ABO blood group system and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy and its consequences for both the mother and the baby is fundamental for improving malaria control in pregnant women.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The study aimed to investigate the role of ABO blood groups on pregnancy outcomes in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 293 women delivering in New Half teaching hospital, eastern Sudan during the period October 2006–March 2007 have been analyzed. ABO blood groups were determined and placental histopathology examinations for malaria were performed. Birth and placental weight were recorded and maternal haemoglobin was measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>114 (39.7%), 61 (22.1%) and 118 (38.2%) women were primiparae, secundiparae and multiparae, respectively. The ABO blood group distribution was 82(A), 59 (B), 24 (AB) and 128 (O). Placental histopathology showed acute placental malaria infections in 6 (2%), chronic infections in 6 (2%), 82 (28.0%) of the placentae showed past infection and 199 (68.0%) showed no infection. There was no association between the age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.45–2.2; <it>P </it>= 0.9), parity (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–1.2; <it>P </it>= 0.1) and placental malaria infections. In all parity blood group O was associated with a higher risk of past (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.2; <it>P </it>= 0.01) placental malaria infection. This was also true when primiparae were considered separately (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.05–6.5, <it>P </it>= 0.03).</p> <p>Among women with all placental infections/past placental infection, the mean haemoglobin was higher in women with the blood group O, but the mean birth weight, foeto-placental weight ratio was not different between these groups and the non-O group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that women of eastern Sudan are at risk for placental malaria infection irrespective to their age or parity. Those women with blood group O were at higher risk of past placental malaria infection.</p

Plasmodium falciparum Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Pregnancy Malaria Associated Gene Expression

gene.-exposed women than from men.These findings suggest that other parasite proteins, such as PFI1785w, may contribute beside VAR2CSA to the pathogenesis of PAM. These data may be very valuable for future vaccine development

Doses resulting from the inhalation of ITER generated tritiated dust

Dust particles generated in the ITER Tokamak may include some tritium. The coefficients derived to evaluate the doses resulting from the inhalation of the usual forms of tritium (gaseous, tritiated water, organic form) are not adequate for tritiated dust. This paper is a short literature study about the assessment of tritiated dust dose coefficients and their significance in worker, population and environmental protection for ITE

Prise en compte des paramètres contextuels en radioécologie post-accidentelle


Les conséquences d'un rejet radioactif accidentel sur les productions agricoles et d'élevage dépendent dans une large mesure du contexte dans lequel se sont effectués les dépôts de radioactivité : conditions et occurrence du dépôt dans les calendriers agricoles et d'affouragement des animaux. 
Ces paramètres contextuels sont une source de variation des résultats des modèles souvent plus grande que les incertitudes liées aux facteurs de transfert eux-mêmes. Ainsi, la contamination du lait de vache évolue sur plusieurs décades dans les mois qui suivent le dépôt en fonction des pratiques zootechniques d'alimentation des animaux. De même, un plant de blé qui recevrait un dépôt d'éléments radioactifs en phase de maturation aura, à la récolte, des grains 103 à 104 plus contaminés que si le dépôt était intervenu avant la montaison.
Pour élaborer un outil d'aide à la décision comme le logiciel ASTRAL, il a été nécessaire de réaliser une modélisation de la prise en compte de ces paramètres contextuels. De plus, afin d'assister l'expert dans ses évaluations, des bases de données par défaut relatives aux pratiques agricoles et d'élevage sont proposées pour la France métropolitaine. Toutefois dans le cas d'un accident réel, pour affiner les résultats, il serait important de rapidement mettre à jour ces paramètres contextuels, qui peuvent varier d'une année à l'autre.

Radiological protection in ITER

ITER will be the first fusion reactor producing much more energy than that necessary to establish and heat the plasma. This nuclear energy is mainly exported from the plasma by neutrons and deposited in the plasma facing components, generating nuclear activation. One of the elements used in the fusion reaction is tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Although some feedback may be used from in service fusion machines, such as JET in England, the ITER radiological protection issues need to be assessed as early as possible. The protection against radiological hazards is, as usual shielding, waiting for radioactive decay, limitation of airborne contaminants, reduction of exposure time, etc. This has been done in the present design and has followed a first step of ALARA studies. Radiation fields have been calculated and work effort estimated leading to the evaluation of a collective yearly dose of 356 p mSv, below the project dose target which is 500 p mSv. A second step of occupational radiological exposure studies should allow refining further the dose estimate as well as the ALARA optimization