Sense of meaning in life, self-acceptance, and prosocial behavior: an application of network analysis methods

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics and core items of the network structure between school students’ sense of meaning in life, self-acceptance, and prosocial behavior, and to provide a basis for understanding the relationship between their sense of meaning in life, self-acceptance and prosocial behavior and related interventions.MethodsA survey of 1232 school students was conducted using the Self-Acceptance Scale, the prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Sense of Meaning of Life Scale. Network analysis was used to construct the network of prosocial behavior, self-acceptance, and sense of the meaning of life among school students, and the software R was used for statistical analysis and visualization.ResultsIn the regularized bias correlation network of self-acceptance, prosocial behavior, and sense of meaning in life among school students, self-acceptance and self-appraisal, having meaning and self-appraisal, anonymity and altruism had the strongest correlation; emotionality, altruism, and urgency had the highest expected impact; and having meaning and self-appraisal had the highest expected impact of the bridge.ConclusionSelf-acceptance, meaning in life, and prosocial behavior are interrelated; interventions targeting emotionality, altruism, and urgency in the prosocial behavior dimensions may maximize prosocial behavioral effects among college students

Os desafios enfrentados pelos professores alfabetizadores no contexto fronteiriço de Ponta Porã/Brasil e Pedro Juan Caballero/Paraguai

Esta pesquisa trata dos desafios na prática pedagógica docente da alfabetização no contexto de fronteira entre Ponta Porã/Brasil e Pedro Juan Caballero/Paraguai, envolvendo alunos paraguaios que estudam nas escolas brasileiras. Buscou-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: Quais são os desafios que os professores alfabetizadores enfrentam no contexto de fronteira? Existem políticas públicas e formação voltada para a área de fronteira? A metodologia utilizada para a realização do trabalho baseia-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O artigo foi divido em três seções, a primeira seção trata sobre o conceito de fronteira e o processo de alfabetização, a segunda seção trata sobre a realidade das cidades gêmeas lócus da pesquisa e a terceira seção trata sobre os desafios no processo de alfabetização na região de fronteira

Manejo de la máscara laríngea Proseal por diplomantes de la Especialidad de Anestesia

Introduction: the simplicity of the technique of insertion and the facility of learning make laryngeal mask an attachment of great value for managing of the airway by personnel without prior experience or with minimal knowledge. Objective: to describe the management of the insertion of the laryngeal mask ProSeal in a group of graduate nurses of the Specialty of Anesthesia. Method: twelve nurses of Anesthesia diploma were observed when inserting the laryngeal mask to 240 patients electively programmed in “Manuel Fajardo Rivero” Hospital. Related variables were studied successfully, specific times related to the device and the problems associated with insertion. Results: time of installations were recorded (250 ± 61.53 seconds) and specific (16.14 ± 4.53 seconds) of the maneuver. It was informed an average percent of success of replacement in the first attempt (55.4%). Conclusions: laryngeal mask was placed successfully in less than twenty seconds, the successes was not related to the classification of Mallampati and positively with the number of cases of the operator and the most frequent problems were the fault by pressing against the palate, the suboptimal position of head and neck and the mask rotated on its axis.Introducción: la sencillez de la técnica de inserción y la facilidad de su aprendizaje hacen de la máscara laríngea un aditamento de gran valor para el manejo de la vía aérea por personal sin experiencia previa o con conocimientos mínimos. Objetivo: describir el manejo en la inserción de la máscara laríngea Proseal en un grupo de enfermeros diplomantes de la Especialidad de Anestesia. Método: doce enfermeros del Diplomado de Anestesia fueron observados al insertar la máscara laríngea a 240 pacientes programados electivamente en el Hospital “Manuel Fajardo Rivero”. Se estudiaron variables relacionadas con el éxito, los tiempos específicos relacionados con el dispositivo y los problemas asociados a la inserción. Resultados: fueron registrados los tiempos de colocación (250±61.53 segundos) y específico (16.14±4.53 segundos) de la maniobra. Se informó un por ciento promedio de éxito de colocación en el primer intento (55.4%). Conclusiones: la máscara laríngea fue colocada con éxito en menos de veinte segundos, el éxito no tuvo relación con la clasificación de Mallampati y si con el número de casos del operador y los problemas más frecuentes fueron el fallo al presionar contra el paladar, la posición subóptima de la cabeza y el cuello y la mascarilla rotada sobre su eje

Manejo de la ventilación durante la fibrobroncoscopia con máscara laríngea

Introduction: bronchofiberscopy is the method of scanning and direct inspection of the larynx and the tracheobronchial tree with a long, thin, flexible tube glass fiber as an optical medium called bronchofiberscopy. Objective: to describe the behavior of ventilation during bronchofiberscopy. Method: 30 patients announced to bronchofiberscopy were studied at "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" Clinic and Surgical Hospital ventilated with Fastrach. Ventilation variables (pressure inspiratory airway and tidal volumes) were studied. Results: during times (initial-final comparison) there were no significant differences between the mean tidal volumes. When analyzing the pressures airway of patients it was observed that there was no difference in measurements of pressure at different times and remained within normal limits. Conclusions: Fastrach laryngeal mask allowed the ventilation control occurs continuously during attempts to introduce the bronchofiberscopy; adequate ventilation volumes were guaranteed, with pressure levels in the air.Introducción: la fibrobroncoscopia es el método de exploración y de inspección directa de la laringe y el árbol traqueobronquial con un tubo largo, delgado y flexible de fibra de vidrio como medio óptico llamado fibrobroncoscopio. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la ventilación durante la fibrobroncoscopia. Método: se estudiaron 30 pacientes anunciados para broncoscopia en el Hospital “Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero” ventilados con Fastrach. Se estudiaron variables de ventilación (presión inspiratoria de la vía aérea así como volúmenes corrientes). Resultados: durante los momentos (comparación inicial-final) no hubo diferencias significativas entre las medias de los volúmenes tidales. Al analizar las presiones de la vía aérea de los pacientes se observó que no hubo diferencia en las mediciones de las presiones en los diferentes momentos y que se mantuvieron dentro de la normalidad. Conclusiones: la máscara laríngea Fastrach permitió que el control de la ventilación se produjera de manera continua durante los intentos de introducción del fibroscopio; se garantizaron volúmenes adecuados de ventilación, con niveles de presión en la vía aérea

Máscara laríngea Fastrach en la fibrobroncoscopia diagnóstica

Introduction: hypoxia and difficulty to establishment of the airway are two problems faced while performing fibrobronchoscopy. Today many hospitals in the world perform bronchoscopy through the laryngeal mask.Objectives: To describe the use of the Fastrach laryngeal mask for performing fibrobronchoscopy.Methods: 30 patients advertised for bronchoscopy were studied at "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero" Military Hospital who were ventilated with Fastrach and the variables were studied hemodynamic variables, oxygenation and ventilation, the specific time related with laryngeal mask and the process and the associated complications.Results: Although the values of hemodynamic variables reflected very significant differences at different times, they were normal; similar behavior was venting. Specific times of the maneuver, of removal of the device and the procedure (12.14 ± 4.55 seconds, 335.88 ± 89.91 seconds and 1500 ± 600 seconds, respectively) were reported. In all patients the procedure was successful and associated with few complications.Conclusions: hemodynamic stability, few associated complications, and successful removal and insertion of Fastrach laryngeal mask offered adequate conditions of ventilation and oxygenation during diagnostic fibrobronchoscopy.Introducción: la hipoxia y la dificultad para el establecimiento de la vía aérea son dos problemas que se enfrentan durante la realización de la fibrobroncoscopia. En la actualidad muchos centros hospitalarios en el mundo realizan la broncoscopia a través de la máscara laríngea.Objetivos: describir el uso de la máscara laríngea Fastrach para la realización de la fibrobroncoscopia.Métodos: se estudiaron 30 pacientes anunciados para broncoscopia en el Hospital Militar “Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero” que fueron ventilados con Fastrach y se estudiaron las variables hemodinámicas, de oxigenación y de ventilación, los tiempos específicos relacionados con la máscara laríngea  y el procedimiento y las complicaciones asociadas.Resultados: aunque los valores de las variables hemodinámicas reflejaron diferencias muy significativas en los diferentes momentos, fueron normales; similar comportamiento tuvo la ventilación. Se informaron los tiempos específicos de la maniobra, de remoción del dispositivo y del procedimiento (12.14±4.55 segundos, 335.88±89.91 segundos y 1500±600 segundos, respectivamente). En todos los pacientes el procedimiento se realizó con éxito y con pocas complicaciones asociadas. Conclusiones: estabilidad hemodinámica, pocas complicaciones asociadas, inserción y remoción exitosas y la máscara laríngea Fastrach ofreció adecuadas condiciones de ventilación y oxigenación durante la fibrobroncoscopia diagnóstica. 

Hepatitis B in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area: an integrated programme to respond to a diverse local epidemic

Although chronic hepatitis B (CHB) affects approximately 2 million United States residents, there is no systematic screening of at-risk individuals, and most remain unaware of their hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Unmonitored and untreated, CHB results in a 25–30% risk of death from liver cancer and/or cirrhosis, inflicting an increasing healthcare burden in high-prevalence regions. Despite high prevalence in immigrant Asians and Pacific Islanders, among whom CHB is a leading cause of death, community and healthcare provider awareness remains low. Because safe and effective vaccines and effective antiviral treatments exist, there is an urgent need for integrated programmes that identify, follow and treat people with existing CHB, while vaccinating the susceptible. We describe an extant San Francisco programme that integrates culturally targeted, population-based, HBV screening, vaccination or reassurance, management and research. After screening over 3000 at-risk individuals, we here review our operational and practical experience and describe a simple, rationally designed model that could be successfully used to greatly improve the current approach to hepatitis B while ultimately reducing the related healthcare costs, especially in the high-risk populations, which are currently underserved

Os desafios enfrentados pelos professores alfabetizadores no contexto fronteiriço de Ponta Porã/Brasil e Pedro Juan Caballero/Paraguai

Esta pesquisa trata dos desafios na prática pedagógica docente da alfabetização no contexto de fronteira entre Ponta Porã/Brasil e Pedro Juan Caballero/Paraguai, envolvendo alunos paraguaios que estudam nas escolas brasileiras. Buscou-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: Quais são os desafios que os professores alfabetizadores enfrentam no contexto de fronteira? Existem políticas públicas e formação voltada para a área de fronteira? A metodologia utilizada para a realização do trabalho baseia-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O artigo foi divido em três seções, a primeira seção trata sobre o conceito de fronteira e o processo de alfabetização, a segunda seção trata sobre a realidade das cidades gêmeas lócus da pesquisa e a terceira seção trata sobre os desafios no processo de alfabetização na região de fronteira.</jats:p

Investigating the Effect and Potential Mechanism of Rhamnetin 3-O-&alpha;-Rhamnoside on Acute Liver Injury In Vivo and In Vitro

Background/Objectives: Rhamnetin 3-O-&alpha;-rhamnoside (ARR) is a major flavonoid of the herb Loranthus tanakae Franch. &amp; Sav., which has been used for treating liver diseases in China. However, the protective effect of ARR on the liver has not been reported. Methods: Zebrafish larvae were used as a visual animal model, and liver injury was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) for an acute liver injury (ALI) model. The hepatoprotective activity of ARR was evaluated by assessing liver morphology, liver function indices, oxidative stress, and the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes in the zebrafish model. Additionally, the ROS level, inflammatory factors, and protein expression related to the IKK&beta;/NF-&kappa;B signaling pathway were measured to investigate a potential mechanism of ARR in HepG2 cells. Results: ARR ameliorated TAA-induced growth retardation, reduced liver injury phenotypes, and decreased oxidative stress in the zebrafish. ARR was also able to lower ROS levels in HepG2 cells, effectively inhibit the overactivation of the IKK&beta;/NF-&kappa;B signaling pathway in pathological conditions, inhibit NF-&kappa;B p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and reduce the release of intracellular inflammatory factors. Conclusions: ARR showed significant protective activity against TAA-induced liver injury in in vivo and in vitro models, and its potential mechanism was closely related to the IKK&beta;/NF-&kappa;B signaling pathway