Design, cost, and advanced technology applications for a military trainer aircraft

The potential impact is examined of advanced aerodynamic and propulsive technologies in terms of operating and acquisition costs on conceptual mission and performance requirements for a future undergraduate jet pilot trainer aircraft

Study of properties of high-field superconductors at elevated temperatures Final technical report, 27 Apr. - 26 Aug. 1966

Properties of high field superconductors at high temperatures - magnetization experiments on niobium and niobium compound

On the uniform domination number of a finite simple group

Let $G$ be a finite simple group. By a theorem of Guralnick and Kantor, $G$ contains a conjugacy class $C$ such that for each non-identity element $x \in G$, there exists $y \in C$ with $G = \langle x,y\rangle$. Building on this deep result, we introduce a new invariant $\gamma_u(G)$, which we call the uniform domination number of $G$. This is the minimal size of a subset $S$ of conjugate elements such that for each $1 \ne x \in G$, there exists $s \in S$ with $G = \langle x, s \rangle$. (This invariant is closely related to the total domination number of the generating graph of $G$, which explains our choice of terminology.) By the result of Guralnick and Kantor, we have $\gamma_u(G) \leqslant |C|$ for some conjugacy class $C$ of $G$, and the aim of this paper is to determine close to best possible bounds on $\gamma_u(G)$ for each family of simple groups. For example, we will prove that there are infinitely many non-abelian simple groups $G$ with $\gamma_u(G) = 2$. To do this, we develop a probabilistic approach, based on fixed point ratio estimates. We also establish a connection to the theory of bases for permutation groups, which allows us to apply recent results on base sizes for primitive actions of simple groups.Comment: 35 pages; to appear in Trans. Amer. Math. So

A semibuoyant vehicle for general transportation missions

The concept of a small, semibuoyant, lifting-body airship with either a disposable or nondisposable buoyant fluid is discussed. Estimations of fuel consumption, payload capability, power requirements and productivity are made and compared to other flight systems. Comparisons are made on the basis of equal cost vehicles. The assumption is made that, to a first-order approximation, the costs of developing, procuring, and operating a commercial air transport vehicle are proportional to vehicle empty weight. It must be noted that no historical cost data exist for the lifting-body airship and therefore these comparisons must be considered preliminary

Cs-135 - Ba-135: A new cosmochronometric constraint on the origin of the Earth and the astrophysical site of the origin of the solar system

It is argued that if Cs-135 was indeed present in the early solar system at the level inferred from evidence presented here, then two major conclusions follow. (1) A supernova contributed newly synthesized r-process matter into the protosolar reservoir within approx. 5 Ma of the Cs/Ba fractionation recorded in LEW 86010; (2) The strong Cs depletion in the bulk Earth reservoir (Cs-133/Ba-135 approx. 0.1) took place very early in solar system history. If this volatile loss was pre-accretionary, then the accretionary chronology of the Earth is not constrained. However, if it is a consequence of accretion, then the very tight time constraint of approx. less than 5 Ma (rel. to LEW 86010) is obtained for accretion of most of the Earth's mass

Brief Consultation to Families of Treatment Refusers with Symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Does It Impact Family Accommodation and Quality of Life?

Family members are often directly and significantly impacted by the restrictive demands of OCD, a frequently disabling disorder. Family accommodation behaviors (i.e., doing things for or because of the OCD sufferer that a person would not normally do) are associated with dysfunction, including poorer treatment responses in OCD sufferers and greater distress in family members. Although evidence suggests family-based intervention can reduce symptoms in OCD sufferers who participate in treatment, there is a lack of research documenting the impact of interventions designed for the families of OCD treatment refusers (TR). Brief Family Consultation (BFC) was developed by our clinical team to help families refocus their efforts on the things that they can realistically control and change (e.g., participation in compulsions). In this crossover study, twenty families related to an individual who exhibited OCD symptoms but had refused treatment were assigned to five phone sessions of either BFC or a psychoeducation condition. Compared to this credible, attention-placebo control group (Brief Educational Support; BES), BFC (but not BES) resulted in reductions in family accommodation behavior, yet neither BFC nor BES resulted in improved quality of life for family members of treatment refusers. BFC is one of the first interventions to be evaluated for its ability to help families when their loved ones with obsessive compulsive symptoms refuse treatment. This pilot study provides new insights for clinicians and researchers to better address the needs of these neglected families

Defining the Economics Relationship Appropriate for Collective Bargaining

These are, of course, difficult times for those who share the goals of the framers of the original National Labor Relations Act (the NLRA or Act ) .\u27 As union density in the private sector has continued to decline2 and as the NLRA has proven helpless against the economic developments that have generated continuing employer resistance to collective bargaining, the original vision of the Wagner Congress must seem myopic and shaded with an excessively optimistic tint. Observing these economic developments and the enhanced impediments to union organization that they have posed makes it clear that only a much different statute could achieve the Act\u27s original goals. It is equally clear that the current Congress has little interest, and little cause for interest, in such a statute or, for that matter, in any goals of the Act that extend beyond providing legitimacy and stability to our industrial system. Nevertheless, economic and political winds may yet shift. Those who continue to believe that collective bargaining should have a central role in our modern capitalist economy may yet fruitfully inquire how government regulation might attempt to achieve that role. In this essay, I will contribute to that inquiry. I will do so not by attempting an analysis of the causes of union decline or by presenting a comprehensive regulatory framework that might be sufficient to arrest that decline and achieve the goals of the original Act. More modestly, I will focus on how the Act, as currently formulated and interpreted, cannot adequately respond to one particular set of economic arrangements that has offered employers inviting routes to evade collective bargaining and the basic compromise between capital and labor that the Act provides. My focus will be on peripheral or segmented employment arrangements. These include the structuring of economic relationships to treat workers as independent contractors not covered by the Act\u27s definition of employee and the leasing of employees from employment agencies that retain sufficient direct control over the work of the employees to be classified as the employees\u27 sole, or at least joint, employer. Perhaps most importantly, they include a firm\u27s subcontracting of work necessary to make its capital productive to independent firms, which are treated as the workers\u27 sole employers

The response of self-graviting protostellar discs to slow reduction in cooling timescale: the fragmentation boundary revisited

A number of previous studies of the fragmentation of self-gravitating protostellar discs have modeled radiative cooling with a cooling timescale (t_{cool}) parameterised as a simple multiple (beta_{cool}) of the local dynamical timescale. Such studies have delineated the `fragmentation boundary' in terms of a critical value of beta_{cool} (beta_{crit}), where the disc fragments if beta_{cool} < beta_{crit}. Such an approach however begs the question of how in reality a disc could ever be assembled with beta_{cool} < beta_{crit}. Here we adopt the more realistic approach of gradually reducing beta_{cool}, as might correspond to changes in thermal regime due to secular changes in the disc density profile. We find that when beta_{cool} is gradually reduced (on a timescale longer than t_{cool}), the disc is stabilised against fragmentation, compared with models in which beta_{cool} is reduced rapidly. We therefore conclude that a disc's ability to remain in a self-regulated, self-gravitating state (without fragmentation) is partly dependent on its thermal history, as well as its current cooling rate. Nevertheless, a slow reduction in t_{cool} appears only to lower the fragmentation boundary by about a factor two in t_{cool} and thus only permits maximum alpha values (parameterising the efficiency of angular momentum transfer in the disc) that are about a factor two higher than determined hitherto. Our results therefore do not undermine the notion of a fundamental upper limit to the heating rate that can be delivered by gravitational instabilities before the disc is subject to fragmentation. An important implication of this work, therefore, is that self-gravitating discs can enter into the regime of fragmentation via secular evolution and it is not necessary to invoke rapid (impulsive) events to trigger fragmentation.Comment: accepted for publication in MNRA

Multiemployer Bargaining, Antitrust Law, and Team Sports: The Contingent Choice of a Broad Exemption

Twenty-four years after pronouncing that Congress[ ,]... not... this Court[, must remedy] any inconsistency or illogic in the long standing exemption of baseball, but not other sports from the reach of the antitrust laws,\u27 the Supreme Court last term reduced substantially the uniqueness of Major League Baseball\u27s control over its labor market. The Court did so not by exposing baseball to antitrust attack, but rather by clarifying that restrictions on player labor mobility and freedom of contract imposed by all North American leagues of professional sports teams2 also enjoy an exemption from antitrust scrutiny as long as their labor markets are subject to collective bargaining.3 In Brown v. Pro Football, Inc.,4 the Court held that employers could conspire and agree to take actions to impose controls on a labor market, if those actions grew out of and were directly related to a multiemployer bargaining process, did not \u27offend the federal labor laws that sanction and regulate the process, affected terms of employment subject to compulsory bargaining, and concerned only parties to the collective bargaining relationship.5 All major professional team sports clubs have joined with other league clubs to bargain in multiemployer units with unions representing the athletes that they employ. As long as a multiemployer bargaining relationship exists, league-imposed restraints on player labor markets should easily meet the Court\u27s other conditions. The Brown holding, therefore, effectively enables leagues in every sport to be as free of antitrust constraints in order to control player mobility and salaries as Major League Baseball has been under its special, long standing antitrust exemption. How one greets Brown inevitably will depend in part on how one views the antitrust challenges that players have made against such league-imposed labor market restraints as restrictions on mobility between teams,\u27 rookie drafts,8 and salary caps.\u27 Those individuals who think that the antitrust laws should be concerned only with restraints on product markets, and not with restraints on input markets in general or with labor markets in particular, may welcome Brown\u27s exemption of labor market restraints. Those individuals who think that the labor market restraints typically imposed by sports leagues are reasonable under an antitrust analysis that weighs heavily the contributions of such restraints to maintaining athletic balance that enhances the league\u27s competitiveness with other forms of entertainment also may welcome the decision. Others who believe that the antitrust laws should protect a player\u27s negotiation of a free-market wage for any extraordinary services the player provides should give Brown a cold reception. This should be true for those concerned with the ultimate impact on the sports product of restraints discouraging talent development and for those concerned with insuring the extraction of a just wage for labor from a cartel of employers. Regardless of their inclinations on these ultimate issues of antitrust law, however, both sports fans and lawyers (including those who are both), have reason to lament the result in Brown. For reasons elucidated in the final section of this Article,14 sports fans interested primarily in uninterrupted presentations of athletic competition are likely to be disappointed by more work stoppages in professional sports as a result of Brown. For lawyers, whether sports fans or not, the Brown decision should be most troubling because it failed to provide a proper clarification of how antitrust law should accommodate federal labor law. The accommodation that Brown did articulate sacrificed antitrust goals to a degree unnecessary to the service of labor law goals. As explained more fully below, in order to protect established and legally approved multiemployer collective bargaining in myriad industries other than sports, the Court properly rejected the players\u27 lawyers\u27 formulation of a limited antitrust exemption that would not have protected the concerted employer action challenged in Brown. The Court, however, could have found that the challenged concerted action in Brown was not exempt from antitrust challenge under a different theory that would not have threatened multiemployer bargaining in any industry. That theory would have distinguished between joint employer actions in most industries designed to resist union efforts to use collective employee power to obtain supracompetitive wages, and those joint employer actions, as in the sports industry, unilaterally to impose restraints on free, individual employee bargaining. As a result of Brown, individuals whose special, differentiated talent would enable them to achieve extraordinary wages in a free, competitive labor market will have to make an unnecessary choice between two sets of statutory rights, those secured by federal labor laws and those secured by antitrust laws. In the near term, this choice may be imposed only on professional athletes, who both are interested in the benefits of multiemployer collective bargaining and also confront joint employer schemes to restrict their labor market. 16 In the longer term, however, the choice demanded by Brown may also unnecessarily and improperly constrain others with differentiated talent in the entertainment industry. Moreover, the Court\u27s failure in Brown to clarify the extent to which labor law requires the accommodation of antitrust law could lead to a further unnecessary expansion of the labor exemption and consequential sacrifice of antitrust goals