Impact of Aspiration in the Assessing Process of Pediatric Lung Disease

This study aimed at analyzing the impact of Aspiration in the assessing process of pediatric lung disease, as the affected children will frequently encounter a situation where swallowing is insecure and aspiration is likely. Besides analyzing the Aspiration of foreign matter into the airways and lungs that can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary disorders with various presentations. And discussing the type of syndrome resulting from aspiration depends on the quantity and nature of the aspirated material, the chronicity, and the host responses. Considering that Aspiration is most likely to occur in subjects with a decreased level of consciousness, compromised airway defense mechanisms, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and recurrent vomiting

Almost everywhere elimination of probability quantifiers

AbstractWe obtain an almost everywhere quantifier elimination for (the noncritical fragment of) the logic with probability quantifiers, introduced by the first author in [10]. This logic has quantifiers like ∃≥3/4y which says that “for at least 3/4 of all y”. These results improve upon the 0-1 law for a fragment of this logic obtained by Knyazev [11]. Our improvements are:1. We deal with the quantifier ∃≥ry, where y is a tuple of variables.2. We remove the closedness restriction, which requires that the variables in y occur in all atomic subformulas of the quantifier scope.3. Instead of the unbiased measure where each model with universe n has the same probability, we work with any measure generated by independent atomic probabilities PR for each predicate symbol R.4. We extend the results to parametric classes of finite models (for example, the classes of bipartite graphs, undirected graphs, and oriented graphs).5. We extend the results to a natural (noncritical) fragment of the infinitary logic with probability quantifiers.6. We allow each PR, as well as each r in the probability quantifier (∃≥ry), to depend on the size of the universe.</jats:p

Rank hierarchies for generalized quantifiers

We show that for each n and m, there is an existential first order sentence that is NOT logically equivalent to a sentence of quantifier rank at most m in infinitary logic augmented with all generalized quantifiers of arity at most n. We use this to show the strictness of the quantifier rank hierarchies for various logics ranging from existential (or universal) fragments of first-order logic to infinitary logics augmented with arbitrary classes of generalized quantifiers of bounded arity.The sentence above is also shown to be equivalent to a first-order sentence with at most n+2 variables (free and bound). This gives the strictness of the quantifier rank hierarchies for various logics with only n+2 variables. The proofs use the bijective Ehrenfeucht-Fraïsse game and a modification of the building blocks of Hella. © The Author, 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

mlq header will be provided by the publisher A Local Normal Form Theorem for Infinitary Logic with Unary Quantifiers

Key words normal form, locality, Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games, unary quantifier

Synthesis of second-generation self-assembling Gemini Amphiphilic Pseudopeptides

Hypothesis The structural modularity of Gemini Amphiphilic Pseudopeptides (GAPs) allows the tuning of the self-assembling properties by slight modifications in the chemical structures. We hypothesized that the introduction of a flexible linker containing a central nitrogen atom in bipodal and tripodal GAPs would improve their self-assembly properties in aqueous media. Experiments After preparation of the corresponding GAPs, a combination of SEM, TEM and AFM techniques were used to study the morphology of the self-assembled structures in different media. The solution structures in non-aggregated states were also analyzed by combining NMR, UV and CD studies. The transition from the non-aggregated species to the hierarchical self-assembly was monitored by ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, while the critical aggregation concentration in water was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Findings The formation of different morphologies (vesicles or fibers) highly depends on the polarity and the pH of the medium. A reasonable mechanism for the self-assembly has been established in agreement with the experimental techniques used, where the protonation of the nitrogen in the linker must play a key role. In general, the obtained GAPs showed an improved formation of vesicles in aqueous media (different pH or ionic strength) with potential applications in biomedicine and drug delivery.Financial support has been provided by the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2016/071) and the Spanish MINECO (CTQ2015-68429-R). A.H.L. thanks Generalitat Valenciana for a Grisolía fellowship. The technical support of the SCIC at the Universitat Jaume I is acknowledged.Peer reviewe