The Stream Biome Gradient Concept: factors controlling lotic systems across broad biogeographic scales

Citation: Dodds, W. K., Gido, K., Whiles, M. R., Daniels, M. D., & Grudzinski, B. P. (2015). The Stream Biome Gradient Concept: factors controlling lotic systems across broad biogeographic scales. Freshwater Science, 34(1), 1-19. doi:10.1086/679756We propose the Stream Biome Gradient Concept as a way to predict macroscale biological patterns in streams. This concept is based on the hypothesis that many abiotic and biotic features of streams change predictably along climate (temperature and precipitation) gradients because of direct influences of climate on hydrology, geomorphology, and interactions mediated by terrestrial vegetation. The Stream Biome Gradient Concept generates testable hypotheses related to continental variation among streams worldwide and allows aquatic scientists to understand how results from one biome might apply to a less-studied biome. Some predicted factors change monotonically across the biome/climate gradients, whereas others have maxima or minima in the central portion of the gradient. For example, predictions across the gradient from drier deserts through grasslands to wetter forests include more permanent flow, less bare ground, lower erosion and sediment transport rates, decreased importance of autochthonous C inputs to food webs, and greater stream animal species richness. In contrast, effects of large ungulate grazers on streams are expected to be greater in grasslands than in forests or deserts, and fire is expected to have weaker effects in grassland streams than in desert and forest streams along biome gradients with changing precipitation and constant latitude or elevation. Understanding historic patterns among biomes can help describe the evolutionary template at relevant biogeographic scales, can be used to broaden other conceptual models of stream ecology, and could lead to better management and conservation across the broadest scales

Factors that Affect Nurses’ Perception of LGBTQ Patients

Factors that Affect Nurses’ Perception of LGBTQ Patients Caitlin Grudzinski, MS Elizabeth Hartman, PhD, RN Background: The number of persons identifying as LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) increasing and therefore, it is imperative that we address the health needs of this patient population. Despite progress in equality legislation, the LGBTQ community still faces significant barriers in accessing health care and discrimination from health care staff. Nurses spend approximately one third of their time with patients and are often the first health care providers that a patient sees. An integrative literature conducted to determine nursing attitudes towards the LGBT patient population found that less than 50% of the studies suggested positive leaning attitudes towards this patient population. Objective: This purpose of this paper is to investigate and understand what affects nurses’ perceptions of LGBTQ patients. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted by searching the databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and ProQuest Nursing. Utilizing the keywords: LGBT patients, homosexual patients, transgender patients, sexual and gender minorities, nursing attitudes and nursing stigma. A total of 6 articles were found. Results: The data was analyzed and several themes were extracted. The education of the nurses, the environment in which the nurses worked and where they were from, and personal factors of the nurses all played a role in how they percieved LGBTQ patients. Conclusion: Nurses who were better educated on LGBTQ health issues had a more positive perception of LGBTQ patients Nurses who were also very introspective and understood their own personal biases also had more positive perceptions of this patient population. The hospital and the location of the hospital also had a significant impact on nurses’ perceptions. Hospitals with more heteronormative policies also fostered negative perceptions of the LGBTQ patient population. Considering these factors, nursing organizations should find a way to better educate the nursing workforce on LGBTQ health issues, Keywords: LGBTQ, nursing attitudes, nursing stigma, discrimination, heteronormavity, LGBTQ health education, LGBTQ health issue

Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the upper Paleozoic of the Sele High and its adjacent basins

The main focus of this study is to improve the understanding of the timing of the tectonic activity and its control over the distribution of the upper Paleozoic strata in the chosen study area. The study area is located approximately 150 km south-west from Stavanger and covers it includes Sele High and the northernmost part of the Danish-Norwegian basin, northernmost part of Jæren High and the entire Southeastern bank of Ling Depression. This thesis utilizes 2D and 3D seismic volumes to generate time surface maps of the top Zechstein, top Rotliegend and bottom Rotliegend horizons. As well as well log data and open-source Norwegian Petroleum Directorate well reports in order to study lateral and vertical facies variation of the Zechstein and Rotliegend Groups. In the study area The Zechstein Group assembles a variety of evaporitic and siliciclastic rocks. However, in the study area its succession consists mainly of halite except 8/3-1 well. The Rotliegend Group in the study area includes packages of siltstone, sandstone, and shales. Rotliegend is homogeneously distributed over the study area. The older Upper Paleozoic rocks were encountered only 7/3-1 well and 17/12-2. In the well 7/3-1 below the Rotliegend GP the carbonates were encountered. While the 17/12-2 well presents Devonian sandstone. However, since those two upper Paleozoic sections are barren of fossils, their exact age is uncertain. Based on the interpretation of the seismic images the three fault groups were distinguished from the subsequent strikes N-S, NE-SW, W-E. These fault groups appear to crosscut the Rotliegend without showing sign of syn-sedimentary deposition. However, in some of the interpreted cross-sections the thickening of pre-Rotliegend strata is visible along the N-S and NE-SW. Therefore the study area was subjected under two main extensional events: the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous, late Permian to Early-Triassic

A Meaningful Paradox of Color-Blind Racism and Racial Literacy: Understanding the Phenomena of White Women Teachers Educating Students of Color

Recognizing school resegregation and the demographic imperative as systemic problems impacting the educational outcomes of students of Color, this study examined the role of White women teachers’ racial views within the sociocultural context of teaching and learning. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore how 15 high school teachers described their lived experiences as educators of Latinx, Black, and Asian students in a racially diverse, public high school on Long Island, New York. This qualitative study was conceptualized through combining the theoretical lens of critical whiteness studies and critical pedagogy utilizing a qualitative phenomenological methodology for data collection, with the framework of color-blind racism added during the data analysis phase. The sample of 15 White women teachers engaged in two or three semi-structured interviews. The emergence of four meaningful paradoxes indicated that although most participants often employed a rhetoric revealing the uncritical endorsement of a color-blind ideology to describe their experiences, White women teachers also indicated that they were learning to see how race impacted them and their students’ lives. These findings provided insights and future directions for K-12 educational institutions and teacher-training programs by suggesting that more efforts are necessary to recognize the signs of color-blind racism, to ensure racial literacy development as an integral part of the education of White women teachers, and to promote positive teacher-student relationships and educational success for students of Color

Preceding rule induction with instance reduction methods

A new prepruning technique for rule induction is presented which applies instance reduction before rule induction. An empirical evaluation records the predictive accuracy and size of rule-sets generated from 24 datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Three instance reduction algorithms (Edited Nearest Neighbour, AllKnn and DROP5) are compared. Each one is used to reduce the size of the training set, prior to inducing a set of rules using Clark and Boswell's modification of CN2. A hybrid instance reduction algorithm (comprised of AllKnn and DROP5) is also tested. For most of the datasets, pruning the training set using ENN, AllKnn or the hybrid significantly reduces the number of rules generated by CN2, without adversely affecting the predictive performance. The hybrid achieves the highest average predictive accuracy

Conceptual maps : representations of History teachers’ knowledge

Este texto pretende discutir o papel dos mapas de conceitos como representações gráficas do conhecimento do professor de história, aquando o desenho de um trajecto didáctico específico. Identificar-se-ão as dificuldades inerentes à sua construção assim como possíveis modos de utilização na sala de aula de História do Ensino Básico.This text intends to discuss the role of conceptual maps as graphic representations of History teachers’ knowledge, when they draw a didactic plan. We aim also to identify the problems teachers faced during the maps construction, and as well to point out possible ways to use them in 2nd and 3rd cycle history classrooms

Exposer les photographies des ghettos juifs en Pologne

Argentique Le point de vue est au cœur de cette exposition où les témoignages photographiques de Juifs internés viennent s’opposer à ce que les nazis ont fixé sur la pellicule comme preuve de leur victoire sur l’« ennemi » (le Juif).Point of view: that is the theme of this exhibition. Photographic testimonies from imprisoned Jews are opposed to images taken by the Nazi’s as evidence of their victory over the ‘enemy’.Perspectief, daar draait alles om in deze tentoonstelling. Fotogetuigenissen van geïnterneerde Joden staan in schril contrast met de beelden die de nazi’s vastlegden als bewijs van hun overwinning op de ‘vijand’

Fatores da qualidade de vida no trabalho intervenientes na transição para aposentadoria

The population growth of the elderly population is increasing more and more in Brazil and in several countries worldwide. Consequently businesses will be one of the sectors most affected by this growth in Brazil, since they will have to replace or keep these employees working for a few more years. This fact coupled with good programs Quality of Work Life (QWL) and Motivating Potencial Score can be a positive outlook to keep this worker on the job market for a few more years. In this context, the primary objective of this study was to measure among the eight criteria stipulated by Walton's QWL, which can interfere in the decision of elderly workers to remain working after retirement. The methodological approach consisted of a content analysis and a descriptive exploratory. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and quantitative research. The results from the proposed notes made in relation to the Human Resource (HR) will enable managers to have an overview of the level of understanding and commitment of older people in a business context. The conclusion indicates that 72.22% of elderly workers who are in the process of retirement plan to continue working after their retirement, to feel more active, independent and useful in society. However, the factor's QWL mentioned that they should be improved to make them feel safer and encouraged to work with more pleasure, would be the appropriate return, which would bring more peace and greater future professional and personal fulfillment. However, it is important that companies start to reflect on the training and retraining to enhance the employability of older workers allowing its replacement or stay in the labor market for some years.CAPESO crescimento demográfico da população de idosos vem aumentando cada vez mais no Brasil e em vários países do mundo. Consequentemente as empresas serão um dos setores mais afetados por este crescimento no Brasil, uma vez que terão que recolocar ou manter estes funcionários trabalhando por mais alguns anos. Este fato aliado a bons programas de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) e ao Potencial Motivador do Trabalho (PMT) pode ser uma perspectiva positiva para manter este trabalhador no mercado de trabalho por mais alguns anos. Neste contexto, o objetivo primordial deste trabalho foi mensurar dentre os oito critérios da QVT estipulado por Walton, o qual pode interferir na tomada de decisão do trabalhador idoso em permanecer trabalhando após a aposentadoria. A abordagem metodológica consistiu em uma análise de conteúdo e em uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória. A análise dos dados baseou-se na análise estatística descritiva e em uma pesquisa quantitativa. Os resultados propostos a partir dos apontamentos feitos em relação ao Recurso Humano (RH) vai permitir aos gestores ter uma visão geral do nível de entendimento e comprometimento das pessoas idosas no contexto empresarial. A conclusão indica que 72,22% dos trabalhadores idosos que estão no processo de aposentadoria pretendem continuar trabalhando após sua reforma, muito mais para se sentirem atuantes, independentes e úteis na sociedade. Entretanto, o fator da QVT mencionados por eles que deveria ser melhorado para que se sintam mais seguros e incentivados a trabalhar com mais prazer, seria a remuneração adequada, a qual lhes traria mais tranquilidade futura e maior realização profissional e pessoal. Contudo, torna-se importante que as empresas comecem a refletir sobre a formação e reciclagem para reforçar a empregabilidade dos trabalhadores idosos permitindo a sua recolocação ou permanência no mercado de trabalho por mais alguns anos