What Lula Lacks: Grappling with the Discourse of Autism at Home and in the Field

This paper examines the discourse of autism as we have experienced it as parents of an autistic six year-old girl. Because both authors are anthropologists, we were professionally trained to understand something of what discourses are and do. However, our training did not necessarily help us blunt the original force of the diagnosis. Over time we have come to understand both our daughter and the discourse that is said to define her differently, and these understandings have fed back into our understanding of our discipline. One key transformative event occurred when we took our family to live in a village where we had done previous research. This reminded us of the conceptual power of discourses: we put the discourse of autism to work for our own purposes, but at the same time it works on us, shapes us in ways we do not always realize

William J. Grinker to Mr. Silver, 1 February 1962

Professional correspondenc

Help me to help my child!

This paper attempted to survey literature dealing with parents positive and negative feelings about their learning disabled child and how they cope with them; their understanding of the child and his problems, and ways in which parents can provide a beneficial home atmosphere

Evaluation of a Crowd Sourced Bathymetric Approach

Crowd-Sourced Bathymetry is the process of generating a harbor chart through collecting, enriching, processing, and aggregating depth (and other) measurements from a host of vessels, using standard navigation instruments, while engaged in routine maritime operations. This study explores the accuracy and limitations of one particular approach towards utilizing Crowd-Sourced data, comparing the results obtained from DockTech’s approach to that of a classic MBES survey. As DockTech is a for-profit startup that sells their product to various stakeholders in the maritime supply chain, a balance between protection of proprietary interest and scientific collaboration is necessary. As such, while specific details in regards to both chosen methodologies and their particular evaluations cannot be discussed, a general overview will be provided and the results of DockTech’s solution will be evaluated. This study is based on depth measurements collected by service vessels, active on a daily basis in Ashdod Port over the course of two months. Tug and Pilot boats use stand-alone GNSS navigation and navigation class Single Beam echo sounders for safety purposes when traversing the port and maneuvering between the wharfs. These depths, averaged over a relatively rough grid, were used to produce a chart of part of the port. Data from the service vessels did not include RTK GNSS navigation and hence ellipsoid referenced surveying techniques were not used in lieu of water level monitoring. This chart was then compared to another chart produced from a professional hydrographic survey of the port, using state of the art equipment and strict hydrographic control. The differences were then analyzed according to the latest edition of the IHO S-44 standards. Recommendations were suggested for some relatively simple measures which could enhance the accuracy achieved and the reliability of such a chart, at least for harbor maintenance purposes.La Batimetría Participativa es el proceso de generar un portulano mediante la recogida, enriquecido, procesado y agregado de mediciones de profundidad (y otras) por una diversidad de buques, usando instrumentos de navegación normales, mientras realizan operaciones marítimas de rutina. Este estudio explora la exactitud y limitaciones de un enfoque concreto utilizando datos de Batimetría Participativa, comparando los resultados obtenidos por el enfoque de DockTech’s con los de un levantamiento MBES clásico. Como DockTech es una startup con ánimo de lucro que vende sus productos a varias partes interesadas en la cadena de suministro marítimo, es necesario mantener un equilibrio entre la protección del interés patrimonial y la colaboración científica. Por ello, aunque no se pueden discutir detalles específicos sobre las metodologías escogidas y sus evaluaciones concretas, se proporcionará una descripción general y se evaluarán los resultados de la solución de DockTech. El estudio se basa en la medición de profundidades recogidas por buques de servicio, activos diariamente en el Puerto de Ashdod durante el curso de dos meses. Las embarcaciones de remolque y practicaje usan navegación autónoma GNSS y ecosondas monohaz de navegación con fines de seguridad cuando navegan por el puerto y maniobran entre los muelles. Estas sondas, promediadas en una retícula relativamente aproximada, se usaron para producir una carta de parte del puerto. Los datos de los buques de servicio no incluían navegación RTK GNSS, y por tanto no se usaron técnicas de levantamientos referenciados al elipsoide en lugar de control del nivel del agua. Después se comparó esta carta con otra producida por un levantamiento hidrográfico profesional del puerto, usando el equipo más actual y estrictos controles hidrográficos. Entonces se analizaron las diferencias según la última edición de las normas S-44 de la OHI. Se sugirieron recomendaciones de cambios relativamente simples que podrían aumentar la exactitud alcanzada y la fiabilidad de esa carta, al menos para fines de mantenimiento del puerto.La bathymétrie participative (CSB) est le processus de génération d’une carte por-tuaire en collectant, enrichissant, traitant et agrégeant des données bathymétriques (et autres) à partir d’un grand nombre de navires, à l’aide d’instruments de naviga-tion standard, tout en participant à des opérations maritimes de routine. Cette étude explore la précision et les limites d’une approche particulière de l’utilisation des don-nées participatives, en comparant les résultats obtenus par l’approche de DockTech à ceux d’un levé SMF classique. DockTech étant une start-up à but lucratif qui vend son produit à divers acteurs de la chaîne d’approvisionnement maritime, un équilibre entre protection de la propriété et collaboration scientifique est nécessaire. En tant que tel, bien que les détails spécifiques concernant les méthodologies choisies et leurs évaluations particulières ne puissent pas être discutés, un aperçu général sera fourni et les résultats de la solution de DockTech seront évalués. Cette étude se base sur des mesures de profondeurs recueillies par des navires de service, actifs quotidiennement dans le port d’Ashdod pendant deux mois. Les remorqueurs et les bateaux-pilotes utilisent une navigation GNSS autonome ainsi que des sondeurs monofaisceaux de navigation à des fins de sécurité lorsqu’ils traversent le port et manœuvrent entre les quais. Ces sondes, moyennées sur une grille relativement grossière, ont été utilisées pour produire une carte d’une partie du port. Les don-nées des navires de service n’incluaient pas la navigation GNSS RTK et, par consé-quent, les techniques de levé rattaché à l’ellipsoïde n’ont pas été utilisées en rem-placement du contrôle du niveau des hauteurs d’eau. Cette carte a ensuite été com-parée à une autre carte produite à partir d’un levé hydrographique professionnel du port, en utilisant un équipement de pointe et un contrôle hydrographique strict. Les différences ont ensuite été analysées selon la dernière édition de la norme S-44 de l’OHI. Des recommandations ont été suggérées pour certaines mesures relative-ment simples qui pourraient améliorer la précision obtenue et la fiabilité d’une telle carte, du moins aux fins de l’entretien du port

Expanding and improving the Israeli geoid undulation model in the coastal area using nautical and shipborne GNSS measurements

The geoid, an equipotential surface of Earth's gravity field, corresponds to the global mean sea level, linking ellipsoidal and orthometric heights. As reliance on GNSS grows, accurate geoid models for coastal and marine areas are increasingly needed. We propose using a single shipborne GNSS receiver and nautical measurements as a cost-effective solution for coastal geoid modeling. Correcting GNSS data for vessel dynamics, tidal effects, atmospheric variations, and sea surface topography enables the creation of a local costal geoid model. Applied to Haifa Bay cruises (2019–2021), this method integrates into Israel's geoid, achieving sub-3 cm accuracy in coastal zones

Accuracy of shipborne kinematic GPS surveying

In December 1990 an experiment was conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California in which four different receivers, mounted on the mast of a ship, collected data simultaneously for several hours at a time. Ashtech LD -XII, Trimble 4000 ST, TI 4100 and Magnavox MX 4200 receivers were used. The reference system consisted of a Krupp Atlas Polarfix laser system set up on the shore at a pre-surveyed site. A two-axis vertical gyro system and a heading gyro gave the ship's 3-dimensional orientation at any instant in time, providing a connection between the laser reflector and the GPS antennas on the ship's mast. This enabled the reduction of the laser reflector's trajectory to the Ashtech and Trimble antennas for subsequent comparison to the kinematic GPS trajectories of these receivers determined by the postprocessing of the data collected. Each data set was processed once with the software provided by the manufacturer and once with an independent software package, OMNI, developed by the National Geodetic Survey. In addition to the software, six factors were examined to determine their effects on kinematic GPS surveys. They included : tropospheric corrections, initialization, satellite geometry, ephemeris type, data interval and multipath. In general the software available is versatile; however each package has some limitations which call for further development. The results indicate that the effects mentioned are small, generally less than the noise in the reference system. An important factor is the initialization of the kinematic process. Bad initialization can cause a reasonable solution for a period of time, but a sudden deterioration when the satellite configuration changes. Accuracy levels of a few decimeters were easily achieved with the systems and procedures used. Both Ashtech and Trimble produced trajectories which were accurate to within the noise level of the laser trajectories. In both cases the solution produced by OMNI differed from the solution produced by the manufacturer's software, only by a few centimeters.http://archive.org/details/accuracyofshipbo00grinLieutenant Commander, Israeli NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Sensory responses and changing body habitus revisited

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29697/1/0000029.pd

Hypothalamic Α 2 -Noradrenergic Receptor System Relation to Dietary, Genetic, and Hormonally Induced Obesity

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73970/1/j.1749-6632.1989.tb53313.x.pd

Sensory responses, dietary-induced obesity and biochemical values in Sprague-Dawley rats

Food intake and body weight gain variability in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to a palatable high-fat diet were examined in relation to sensory responses and biochemical parameters in two experiments. In the first experiment, varying sucrose concentrations (4-32% wt./vol.) were randomly presented for 20 minutes to ad lib chow-fed rats. Each rat's sensory response was expressed as Beta (B), or the slope of the regression between solute intake and concentration, and used to assign rats to diet groups. In the second experiment, responsiveness to fat emulsions (1-37%) were similarly measured and categorized. In both experiments sensory responses to sucrose were significantly related to weight gain/ fatness on the high-fat diet (lab chow-corn oil). Sensory responsiveness to the fat emulsions was unrelated to sucrose responsiveness or to high-fat feeding. Biochemical parameters (insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins) reflected increased caloric (fat) intake, as well as sucrose responsiveness. Predictors (sensory responses, biochemical values) of response to chronic (4 months) or short-term (<2 months) high-fat diets are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29161/1/0000206.pd