Keamanan Fisik Teknologi Informasi: Desain Lingkungan

Keamanan fisik fasilitas teknologi informasi menjadi semakin populer beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Hal ini disebabkan oleh semakin meningkatnya kesadaran institusi teknologi informasi terhadap pentingnya keamanan fasilitas fisik mereka. Keamanan fisik mempunyai cakupan yang sangat luas, meliputi hak akses, lingkungan dan juga infrastruktur. Banyak institusi tidak mempunyai pilihan dalam membangun keamanan fisiknya sendiri. Karena mayoritas infrastuktur yang digunakan merupakan infrastruktur yang sudah siap pakai. Hal ini tentu saja sangat membatasi kebijakan keamanan fisik yang ingin diterapkan. Selain aspek infrastruktur, ada aspek lain yang sering terabaikan, yaitu manusia yang terlibat di dalamnya. Manusia dapat melakukan kejahatan dengan berbagai kondisi. Maka dari itu, keamanan fisik juga harus mempertimbangkan motif dan situasi yang dapat memicu terjadinya kejahatan oleh manusia. Bahkan orang yang sangat dipercayapun mampu melakukan kejahatan jika motif dan situasinya mendukung. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas beberapa alternatif penanganan keamanan fisik berdasarkan CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) serta standarisasi infrastruktur berdasarkan TIA-942. Konsep dasar dari CPTED adalah bahwa lingkungan fisik dapat diubah dan berdampak pada berkurangnya tindak kejahatan. CPTED berfokus pada empat area untuk mencapai tujuannya, yaitu pengendalian akses, pengawasan pasif, kegiatan pendukung, dan motivasi. Sedangkan TIA-942 adalah standar yang dikeluarkan oleh Telecommunications Industry Association untuk infrastruktur teknologi informasi

Strongly lensed SNe Ia in the era of LSST: observing cadence for lens discoveries and time-delay measurements

The upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will detect many strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (LSNe Ia) for time-delay cosmography. This will provide an independent and direct way for measuring the Hubble constant $H_0$, which is necessary to address the current $4.4 \sigma$ tension in $H_0$ between the local distance ladder and the early Universe measurements. We present a detailed analysis of different observing strategies for the LSST, and quantify their impact on time-delay measurement between multiple images of LSNe Ia. For this, we produced microlensed mock-LSST light curves for which we estimated the time delay between different images. We find that using only LSST data for time-delay cosmography is not ideal. Instead, we advocate using LSST as a discovery machine for LSNe Ia, enabling time delay measurements from follow-up observations from other instruments in order to increase the number of systems by a factor of 2 to 16 depending on the observing strategy. Furthermore, we find that LSST observing strategies, which provide a good sampling frequency (the mean inter-night gap is around two days) and high cumulative season length (ten seasons with a season length of around 170 days per season), are favored. Rolling cadences subdivide the survey and focus on different parts in different years; these observing strategies trade the number of seasons for better sampling frequency. In our investigation, this leads to half the number of systems in comparison to the best observing strategy. Therefore rolling cadences are disfavored because the gain from the increased sampling frequency cannot compensate for the shortened cumulative season length. We anticipate that the sample of lensed SNe Ia from our preferred LSST cadence strategies with rapid follow-up observations would yield an independent percent-level constraint on $H_0$.Comment: 25 pages, 22 figures; accepted for publication in A&

Economics of nitrogen and integrated weed management in dry seeded rice

Dry-seeded rice (DSR) is an emerging production technology in many Asian countries, whose profitability is higher than puddled transplanted rice. However, weed infestations are severe in the DSR. To increase the competitiveness with weeds and achieve the yield potential of rice, weed management in DSR needs an integration of herbicides and higher nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. Field experiments were conducted in the aman (wet season) 2012 and 2013 in Bangladesh to evaluate the effect of N rates (0, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha) and weed control methods [one hand weeding (HW); pendimethalin 1000 g ai ha followed by (fb) ethoxysulfuron 20 g ai ha; pendimethalin fb ethoxysulfuron fb one HW; and weed-free] on weed growth and crop yield in DSR. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The highest grain yield (5.3 to 5.5 t ha) was recorded in the season-long manual weed free treatment when N rate was160 kg ha; however, because of the high cost of labor, this method was not profitable. The use of pendimethalin fb ethoxysulfuron fb one HW effectively controlled weeds and produced a similar yield with the weed-free treatment for all levels of N. However, weed management cost was also higher because of the involvement of one HW. Although pendimethalin fb ethoxysulfuron treatment had always lower yielded than the pendimethalin fb ethoxysulfuron fb one HW, grain yield increased and net profit was similar when N rate increased from 120 to 160 kg ha. Considering weed control efficiency, yield, and economics, pendimethalin fb ethoxysulfuron fb one HW with 120 kg N ha may be recommended to growers. However, if laborers are not available for hand weeding, pendimethalin fb ethoxysulfuron with 160 kg N ha is the best option to achieve high yield in DSR

AEGRP: an enhanced geographical routing protocol for vanet

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), is a derivative type of mobile ad hoc networks with its unique characteristics and an essential part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). In VANET, the vehicles can disseminate information to certain or all vehicles within a region for different applications. Applications can be categorized as safety, convenience and comfort of the driver and passengers such as traffic conditions, accident detection, roadway safety, mobile sensing, and infotainment. These promising applications require intelligent and efficient routing protocols, which are capable of adapting rapidly changing topologies, high mobility in the network. Geographic routing protocols have become a popular routing type because of its simplicity and low overhead features, but recent research has recognized these protocols are not considering many particular constraints of the vehicular environment. However, existing routing protocols offered limited performance due to frequent disconnectivity, high signal interference in the presence of obstacles and lead to network delay and overhead issues. The main objective of this paper is to design an enhanced geographical routing protocol that addresses the network delay problems and provide necessary improvements over conventional geographic routing in light of constraints of these environments

Synthesis of Two Tetrasaccharide Pentenyl Glycosides Related to the Pectic Rhamnogalacturonan I Polysaccharide

The synthesis of two protected tetrasaccharide pentenyl glycosides with diarabinan and digalactan branching related to the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I is reported. The strategy relies on the coupling of N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate disaccharide donors to a common rhamnosyl acceptor. The resulting trisaccharide thioglycosides were finally coupled to an n-pentenyl galactoside acceptor to access the two protected branched tetrasaccharides

Democratic Model for Village Economic Resource Management in Nglanggeran, Gunungkidul

This article seeks to describe the results of the research with the topic of developing a model of governance of natural resources at the level of the rural communities involving community participation, both in terms of production, distribution aspects, and aspects of the control of the factors of production. By taking the case of the village Nglanggeran, it sought to create a model of governance “alternative” in the failure of the model of “state” and “market” in protecting people's socio-economic interests of the community from systemic poverty and the threat of sustainable ecological environment. The experience of developing governance of a natural democracy in this village is expected to illustrate the potential, problems and alternatives completion faced by communities in improving the welfare in a fair and equitable manner

The LSST DESC data challenge 1: Generation and analysis of synthetic images for next-generation surveys

Data Challenge 1 (DC1) is the first synthetic data set produced by the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC). DC1 is designed to develop and validate data reduction and analysis and to study the impact of systematic effects that will affect the LSST data set. DC1 is comprised of r-band observations of 40 deg2 to 10 yr LSST depth. We present each stage of the simulation and analysis process: (a) generation, by synthesizing sources from cosmological N-body simulations in individual sensor-visit images with different observing conditions; (b) reduction using a development version of the LSST Science Pipelines; and (c) matching to the input cosmological catalogue for validation and testing. We verify that testable LSST requirements pass within the fidelity of DC1. We establish a selection procedure that produces a sufficiently clean extragalactic sample for clustering analyses and we discuss residual sample contamination, including contributions from inefficiency in star-galaxy separation and imperfect deblending. We compute the galaxy power spectrum on the simulated field and conclude that: (i) survey properties have an impact of 50 per cent of the statistical uncertainty for the scales and models used in DC1; (ii) a selection to eliminate artefacts in the catalogues is necessary to avoid biases in the measured clustering; and (iii) the presence of bright objects has a significant impact (2-6) in the estimated power spectra at small scales (> 1200), highlighting the impact of blending in studies at small angular scales in LSST

Determination of load capacity of a nongasketed flange joint under combined internal pressure, axial and bending loading for safe strength and sealing

Performance of a bolted flange joint is characterized mainly due to its ‘strength’ and ‘sealing capability’. A number of analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to study these characteristics only under internal pressure loading. A very limited work is found in literature under combined internal pressure and bending loading. Due to the ignorance of external loads i.e. bending and axial in addition to the internal pressure loading, an optimized performance of the bolted flange joint can not be achieved. The present design codes do not address the effects of combined loading on the structural integrity and sealing ability. To investigate joint strength and sealing capability under combined loading, an extensive comparative experimental and numerical study of a non-gasketed flange joint with two different taper angles on the flange surface and with different load combinations is carried out and overall joint performance and behavior is discussed. Actual joint load capacity is determined under both the design and proof test pressures with maximum additional external loading (axial and bending) that can be applied for safe joint performance

Vaccines against toxoplasma gondii : challenges and opportunities

Development of vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans is of high priority, given the high burden of disease in some areas of the world like South America, and the lack of effective drugs with few adverse effects. Rodent models have been used in research on vaccines against T. gondii over the past decades. However, regardless of the vaccine construct, the vaccines have not been able to induce protective immunity when the organism is challenged with T. gondii, either directly or via a vector. Only a few live, attenuated T. gondii strains used for immunization have been able to confer protective immunity, which is measured by a lack of tissue cysts after challenge. Furthermore, challenge with low virulence strains, especially strains with genotype II, will probably be insufficient to provide protection against the more virulent T. gondii strains, such as those with genotypes I or II, or those genotypes from South America not belonging to genotype I, II or III. Future studies should use animal models besides rodents, and challenges should be performed with at least one genotype II T. gondii and one of the more virulent genotypes. Endpoints like maternal-foetal transmission and prevention of eye disease are important in addition to the traditional endpoint of survival or reduction in numbers of brain cysts after challenge

High rate, fast timing Glass RPC for the high {\eta} CMS muon detectors

The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale the instantaneous luminosity would also increase by an order of magnitude up to $6.10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ . The region of the forward muon spectrometer ($|{\eta}| > 1.6$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to $2 kHz/cm^{2}$ (including a safety factor 3) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The actual RPC technology of CMS cannot sustain the expected background level. The new technology that will be chosen should have a high rate capability and provides a good spatial and timing resolution. A new generation of Glass-RPC (GRPC) using low-resistivity (LR) glass is proposed to equip at least the two most far away of the four high ${\eta}$ muon stations of CMS. First the design of small size prototypes and studies of their performance in high-rate particles flux is presented. Then the proposed designs for large size chambers and their fast-timing electronic readout are examined and preliminary results are provided.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, Conference proceeding for the 2016 Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detector