Konflik Tapal Batas Desa: Tantangan Hukum dan Strategi Penyelesaian Sengketa

Sengketa batas wilayah desa merupakan permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa, terutama dalam konteks otonomi daerah. Salah satu kasus yang mencerminkan hal ini adalah sengketa antara Desa Malimongan dan Desa Tirobali di Kabupaten Luwu Utara, yang telah berlangsung lebih dari 13 tahun tanpa penyelesaian yang jelas. Meskipun regulasi seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa dan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 45 Tahun 2016 tentang Penegasan Batas Desa telah mengatur mekanisme penyelesaiannya, implementasi di lapangan masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sengketa batas wilayah desa berdasarkan ketentuan hukum yang ada serta menelusuri upaya penyelesaiannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor seperti perbedaan persepsi masyarakat, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, serta dinamika politik lokal menjadi kendala utama dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan yang lebih intensif melalui negosiasi, fasilitasi, dan mediasi agar pemerintah dan masyarakat dapat mencapai kesepakatan yang mengakomodasi kepentingan bersama. Penyelesaian sengketa batas desa membutuhkan kerja sama yang lebih baik antara pemerintah dan masyarakat guna menciptakan kepastian hukum serta stabilitas administrasi

The primary therapy chosen for patients with localized prostate cancer between the university hospital and its affiliated hospitals in Nara Uro-oncological research group registration

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We investigated the differences between the preferential primary therapy conceived by the primary doctors and the primary therapy actually conducted for prostate cancer patients in Nara, Japan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The distribution of primary therapy and clinical characteristics of 2303 prostate cancer patients - diagnosed between 2004 and 2006 at Nara Medical University and its 23 affiliated hospitals - were assessed. Moreover, the preferential primary therapy for the patients at each clinical stage (cT1-T3bN0M0) conceived by the primary doctors was investigated and compared to the actual therapy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of all patients, 51% received primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT), 30% underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), and 14% received radiation therapy (RT). The preferential primary therapy for cT1-2N0M0 was RP (92%) while 38% of the patients actually received PADT (RP: 40%). For cT3aN0M0, the preferential primary therapy was both RP and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) while 58% of the patients actually received PADT (RP: 16%, EBRT: 24%). For cT3bN0M0, the most preferential primary therapy was EBRT (46%) while 67% of the patients actually received PADT (EBRT: 21%). This trend was more notable in the affiliated hospitals than in the University hospital. The hospitals with lower volume of RP per year significantly conducted PADT compared with those with higher volume of RP.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>PADT was commonly used to treat localized prostate cancer as well as locally advanced prostate cancer in Japan. There was a definite discrepancy between the preferential primary therapy conceived by the primary doctors and the actual therapy provided to the patients.</p

Analisis Pengelolaan Hutan Kemasyarakatan di Kabupaten Barru

vii, 140 ha

Stimulation of Proteoglycan and DNA Syntheses in Chondrocytes by Centrifugation

So that the effects of biomechanical forces on the proliferation of chondrocytes and their proteoglycan synthesis could be studied, growth-plate and articular chondrocytes were maintained separately as packed masses in centrifuge tubes in the presence of 10% serum. In these conditions, the cells became re-organized into cartilaginous tissue in seven days. After ten days, they were centrifuged at gravities (g) of 1.3-27 for 24 h in a CO2 incubator. Control cells were maintained in the CO2 incubator without centrifugation. Centrifugation of growth-plate chondrocytes at 3 g resulted in a two-fold increase in incorporation of [35S]sulfate into proteoglycans, but had little effect on their [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. On the other hand, centrifugation of articular chondrocytes at 3 g for 24 h caused 1.5-fold increases in both [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. These results suggest that biomechanical forces have different effects on the growth and differentiation of articular and growth-plate chondrocytes. </jats:p