The multi-layered nature of the internet-based democratization of brand management

The evolution of the internet, including developments such as Web 2.0, has led to new relationship realities between organizations and their stakeholders. One manifestation of these complex new realities has been the emergence of an internet-based democratization of brand management. Research about this phenomenon has so far mainly focused on investigating just one or more individual themes and thereby disregarded the inherent multi-layered nature of the internet-based democratization of brand management as a holistic, socio-technological phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to address this limitation through an investigation of the various socio-technological democratization developments of the phenomenon. To achieve this aim, a balanced and stakeholder-oriented perspective on brand management has been adopted to conduct an integrative literature review. The review reveals three key developments, which together form the essential parts of the phenomenon: (I) the democratization of internet technology, (II) the democratization of information, and (III) the democratization of social capital. The insights gained help to clarify the basic structures of the multi-layered phenomenon. The findings contribute also to the substantiation of a call for a new brand management paradigm: one that takes not only company-initiated but also stakeholder-initiated brand management activities into accoun

Análisis económico y estadístico de la producción industrial en el Distrito Federal del Cáucaso Norte de la Federación Rusa

En el artículo se fundamenta la necesidad de evaluar el potencial industrial de una región para elaborar una política industrial regional eficaz que tenga debidamente en cuenta las limitaciones económicas y los cambios exógenos globales en curso. Para lograr este objetivo, el estudio utiliza las herramientas y métodos de la estadística matemática y el análisis de sistemas. Los autores del artículo analizan la dinámica de la producción industrial en el Distrito Federal del Cáucaso Norte de la Federación de Rusia, así como la eficiencia del uso de los recursos por parte de determinadas industrias y actividades. Como resultado, determinan direcciones prometedoras para el desarrollo del potencial industrial en la región

In vitro induction of melanin synthesis and extrusion by tamoxifen

Physical appearance has significant importance psychologically and socially, with skin and hair being of prime relevance. Effective ingredients that modulate melanin synthesis are of growing interest. Tamoxifen, a widely used selective oestrogen receptor modulator, SERM, was described occasionally in medical case reports as causing grey hair repigmentation. This work aimed to study, in vitro, the effect of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, one of its most bioactive derivatives, on melanin production in human melanocytes.Teresa Matam a holds a grant from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/47555/2008). This work was supported by FEDER through POFC–COMPETE and by national funds from FCT through the project PEst-C/BIA/UI4050/2011

ASPECTS OF CIVIL LIABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR

This article is relevant, as it is devoted to the consideration of important aspects of the civil liability of individual entrepreneurs. In today’s business environment, where entrepreneurs face a variety of risks and complexities, civil liability issues are of particular relevance. The growth of entrepreneurial activity and changes in legislation may create new challenges in this area. The main purpose of the article is to analyze and understand the special nature of civil liability for individual entrepreneurs. The authors seek to identify the unique aspects of responsibility associated with the implementation of entrepreneurial activities, including high risks and the possibility of attracting personal property. Several key issues related to the civil liability of individual entrepreneurs are considered, such as increased risks, involvement of personal property, specifics of civil liability. At the study were used both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis) and special legal methods (formal legal, relatively legal). As a result of the study, the authors conclude that the civil liability of individual entrepreneurs has its own specific characteristics that distinguish it from the liability of individuals. In this regard, the article comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to systematize the rules of law governing the features of civil liability in order to eliminate the problems that arise in the application and interpretation of these rules

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL CONTROL IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article highlighted and systematized the features ofthe functioning ofthe system ofstate financial control of Russia based on the organizational, legal, economic and methodological aspects of its formation. An assessment is made of the effectiveness of the implementation of state programs on the basis of reporting materials of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation following the results of an external audit for 2017. According to the results of the study, problems and directions of development of the national system of state financial control were identified and formulated, and a number of measures were proposed within the framework of its development vector for the medium term. The constructed model of communication interaction offinancial control bodies of the Russian Federation will allow to solve the existing difficulties in terms of information and communication support of the activities of the subjects ofstate financial control

Analysis and Methods of System Management of Retail Trade City District

The article presents data on the current state of retail in Samara city. The authors conclude chaotic development of shopping areas, excluding the real need for them. Based on official statistics of Samara city and relying on federal legislation in this area, the authors suggest methods of calculation of availability of shopping areas for the foreseeable future. The authors analyze the population of Samara, the retail trade turnover in Samara for a few years, socio-economic indicators of living standards, such as minimum wage, the average monthly wage, real wages in percent to the previous period, on the basis of which developed a linear mathematical model. These models allow to predict the change of these indicators for the period ahead. On the basis of these forecasts it is possible to calculate the needs of Samara in the trade area. This will allow you to determine the strategy of development of retail trade of Samara. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s3p43

MECHANISM FOR MANAGING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES

The item presents scientific basics of developing a mechanism for managing innovative development in socio-economic systems of various levels under limited production resources

Current state and development trends of the oil and gas industry of Russia

The article presents the analysis of the functioning of Russian gas and industry complex and the current state of the country’s oil and gas industry. Provides analytical data on the use of refined petroleum products, which are highly-demanded raw materials in many industries. The prospects of Russian oil and gas are assessed. The largest Russian oil and gas production enterprises. Statistical data on the use of the main energy carriers is given. Based on the results of the study, the main problems and risks of the oil and gas industry are identified and formulated, namely: financial, strategic, managerial and legal