Individual Thermal Generator and Battery Storage Bidding Strategies Based on Robust Optimization

Bidding in the day-ahead market encompasses uncertainty on market prices. To properly address this issue, dedicated optimal bidding models are constructed. Traditionally, these models have been derived for generating units, in particular thermal generators. Recently, optimal bidding models have been updated to account for specifics of energy storage, foremost battery storage. Batteries are significantly different devices than generators. On one hand, a battery can both purchase and sell electricity with practically instant change in its output power. On the other hand, a battery is energy-limited, which makes its profit very sensitive to optimal scheduling. In this paper, we examine the existing and derive new robust optimization-based optimal bidding models individually for a thermal generator and a battery storage. The models are examined in terms of the expected profit by applying the obtained bidding curves and (dis)charging schedules to actual realizations of uncertainty. Moreover, we examine the effect of the range of uncertainty caused by the selection of input scenarios. Based on the presented case studies, we form conclusions on the effectiveness of the robust optimization approach for this type of problems

Virtual human representation and communication in VLNet

[No abstract available

Electric Vehicle Aggregator as an Automatic Reserves Provider Under Uncertain Balancing Energy Procurement

peer reviewedShift of the power system generation from the fossil to the variable renewables prompted the system operators to search for new sources of flexibility, i.e., new reserve providers. With the introduction of electric vehicles, smart charging emerged as one of the promising solutions. However, electric vehicle aggregators face the uncertainty both on the reserve activation and the electric vehicle availability. These uncertainties can have a detrimental effect on both the aggregators' profitability and users' comfort. State-of-the art literature mostly neglects the reserve activation or it's uncertainty. On top of that, they rarely model European markets which are different that those commonly addressed in the literature. This paper introduces a new method for modeling the reserve activation uncertainty, also termed as balancing energy procurement in the European context, based on the real historic data from the European power system. Three electric vehicle scheduling models were designed and tested: the deterministic, the stochastic and the robust. The results demonstrate that the current deterministic approaches inaccurately represent the activation uncertainty and that the proposed models that consider uncertainty, both the stochastic and the robust, substantially improve the results. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis for the robust model was performed and it demonstrates how a decision-maker can choose its level of conservativeness, portraying its risk-awareness.9. Industry, innovation and infrastructur