are related to the maturity of national maritime policies including MSP. A total of 25 MUs were identified and the three most relevant (Fisheries &amp; Tourism &amp; Environmental protection; Underwater cultural heritage &amp; Tourism &amp; Environmental protection, and; Offshore wind &amp; Aquaculture) were analysed in-depth. The general conclusion refers to the need for multi-dimensional and multi-level policy actions overcoming technology constraints, and improving regulatory and policy frameworks. European strategies and actions might assist these efforts, however, the identified gaps are resolvable mainly at the national level within its specific context and through the engagement of innovative stakeholders. Recommendations for promoting MUs are presented. In summary, MUs are recognised as joint ventures, enabling synergy of interests and minimising conflicts. Findings suggest that early stakeholder engagement in the process of planning and implementing MU is necessary to achieve synergies, while respecting national planning cultures and existing MU experience leads to conflict solving solutions.</p

understanding and tackling poverty and vulnerability in mountain livelihoods in the hindu kush himalaya

This chapter critically reviews the existing knowledge on livelihoods, poverty, and vulnerability in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH). Development in mountain areas and the practices of people in these areas are uniquely conditioned by distinct characteristics that we term "mountain specificities". Some of these specificities—such as inaccessibility, fragility, and marginality—constrain development. Others—such as abundant biological diversity, ecological niches, and adaptation mechanisms—present development opportunities for mountain people