Development Of An Estrogen-Related Dietary Pattern And Lifestyle Score To Examine Breast Cancer Risk In Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: Studies examining the association between individual dietary components and breast cancer have been inconclusive. The use of dietary patterns is a holistic approach which may yield stronger associations. We sought to develop a dietary pattern based on an estrogen metabolite (EM) profile hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk (high unconjugated estradiol and low ratio of 2- to 16-hydroxylated EMs (2/16 ratio)). This estrogen-related dietary pattern (ERDP) was examined for associations with postmenopausal breast cancer in two study populations and was incorporated into an estrogen-related lifestyle score (ERLS) with other modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Methods: EM and dietary data from 653 postmenopausal women from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) were used to develop the ERDP. Reduced rank regression modeling was applied to identify food groups which explained the largest variation in the two EMs. The resulting dietary pattern was then applied separately in 28,304 and 37,752 women from PLCO and the Sister Study (SS), respectively, to examine associations with breast cancer using Cox proportional hazards models. The ERDP was incorporated into the ERLS with alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity among PLCO participants. Increasing scores of the ERLS represent a lower combined exposure to estrogen with a total range of scores from 0 to 6. Results: ERDP scores contained foods with positively weighted intakes (non-whole/refined grains, tomatoes, cruciferous vegetables, cheese, fish/shellfish high in ω-3 fatty acids, franks/luncheon meats) and foods with negatively weighted intakes (nuts and seeds, other vegetables, fish/shellfish low in ω-3 fatty acids, yogurt, coffee). In PLCO, a 1-unit increase in the ERDP score was associated with a 9%, 13%, and 13% increase in total (HR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.01-1.18), invasive (HR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.04=1.04-1.24) and estrogen receptor-positive (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02- 1.24) breast cancer, respectively. No association was observed in SS. PLCO participants in the highest ERLS category had a 34% (HR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.56-0.78) reduction in risk of total breast cancer compared to the lowest category. Conclusions: A dietary pattern correlated with a high-risk estrogen profile was positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer within the cohort in which it was derived. Potential differences in other risk factors or dietary assessment tools may explain differences in associations seen between PLCO and SS. Adopting a lifestyle that has a lower combined exposure to estrogen is likely effective in reducing the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer

Emergency stop devices and the human factors of response

The manual emergency stop Was recognized as an im- portant aspect of machine control very early during the history of powered mechanical systems. The purpose, of course, was to allow machinery to be quickly stepped during emergencies to minimize equipment damage and/or personal injury. Today, however, the emphasis of control is being shifted more and more toward totally automatic systems. Often, the importance of manual emergency stopping and override of these systems is lost in the zeal to perfect automatic controls. The problem that evolves is how and when to provide an efficient human-machine interface to allow a manual emergency stop. Here, some common emergency stop devices are studied in light of ergonomic principles that apply during manual emergency response. Information on legal and consensus standards applicable to emergency stopping devices are included with a summary of useful recommendations regarding design and placement of devices for efficient human use. The focus of this study is an ergonomic experiment concerning different arrangements of emergency stop pushbuttons commonly found on machinery. The results indicate that an unguarded pushbutton is superior to a guarded button in terms of the average human response time to activate and a reduction in the frequency of miss response (unsuccessful attempts at activation). Further results indicate that a large, 3 inch mushroom style pushbutton is superior to a 7/8 inch unguarded pushbutton and a significant reduction in frequency of miss response under adverse conditions is possible by redesigning the surface of the standard mushroom head

Avaliação de traços de psicopatia e abuso de drogas em uma amostra de adolescentes em conflito com a lei

A violência é um problema que tem acompanhado a humanidade através dos tempos, pois faz parte da constituição humana. De gênese multifatorial pode estar relacionada a diversos fatores. Assim, todas as pessoas estão sujeitas a cometer atos violentos, basta que o potencial para tal seja estimulado. Os estudos demonstram que na maior parte dos episódios de violência, o uso de drogas pode tornar-se facilitador, ou mesmo motivador de ações violentas e criminosas. As drogas podem ser estímulos, motivos, respostas ou mediadoras de comportamentos. Neste estudo realizamos uma avaliação de traços psicopáticos de adolescentes infratores com o uso do Inventário de Psicopatia de Hare: Versão Jovens (PCL:YV) e relacionamos os escores obtidos com dados sócio demográficos, história criminal e uso de substâncias. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o pacote estatístico SPSS 11. 0. As comparações das médias dos escores obtidos no PCL:YV e das variáveis sócio-demográficas e uso de substâncias foram efetuadas com Análise de Variância (ANOVA), Correlação de Pearson, diagramas de dispersão, e teste t. Os resultados apontam que o maior consumo de substâncias quanto à frequência, diversidade de substâncias e idade de início estão relacionadas com a violência e traços psicopáticos.Violence has been accompanying the human kind for ages since it’s part of its constitution. Of multifactorial genesis, it may be related to various factors. Thus, everybody is capable of having violent behaviour, as long as the potential for which is stimulated. Studies have shown that in the majority of violent episodes drug intake might work as a facilitator or a trigger for either violent or criminal actions. Drugs can be stimulus, reasons, answers, or mediator to several behaviours. In this study we have evaluated the psychopathic features of young lawbreakers by using the Psychopathy Checklist - youth version (PCL:YV) and relating the obtained scores to sociodemographical data, criminal antecedents and substances intake. For the analysis of the data, the statistical package for social science for windows (SPSS 11. 0) has been used. The comparison of the average of the scores obtained from PCL: YV, the sociodemographical variants and the substances intake have been brought about by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s Correlation, Dispersion diagrams and T test. The results indicate that the major use of substances concerning frequency, diversity of substances and age of onset are related to violence and psychopathic features

Defined αβ T Cell Receptors with Distinct Ligand Specificities Do Not Require Those Ligands to Signal Double Negative Thymocyte Differentiation

During T cell development in the thymus, pre–T cell receptor (TCR) complexes signal CD4− CD8− (double negative [DN]) thymocytes to differentiate into CD4+ CD8+ (double positive [DP]) thymocytes, and they generate such signals without apparent ligand engagements. Although ligand-independent signaling is unusual and might be unique to the pre-TCR, it is possible that other TCR complexes such as αβ TCR or αγ TCR might also be able to signal the DN to DP transition in the absence of ligand engagement if they were expressed on DN thymocytes. Although αγ TCR complexes efficiently signal DN thymocyte differentiation, it is not yet certain if αβ TCR complexes are also capable of signaling DN thymocyte differentiation, nor is it certain if such signaling is dependent upon ligand engagement. This study has addressed these questions by expressing defined αβ TCR transgenes in recombination activating gene 2−/− pre-Tα−/− double deficient mice. In such double deficient mice, the only antigen receptors that can be expressed are those encoded by the αβ TCR transgenes. In this way, this study definitively demonstrates that αβ TCR can in fact signal the DN to DP transition. In addition, this study demonstrates that transgenic αβ TCRs signal the DN to DP transition even in the absence of their specific MHC–peptide ligands

Planejamento de marketing para empresa de venda de maquinário agrícola

Orientador: Ana Paula Mussi Szabo CherobimMonografia (Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em Marketing Empresaria

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Plan

Our team aimed to compile a greenhouse gas inventory for the St. Louis region. Partnered with OneSTL, Ameren, and the USGBC, we determined that St. Louis has a goal to reduce emissions 50% by 2030 from 2005 levels, and become carbon neutral in 2050. After analyzing the Ameren’s Integrated Resource Plan and factors such as the cost and scope of emissions, we researched funding sources to improve energy efficiency and increase renewables in the region. Our top funding sources are the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). From the IRA, we found the following credits most effective:1. Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Deduction2. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund3. IRA Extended Production Tax Credits4. Clean Energy Production Tax Credits5. Alternative Fuel Refueling Property CreditFrom the BIL, we found the following programs most effective:1. Civil Nuclear Credit Program2. Energizing Rural Communities Prize3. Energy Efficiency Rotating Loan Fund Capitalization4. Industrial Research and Assessment Centers ActOur next step was modeling emissions from now to 2050. Our emissions model has shown that for us to achieve the 2030 goal we must reduce electricity use by 20%, in order to achieve an EnergyStar rating of ES 75. Possible future steps for this project are updating the GHG emissions inventory for the region, implementing ICLEI modeling, and expanding our modeling for industrial buildings

ANÁLISE DE SENSIBILIDADE, POR MEIO DE REDE NEURAL ARTIFICIAL, DAS VARIÁVEIS QUE INFLUENCIAM O ENCANOAMENTO DIAGONAL EM UMA MÁQUINA DE PAPEL-CARTÃO

The dimensional stability of the paper may change due to middle exchange moisture, releasing the latent stress acquired into the manufacturing process. One result of this tension release is the diagonal curl. This study aims to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the different input’s variables of an industrial paper machine, along with some laboratory measurements, in order to identify the importance in production of paperboard quality control and relate to the property of the paper called twist. A survey was made of the production history, relating to 2012, to observe the products with the highest quality losses. From this, they were correlated with the critical points of measurement profile in the machine cross direction and consequently with the paper. It was found some changes once the variables correlated with twist, referring to the three analyzes of the profile (tender side, middle and drive side). It was revealed, from the sensitivity analysis, that the most important and sensitive variables, respectively for the tender side, middle and drive side, were total flow from the top layer, vapor pressure in the 6th group of drying cylinders and mass flow side of the bottom layer of the formation of paperboard.A estabilidade dimensional do papel pode sofrer alterações devido à troca de umidade com o meio, liberando o estresse latente adquirido no processo de fabricação. Um dos resultados dessa liberação de tensões é o encanoamento diagonal. Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma análise de sensibilidade das diferentes variáveis de entrada de uma máquina industrial de papel, juntamente com algumas medições laboratoriais, com a propriedade do papel denominada de encanoamento diagonal. Foi feito um levantamento do histórico referente a 2012 para observar os produtos com as maiores perdas. A partir disso, correlacionados com os pontos críticos do perfil de medição na direção CD. Algumas alterações na ordem em que as variáveis correlacionavam com o twist, referentes nas três análises do perfil (lado comando, meio e acionamento). Foi revelado, a partir da análise de sensibilidade, que as variáveis mais importantes e sensíveis, respectivamente, para o lado comando, meio e acionamento da máquina, foram o fluxo total da caixa de entrada da camada cobertura, pressão de vapor no 6º grupo e fluxo de massa lateral da camada base (Module Edge)