Experience in Construction in Hard Rock with Roadheader in the Ariz -Basauri section of the Bilbao Metro

The object of the works to be performed is the extension of the Bilbao Metro network (Vizcaya, Basque Region, Spain). The Ariz-Basauri section of line 2 of the Bilbao Metro is being performed by the UTE Ariz-Basauri, a joint venture formed by the companies Exc. Cantábricas S.A., Vda. de Sainz S.A. and Obras Subterráneas S.A. The total length of the section is 2,372 m. of which 2,108 m. are performed in mine tunnel. The section will provide a service to the centre of Basauri with two stations, Ariz station commencing approximately at KP 1+050 and Basauri station at KP 2+105. Introduction of a new transport infrastructure such as a Metro system in an urban environment has an inevitable impact which must be quantified and, as far as possible, minimized. This impact on the urban environment includes a number of aspects, affecting networks and services, buildings, road traffic and rail traffic, not only influencing the line layout, but also and in particular the construction processes to be applied to ensure a minimum impact on both the existing infrastructure and the population. From the constructor’s viewpoint the shallow nature of the work at around 25 m should be highlighted as well as a work plan requiring 3 shifts and involving night work. The decision taken by ETS (Euskal Trenbide Sarea) not to use explosives due to the urban environment in which the Metro is developed is therefore comprehensible

Asymptotic Bounds for the Size of Hom(A,GL_n(q))

Fix an arbitrary finite group A of order a, and let X(n,q) denote the set of homomorphisms from A to the finite general linear group GL_n(q). The size of X(n,q) is a polynomial in q. In this note it is shown that generically this polynomial has degree n^{2(1-a^{-1}) - \epsilon_r} and leading coefficient m_r, where \epsilon_r and m_r are constants depending only on r := n \mod a. We also present an algorithm for explicitly determining these constants

Towards the understanding of the graphene oxide structure: How to control the formation of humic- and fulvic-like oxidized debris

Former structural models of graphene oxide (GO) indicated that it consists of graphene-like sheets with oxygen groups, and no attention was paid to the resulting sheet size. We now provide evidence of the complex GO structure consisting of large and small GO sheets (or oxidized debris). Different oxidation reactions were studied. KMnO4 derived GO consists of large sheets (20–30 wt.%), and oxidized debris deposits, which are formed by humic- and fulvic-like fragments. Large GO sheets contain oxygen groups, especially at the edges, such as carbonyl, lactone and carboxylic groups. Humic-like debris consists of an amorphous gel containing more oxygenated groups and trapped water molecules. The main desorbable fraction upon heating is the fulvic-like material, which contains oxygen groups and fragments with high edge/surface ratio. KClO3 in HNO3 or the Brodie method produces a highly oxidized material but at the flake level surface only; little oxidized debris and water contents are found. It is noteworthy that an efficient basal cutting of the graphitic planes in addition to an effective intercalation is caused by KMnO4, and the aid of NaNO3 makes this process even more effective, thus yielding large monolayers of GO and a large amount of humic- and fulvic-like substances.The authors thank the Government of Spain, Ministry for Economy and Competiveness, for financial support of project CTQ2013-44213-R, and Generalitat Valenciana for projects PROMETEOII/2014/007 and ISIC/2012/008. IRP thanks the Government of Spain, Ministry of Science and Education, for PhD Scholarship in the FPU program

A recurrent translocation, t(3;11)(q21;q13), found in two distinct cases of acute myeloid leukemia

We report two cases of acute myeloid leukemia (M1 and M5B subtypes) with a similar translocation, t(3;11)(q21;q13). We discuss the involvement of these breakpoints in acute leukemia and their putative clinical implications

A variant t(14;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Positive response to retinoic acid treatment

We present a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) carrying an atypical translocation involving chromosomes 14 and 17. This translocation could be considered a variant of the APL-specific t(15;17). Positive response to retinoic acid treatment suggests molecular rearrangement of retinoic acid receptor alpha

Letter to Wes Daniels regarding use of scholarship funds, March 28, 1991

A letter from Ismael Gullon to Wes Daniels detailing Gullon\u27s experiences at the SEAALL Annual Meeting and his expenses

Efecto de una restricción alimenticia después del destete sobre la mortalidad y los rendimientos productivos de conejos en cebo

En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de una restricción alimenticia moderada 15 y gradual después del destete (alrededor de 35 d de edad) sobre los rendimientos 16 productivos y la eficiencia alimenticia global del cebo. La restricción consistió en 17 suministrar una cantidad limitada de alimento (80, 100 y 120 g/d) en las tres semanas 18 siguientes al destete. Se han realizado seis ensayos, con 480 animales cada uno, 19 utilizando seis piensos comerciales que diferían en el tipo de medicación. En estos 20 ensayos se controlaron los parámetros de crecimiento, eficacia alimenticia global y 21 mortalidad durante el periodo de restricción y en el conjunto del cebo (destete a 63-67 d 22 de edad). El número de ooquistes y de Clostridium perfringens en heces duras fue 23 también evaluado en cada tratamiento. En ninguno de los ensayos se detectaron 24 problemas de elevada mortalidad causada por ERE. En estas condiciones, la mortalidad 25 de los gazapos restringidos se redujo un 33% (P=0,02) en el periodo de restricción y 26 tendió a disminuir en el conjunto del periodo de cebo. Los resultados obtenidos 27 muestran además que una restricción alimenticia moderada mejora en un 4% (Pmenor que0,001) 28 la eficiencia alimenticia global del cebo, sin afectar al peso total de animales enviado a 29 matadero. Además, la adopción de medidas que disminuyan la proliferación de 30 coccidios y C. perfringens en el contenido digestivo pueden resultar útiles para reducir 31 la mortalidad de conejos durante el ceb

The Preparation of Metallocarborane and Iodinated Carborane Amino Acid Analogues for Molecular Imaging and Therapy

This thesis demonstrates the versatility of the carborane cage by qsing a known carborane containing analogue of the amino acid phenylalanine, carborananylalanine (Car5) as a novel platform for radio labelling targeting vectors with both 99mTc and 125I. Initial racemic synthesis of Car was undertaken based on a literature procedure. Optimization of the procedure yielded all key intermediates leading to closo-carboranylalanine which was obtained in 67% yield. A new method for cage degradation of Car 5 involving microwave heating in water to give the desired nido-Car 9 was developed such that the product could be isolated in quantitative yield where the only additional product was boric acid. The removal of boric acid was non-trivial but was ultimately achieved through conversion to the more volatile borate ester. The synthesis of Re-Car 12 was achieved by microwave heating nido-Car 9 with [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]Br at 180∘C for 15 min in a microwave. The reaction produced multiple carborane products including the desired product 12, an amino acid rhenium chelate complex 15, and a di-rhenium complex 14. Conditions were altered to maximize the amount of the desired compound which was separated from impurities through semipreparative HPLC albeit in low yield (3%). Analysis of 12 by 1H nOe NMR experiments revealed that cage isomerization had occurred under the employed conditions resulting in the formation of the 2, 1, 8-cage isomer of 12. The iodination of nido-Car was found to take place in high yield at room temperature with a reaction time of less than 10 minutes. When the stoichiometry was kept to a 1:1 ratio between 9 and I2 no other side products were observed and purification by semi-preparative HPLC gave pure I-Car 16 in 48% yield. It was found that the radiolabelling of nido-Car with 99mTc proceeded with very few side products as compared to the cold rhenium standard (Re-Car 12). Variations of the labelling conditions (time, temperature and pH) resulted in a 45% percent conversion to the desired 99mTc_Car 13. The HPLC retention time of the 99mTc product correlated to the Re-Car 12 reference standard. Radiolabelling of nido-Car with 125I using Iodogen® as an oxidant was fast, efficient and high yielding. It was found that under the standard labelling conditions, nido-Car would give high conversion (>95%) to 125I_Car 18 in less than 10 minutes at room temperature. Not only was 9 highly reactive towards radioiodination, but the resulting product was found to be remarkably stable with no signs of degradation up to two weeks. A dilution study to examme the reactivity of 9 towards radioiodination was performed. At concentrations of 4.5 mM and 2.3 mM the conversion of 9 to 125I-Car 18 occurred in >95% conversion and 70% conversion occurred at a ligand concentration of 1.1 mM. A head-to-head experiment using equimolar amounts of tyrosine to nido-Car was also performed and found that 125I-Car was formed prefentially with an average percent conversion of 93%. This work demonstrates that a versatile radiolabelling platform using carboranes can be developed. Because the ligand is a non-natural amino acid it can serve for preparing bioconjugates and targeted molecular imaging and therapy agents.Master of Science (MS