Arctic passages: liminality, Iñupiat Eskimo mothers and NW Alaska communities in transition

Background. While the primary goal of the NW Alaska Native maternal transport is safe deliveries for mothers from remote villages, little has been done to question the impact of transport on the mothers and communities involved. This study explores how presence of Iñupiat values influences the desire of indigenous women of differing eras and NW Alaska villages to participate in biomedical birth, largely made available by a tribal health-sponsored transport system. Objective. This paper portrays how important it is (and why) for Alaska Native families and women of different generations from various areas of Iñupiat villages of NW Alaska to get to the hospital to give birth. This research asks: How does a community’s presence of Iñupiat values influence women of different eras and locations to participate in a more biomedical mode of birth? Design. Theoretical frameworks of medical anthropology and maternal identity work are used to track the differences in regard to the maternal transport operation for Iñupiat mothers of the area. Presence of Iñupiat values in each of the communities is compared by birth era and location for each village. Content analysis is conducted to determine common themes in an inductive, recursive fashion. Results. A connection is shown between a community’s manifestation of Iñupiat cultural expression and mothers’ acceptance of maternal transport in this study. For this group of Iñupiat Eskimo mothers, there is interplay between community expression of Iñupiat values and desire and lengths gone to by women of different eras and locations. Conclusions. The more openly manifested the Iñupiat values of the community, the more likely alternative birthing practices sought, lessening the reliance on the existing transport policy. Conversely, the more openly western values are manifested in the village of origin, the less likely alternative measures are sought. For this study group, mothers from study villages with openly manifested western values are more likely to easily acquiesce to policy, and “make the best” of their prenatal travel

A Decade of Research Progress in Chickpea and Lentil Breeding and Genetics

This paper summarizes achievements of chickpea and lentil breeding during the last decade /2005-2015/ in Ethiopia. Gentic yield gains from decadal breeding efforts were 80 kg/ha/year for chickpea and 52 kg/ha/yr for lentil. The germplasm enhancment and subsequent variety evaluation verification programs during the decade resulted in releases of 17 chickpea and 2 lentil varieties. These advanced varieties, when applied in production system with proper crop managment and protection practices, almost doubled productivity per unit area at farm level

Managing a Retailer's Shelf Space, Inventory, and Transportation

Retailers must constantly strive for excellence in operations; extremely narrow profit margins leave little room for waste and inefficiency. This article reports a retailer's challenge to balance transportation, shelf space, and inventory costs. A retailer sells multiple products with stochastic demand. Trucks are dispatched from a warehouse and arrive at a store with a constant lead time. Each truck has a finite capacity and incurs a fixed shipping cost, no matter the number of units shipped. There is a per unit shelf-space cost as well as holding and backorder penalty costs. Three policies are considered for dispatching trucks: a minimum quantity continuous review policy, a full service periodic review policy, and a minimum quantity periodic review policy. The first policy ships a truck when demand since the previous shipment equals a fixed fraction of a truck's capacity, i.e., a minimum truck utilization. The exact analysis of that policy is the same as the analysis of reorder point policies for the multiechelon problem with one-warehouse, multiple retailers, and stochastic demand. That analysis is not computationally prohibitive, but the minimum quantity level can be chosen with a simple economic order quantity (EOQ) heuristic. An extensive numerical study finds the following: Either of the two periodic review policies may have substantially higher costs than the continuous review policy, in particular when the warehouse to store lead time is short; the EOQ heuristic performs quite well; the minimum quantity policy's total cost is relatively insensitive to the chosen transportation utilization, and its total cost is close to a lower bound developed for this problem.Inventory Management, Stochastic Demand, Joint Setup Cost

Conocimientos, actitudes y pr?cticas frente al dengue en los adultos responsables de los hogares del barrio las Ferias, la Dorada ? Caldas, diciembre de 2014.

123 p.El objetivo principal es describir los conocimientos, actitudes y pr?cticas frente al dengue, factores de riesgo y medidas preventivas, que tienen los adultos responsables de los hogares del Barrio las Ferias del municipio la Dorada, Caldas, en el mes de Diciembre de 2014, para proponer estrategias que ayuden a disminuir el riesgo de la enfermedad. La Metodolog?a de estudio epidemiol?gico descriptivo transversal en 313 adultos responsables de los Hogares del Barrio Las Ferias en el Municipio de La Dorada, Caldas, se aplicaron en total 313 encuestas en las viviendas seleccionadas con un muestreo aleatorio simple realizado en el programa Epi- Info 3.1?, la informaci?n fue posteriormente sistematizada en el programa SPSS?, para analizar las frecuencias absolutas, relativas y proporciones de cada variable. Como resultados se encontraron que el 85,2% de la poblaci?n sabe qu? es el dengue; el 86,2% tiene conocimiento que el dengue se trasmite a trav?s de la picadura de un mosquito; el 93,9% de la poblaci?n refiri? que el lugar de reproducci?n del vector son los dep?sitos de agua sin proteger; el 15,1% de la poblaci?n ha enfermado una vez de dengue, La mayor?a de la poblaci?n reconoce que el dengue en una enfermedad muy grave 70,7%; con relaci?n a la sintomatolog?a de la enfermedad el 94,1% identifica la fiebre como principal s?ntoma. La eliminaci?n de aguas estancadas, no arrojar recipientes en donde se pueda acumular agua y manteniendo tapadas albercas, tanques de reserva y recipientes con agua son las medidas de prevenci?n m?s relevantes para la poblaci?n. Se encontr? que el 22,6 % est?n en total desacuerdo con que el control de la enfermedad es responsabilidad de la alcald?a, el 61,8% opinan que las personas de su barrio no colaboran en campa?as de control de la enfermedad en caso de presentar s?ntomas sugestivos de la enfermedad el 89,1% de la poblaci?n respondi? que acudir?a al m?dico, El 41,6% lava la alberca una vez por semana, El 87,8% de la poblaci?n nunca utiliza toldillo. La conclusi?n principal es que Los jefes de los hogares del Barrio Las Ferias tienen conocimientos adecuados sobre caracter?sticas de la enfermedad en cuanto a su forma de transmisi?n, reproducci?n del vector, reconocimiento de sus s?ntomas y adem?s cuentan con actitudes favorables frente a la enfermedad, tienen pr?cticas preventivas positivas al interior de sus viviendas pero no realizan actividades colectivas a nivel comunitario, por lo que se sugiere a la administraci?n p?blica la implementaci?n de estrategias de control social para prevenir la enfermedad. Palabras Clave: Conocimientos, actitudes, practicas, prevenci?n, dengue, adultos responsables.The main objective is to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices against dengue, risk factors and preventive measures, which are responsible adults Quarter household Fairs municipality the Dorada, Caldas, in the month of December 2014, for propose strategies to reduce the risk of disease. Methodology Cross-sectional epidemiological study of 313 adults responsible for Homes Neighborhood Fairs in the municipality of La Dorada, Caldas, were applied in total 313 surveys in selected with simple random sampling from the housing program Epi-Info 3.1 ?, the information was later systematized in the SPSS program to analyze the absolute, relative and proportions of each variable frequencies. As a result they found that 85.2% of the population knows what is dengue; 86.2% are aware that dengue is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito; 93.9% of the population said that the vector breeding site water tanks are unprotected; 15.1% of the population has fallen ill once dengue Most people recognize that dengue in a very serious disease 70.7%; relative to the symptomatology of the disease 94.1% identify fever as a major symptom. The elimination of stagnant water, not throwing containers where water can collect and maintain covered pools, storage tanks and containers with water are the most important preventive measures for the population. It was found that 22.6% strongly disagree with that disease control is the responsibility of the mayor, 61.8% think that the people in your neighborhood do not collaborate in campaigns to control the disease if present symptoms suggestive of the disease 89.1% of the population said he would go to the doctor, 41.6% wash the pool once a week, 87.8% of the population never used mosquito net. The main conclusion is that the heads of households del Barrio Fairs have adequate knowledge about characteristics of the disease in their mode of transmission, vector breeding, recognition of their symptoms and also have favorable attitudes toward the disease, have positive within their homes but do not perform collective activities at the community level, preventive practices so public administration suggested the implementation of social control strategies to prevent the disease. Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, practices, prevention, dengue, responsible adult