Problème du rajeunissement des sols issus de l'altération de roches volcaniques, par des éruptions récentes de cendres, aux Nouvelles-Hébrides et aux îles Canaries

Abstract. - Two soils, one from Aoba (New Hebrides), the other from Tenerife (Canarian Islands), the rejuvenation of which by a fall of volcanic ashes has been dated (by 14 C), show that, in a humid tropical or subtropical environment, the recent rejuvenation leads to pedological forms relatively less maturated than the normal soils type. In Aoba, they are one thousand years old, saturated and slighty evoluted andosols, in Tenerife appear andic brown earths that are less than 9000 years old and bury tropical paleosols. It is noteworthy in Aoba, that only one thousand years has been enough to form halloysite, whereas Aomine and Miyauchi (1963) estimated tah 8000 years have been necessary in the case of the Japanese andosols.Résumé. - Deux sols, l'un situé à Aoba (Nouvelles Hébrides), l'autre à Tenerife (Iles Canaries), dont le rajeunissement par un recouvrement de cendres volcaniques a été daté en âge absolu (par 14 C), montrent qu'en milieu tropical ou subtropical humide, le rajeunissement conduit à des formations pédologiques relativement moins évoluées que la normale. Dans le cas d'Aoba, il s'agit d'andosols saturés datant de mille ans environ ; dans celui de Tenerife, ce sont des sols bruns andiques âgés de moins de 9000 ans, recouvrant des paléosols tropicaux. Il est remarquable à Aoba, qu'un millier d'années a suffi, en milieu tropical humide pour l'apparition d'halloysite, alors qu'Aomine et Miyauchi (1963) estimaient qu'un laps de temps de 8000 ans était nécessaire dans le cas des andosols du Japon.Quantin Patrick, Fernandez-Caldas E., Guttierrez-Jerez F., Tejedor M.L., Delibrias G. Problème du rajeunissement des sols issus de l'altération de roches volcaniques par des éruptions récentes de cendres, aux Nouvelles-Hébrides et aux îles Canaries. In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°426, 52e année, mai 1975. pp. 211-217

Estudo das políticas públicas para adaptação às mudanças climáticas no Brasil

Orientador: Prof. José Osório do Nascimento NetoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Especialização Direito Ambiental.Resumo: As mudanças climáticas emergem como um dos desafios mais prementes do nosso tempo, afetando países, comunidades e ecossistemas em todo o mundo. O Brasil, com sua vasta extensão territorial e uma das maiores biodiversidades do planeta, não está imune a esses impactos globais. Eventos climáticos extremos, como enchentes, secas prolongadas e o aumento do nível do mar, têm se tornado cada vez mais frequentes e severos, deixando uma marca indelével na vida dos brasileiros e na economia do país. Nesse contexto, o estudo das políticas públicas para adaptação às mudanças climáticas no Brasil ganha uma importância crítica. As políticas públicas desempenham um papel crucial na mitigação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas, protegendo comunidades vulneráveis, preservando recursos naturais e promovendo a resiliência diante dos desafios climáticos crescentes. Este trabalho se propõe a investigar a evolução e eficácia dessas políticas no contexto brasileiro, analisando seu histórico, pontos fortes, desafios e oportunidades

The role of URO17® in diagnosis and follow up of bladder cancer patients

©2024 Crown. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Objective: to evaluate the role of urinary URO17® biomarker in the detection of urothelial tumors in haematuria patients and the detection of recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder urothelial tumors. Materials and methods: Our study was formed of two cohorts of patients, group I represents patients presenting with haematuria (n = 98), while group II represents patients with known non-muscle invasive bladder cancers on their scheduled follow up cystoscopic investigation (n = 51). For both groups, patients were asked to provide urine samples before cystoscopy, either primary as part of the haematuria investigation or as a scheduled follow-up. Urine samples were sent anonymously for standard urine cytology and URO17® biomarker immunostaining. Results were compared to cystoscopic findings using Chi-square analysis and Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.05). Results: Group I was formed of 98 patients, with an average age of 60 years. URO17® showed 100% sensitivity and 96.15% specificity with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100 and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.83. The results showed statistical significance with P value < 0.001. Group II was formed of 51 patients, with an average age of 75 years. URO17® was shown to have a sensitivity of 85.71% and NPV of 95.45. Eleven patients of group II were on scheduled BacillusCalmette-Guerin (BCG) and another 5 received Mitomycin C (MMC). The overall results of both groups combined (n = 149) showed statistical significance between flexible cystoscopy results and the results of urinary URO17® and urine cytology. Conclusion: URO17® has a potential to be a reliable test for diagnosis and follow up of urothelial cancer patients and a screening tool adjunct to flexible cystoscopy. Trial Registration: Not applicable as the current study is not a clinical trial, as per according to the National Institutes of Health, “studies that involve a comparison of methods and that do not evaluate the effect of the interventions on the participant do not meet the NIH clinical trial definition.”Peer reviewe

Openai API, LLM (Large Language Models)

La API de OpenAI es una interfaz de programación que proporciona acceso a modelos avanzados de inteligencia artificial (IA) desarrollados por OpenAI, específicamente Modelos de Lenguaje Grande (LLM), como GPT-3 y GPT-4. Estos modelos son entrenados con grandes volúmenes de texto y son capaces de comprender, generar y manipular lenguaje humano de manera extremadamente precisa.The OpenAI API is a programming interface that provides access to advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models developed by OpenAI, specifically Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and GPT-4. These models are trained on large volumes of text and are capable of understanding, generating, and manipulating human language extremely accurately

Understanding and tackling snakebite envenoming with transdisciplinary research

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of high global impact. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 4.5 to 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes annually, resulting in 1.8 to 2.7 million envenomings, 81,000 to 138,000 deaths, and at least 400,000 people suffering from physical or psychological sequelae. SBE mostly affects impoverished rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and parts of Oceania, thus fueling a vicious cycle of poverty and illness. SBE not only affects humans, but also domestic animals, including livestock, with negative social and economic consequences. This requires a better understanding of the complex social, cultural, and ecological contexts where SBE occurs, within the conceptual frame of One Health, an integrated approach that recognizes the health of humans, animals, and the environment as closely linked and interdependent. Such complexity demands more integrative approaches for better understanding and confronting this disease. SBE has unique features that make its prevention and control challenging. Unlike many infectious diseases, SBE cannot be eradicated, but its incidence and impact can be reduced through effective programs aimed at better prevention and rapid access to treatment. This in turn demands the engagement of communities to improve the cohabitation of humans, domestic animals, and snakes in rural agroecosystems. In 2019, the WHO launched a strategy for the prevention and control of SBE, aimed at halving the deaths and disabilities caused by this NTD by the year 2030. This strategy is based on 4 pillars, i.e., empower and engage communities; ensure safe, effective treatment; strengthen health systems; and increase partnerships, coordination, and resources. Building on previous ideas and publications, this article discusses and advocates for transdisciplinary research on SBE and for promoting dialogue and collaboration between sectors, particularly by engaging communities affected by SBE at all levels of the research process

Biochemical interaction of twenty steroid derivatives with ribosomal protein kinase 4 S6 (RSK-4) surface using a theoretical model

Several genetic expressions have been involved in the development of cancer such as the expression of a ribosomal kinase S6 P90 (RSK-4). It is important to mention that some compounds such as LJH685, 2073047-06-8, and SL0101 can act as RSK-4 inhibitors; however, its interaction with the surface of RSK-4 is very confusing. The aim of this research was to evaluate the interaction of twenty-nine steroid derivatives (1 to 29) with of RSK-4 surface using 6rv2 protein, LJH685, 2073047-06-8 and SL0101 as theoretical tools in the Dockingserver program. The results showed differences in the aminoacid residues involved in the interaction of steroid derivatives with 6rv2 protein surface compared with LJH685, 2073047-06-8 and SL0101. Besides, the inhibition constant for steroid derivatives 1, 12, 14, 19 and 22 was lower compared to 2073047-06-8 drug. In conclusion, the steroid derivatives 1, 12, 14, 19 and 22 could be a good alternative as RSK-4 inhibitors to decrease cancer cells growth