An Assessment of Oral Health Status and Dental Plaque of Non-Dental School Students in Turkey

Svrha: Zadatak ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati oralni status i zubni plak kod studenata upisanih na sve visoke škole, osim na Stomatološki fakultet. Ispitanici i postupci: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 308 studenta i to 238 muškaraca i 70 žena. Svi su ispunili upitnike kako bi stručnjaci skupili informacije o njihovim navikama u vezi s oralnom higijenom te na temelju tih podataka procijenili stanje njihova oralnog zdravlja. Status zubnog karijesa određivao se prema smjernicama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije za kriterije karijesa, zuba koji manjkaju i onih s ispunima te broj zahvaćenih površina. Za procjenu statusa plaka bio je odabran Silness-Löeov indeks. Osim navedenoga, zapisivalo se i koji se materijal rabio za ispune te je na kraju klinički ocijenjeno njihovo stanje. Rezultati: Svi su studenti održavali oralnu higijenu – 92,3 posto koristilo se četkicom i zubnom pastom, a 43,3 posto njih četkali su zube dva ili više puta na dan. Kod pregledanih studenata aritmetička sredina KEP-indeksa zuba iznosila je 1,54 (±1,60), a KEP-indeksa površine 7,62 (±7,85). Aritmetička sredina indeksa plaka bila je 1,01 (±0,40). KEP-indeks bio je niži kod žena negoli kod muškaraca, premda statistički razlika nije bila velika. Povezanost spola i indeksa plaka bila je statistički znatna (p=0,006) - studenti su imali više plaka od studentica. aključak: Premda su KEP-indeksi zuba studenata bili razmjerno niski i njihovo oralno zdravlje dobro, trebalo ih je obavijestiti o njihovu stanju i je li im tijekom školovanja potrebna protetska rehabilitacija.Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the oral health status, and dental plaque with that of non-dental students. Methods: 308 university students were included in this study (238 females and 70 males). A questionnaire was used to collect information on oral hygiene habits and self-reported perception of oral health status of the students. Dental caries status was evaluated using the World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for decayed, missing, and filled teeth and surface. For the evaluation of plaque status, Silness&Löe plaque index was utilized. Besides these, material of restorations worn by the students were recorded and clinically evaluated. Results: It was observed that all the students performed oral care, 92.3% used toothbrush and toothpaste for care, and the frequency of brushing the teeth twice or more a day was 43.3%. The mean DMFT index was 1.54 (±1.60), the mean DMFS index was 7.62 (±7.85) for the students. The mean plaque index of the students was 1.01 (±0.40). DMFT score was lower in females than males, however, these differences were not statistically significant. The relationship between gender and plaque was observed to be significant (p=0.006). Male students had more plaque than the female ones. Conclusions: Although DMFT and plaque indices of the students were relatively low and their perception of oral health was good, they had to be evaluated and informed about oral health status and needs of prosthetic rehabilitation during their education

Lensfree optofluidic plasmonic sensor for real-time and label-free monitoring of molecular binding events over a wide field-of-view

We demonstrate a high-throughput biosensing device that utilizes microfluidics based plasmonic microarrays incorporated with dual-color on-chip imaging toward real-time and label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions over a wide field-of-view of >20 mm^2. Weighing 40 grams with 8.8 cm in height, this biosensor utilizes an opto-electronic imager chip to record the diffraction patterns of plasmonic nanoapertures embedded within microfluidic channels, enabling real-time analyte exchange. This plasmonic chip is simultaneously illuminated by two different light-emitting-diodes that are spectrally located at the right and left sides of the plasmonic resonance mode, yielding two different diffraction patterns for each nanoaperture array. Refractive index changes of the medium surrounding the near-field of the nanostructures, e.g., due to molecular binding events, induce a frequency shift in the plasmonic modes of the nanoaperture array, causing a signal enhancement in one of the diffraction patterns while suppressing the other. Based on ratiometric analysis of these diffraction images acquired at the detector-array, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept of this biosensor by monitoring in real-time biomolecular interactions of protein A/G with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. For high-throughput on-chip fabrication of these biosensors, we also introduce a deep ultra-violet lithography technique to simultaneously pattern thousands of plasmonic arrays in a cost-effective manner

Field-portable optofluidic plasmonic biosensor for wide-field and label-free monitoring of molecular interactions

We demonstrate a field-portable optofluidic plasmonic sensing device, weighing 40 g and 7.5 cm in height, which merges plasmonic microarrays with dual-wavelength lensfree on-chip imaging for real-time monitoring of protein binding kinetics

Instructors' Problems and Solution Suggestions in the Process of Teaching Turkish Language to Foreign Students

This study was designed according to the qualitative research method aiming to determine the problems of instructors faced in the process of teaching Turkish to foreigners and the solutions proposed by them. Seven instructors working at YYU TÖMER have been participated in the study. Some of the instructors have experience of Turkish teaching to foreigners in different institutions and in different countries. The data were collected by interview technique, which is a qualitative data collection tool, analyzed by descriptive analysis and exemplified by the opinions of the participants. When examining the problems of instructors faced in the process of Turkish teaching to foreigners and the sources of these problems, it is confronted that these problems are conduced from students, the mother tongue of target group, the structure of Turkish, materials and learning environments. The most difficult skills that instructors encounter during the teaching Turkish to foreigners are grammar, writing, speaking and reading. Considering the most difficult subjects in teaching, metaphor, idioms and proverbs are in the lead. When the suggestions that the instructors have developed for furthering the success of teaching Turkish to foreigners are examined, these suggestions are directed to centers of teaching Turkish, textbooks, texts, other teaching materials, institutions, academicians, instructors conducting the courses and applied methodologies. Keywords: Turkish language to foreigners, problems and solutions, suggestion

utjecaj ambroksola na protuupalni učinak azitromicina u plućnom tkivu

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different doses of ambroxol (AMB) co-administered with azithromycin (AZIT) on the concentrations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytokines and serum biochemical parameters in an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury mouse model. A total of 78 male Swiss albino mice were used for this investigation. After six mice had been separated as the control group (0 hours), the remaining animals were divided into the following three equal groups: LPS, LPS+AZIT+AMB30 and LPS+AZIT+AMB70. LPS, AZIT and AMB were administered intraperitoneally. BALF and serum samples were collected before (0 hour) and after applications at 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours under general anaesthesia, and then all mice were euthanised by cervical dislocation. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in BALF and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine concentrations in serum were determined. Elevated TNFα and IL-6 concentrations in the LPS group were prevented at 8 and 16 hours in LPS+AZIT+AMB30 group. In addition, both treatment groups inhibited elevated IL-6 concentrations in the LPS group at 16 hours. LPS+AZIT+AMB30 and LPS+AZIT+AMB70 increased IL-10 concentrations at 16 and 4 hours, respectively. LPS caused significant elevations in urea concentrations at all sampling times and statistical fluctuations in other parameters at different sampling times. The increased ALP concentration in LPS group decreased in the treatment groups at 8 hours. In conclusion, the combination of low-dose AMB and AZIT may achieve beneficial effects in pulmonary infections by influencing the cytokine network.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti učinke dviju različitih doza ambroksola (AMB), primijenje-nih u kombinaciji s azitromicinom (AZIT), na koncentraciju citokina u bronhoalveolarnoj tekućini (BALF), odnosno na serumske biokemijske pokazatelje u slučaju akutne ozljede pluća izazvane lipopolisaharidom (LPS). Od ukupno 78 miševa, mužjaka Swiss albino soja, 6 je miševa stavljeno u kontrolnu skupinu (0 sati). Ostale životinje su podijeljene u tri jednake skupine: skupinu kojoj je dan LPS, skupinu kojoj je primijenjen LPS + AZIT + AMB30 i skupinu LPS + AZIT + AMB70. LPS, AZIT i AMB primijenjeni su intraperitonealno. BALF i uzorci seruma prikupljeni su prije aplikacije lijekova (0 sati) te 4, 8, 16 i 24 sata poslije aplikacije pod općom anestezijom, nakon čega su svi miševi eutanazirani cervikalnom dislokacijom. Određena je koncentracija tumorskog faktora nekroze alfa (TNF-α), interleukina IL-6 i IL- 10 u BALF-u te koncentracija aspartat-aminotransferaze (AST), alkalne fosfataze (ALP), uree i kreatinina u serumu. Povećanje koncen-tracije TNF-α i IL-6 u skupini kojoj je dan LPS prevenirano je u razdoblju od 8 sati, odnosno 16 sati nakon aplikacije u skupini LPS + AZIT + AMB30. Osim toga, u obje je skupine preveniran porast koncentracije IL-6 nakon 16 sati. Kombinacija LPS + AZIT + AMB30 povećala je koncen-traciju IL-10 u periodu nakon 16 sati, a kombinacija LPS + AZIT + AMB70 nakon 4 sata. LPS je uzrokovao znakovit porast koncentracije uree u svim vremenima uzorkovanja i statističku fluktua-ciju drugih pokazatelja u različitim vremenima uzorkovanja. Povećana koncentracija ALP-a u skupini LPS smanjena je u pokusnim skupinama nakon 8 sati. Zaključeno je da kombinacija male do-ze AMB-a i AZIT-a može blagotvorno djelovati na plućne infekcije putem utjecaja na mrežu citokina

İsotretinoin tedavisine bağlı gelişen sakroiliitte metil İsotretinoin dramatik yanıt: Olgu sunumu

Acne vulgaris is a disorder that affects the pilosebaceous follicles on the skin. Isotretinoin is used in the treatment of severe acne and it may have side effects such as arthritis, myalgia, hyperostosis, sacroiliitis in the musculoskeletal system. Rarely seen sacroiliitis is usually recovered by discontinuation of isotretinoin. In this article, it was presented that a 19-year-old patient with bilateral and widespread sacroiliitis as a result of isotretionin use. Despite the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sacroiliitis, which did not regress, responded dramatically to methyl prednisolone treatment

Cubital tunnel syndrome secondary to gouty tophi: A case report

Gout is a chronic rheumatic disease resulting from accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in tissues. The most important risk factor for the disease is hyperuricaemia. Precipitation of uric acid in the joint in the form of monosodium urate crystals is the main factor responsible for triggering attacks of arthritis. Tophi occur as a result of urate crystals that precipitate into joints and surrounding tissues. Tophi can erode the bone where they are located and cause compression in soft tissue due to a mass effect. The following case report describes a case of cubital tunnel syndrome developed in association with tophaceous compression and resolved with surgical decompression in a patient with chronic gouty arthritis

The relationship between C-reactive protein rs3091244 polymorphism and ankylosing spondylitis

AimsPrevious studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphism can be related to inflammatory changes. The present study aimed to examine the association between CRP gene polymorphism and clinical and laboratory findings in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Materials and methodsA total of 80 patients, 40 with AS and 40 controls, were included in the study. Diagnosis of AS was made according to Assessment in AS International Working Group criteria. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index scores were evaluated. CRP gene C, A and T alleles were evaluated and were determined using the analysis of melting curves after real time polymerase chain reaction. The odds ratios were calculated for all alleles and haploids of the CRP gene. We investigated the relationship between the CRP polymorphism and clinical and laboratory findings. ResultsA, C, T allele frequencies in the control group were 15%, 57.5% and 27.5%. The allele frequencies in the AS group were 38%, 68.8% and 26.2%. While C and T allele frequencies were shown to be similar in the two groups, A allele frequency was higher in the AS group compared to the control group. The CC wild allele was 42.5% in the control group and 47.5% in the AS group (P = 1.0). Odds ratios for the C allele were 1.6, for the CC haploid 1.2 and for the CT haploid 3.7. Chest expansion and finger-to-ground distance was better in the CRP gene polymorphism group compared to the no polymorphism group. ConclusionThe presence of the CRP gene CC wild haploid and C allele in patients may indicate an increased risk for AS

Handheld high-throughput plasmonic biosensor using computational on-chip imaging

We demonstrate a handheld on-chip biosensing technology that employs plasmonic microarrays coupled with a lens-free computational imaging system towards multiplexed and high-throughput screening of biomolecular interactions for point-of-care applications and resource-limited settings. This lightweight and field-portable biosensing device, weighing 60 g and 7.5 cm tall, utilizes a compact optoelectronic sensor array to record the diffraction patterns of plasmonic nanostructures under uniform illumination by a single-light emitting diode tuned to the plasmonic mode of the nanoapertures. Employing a sensitive plasmonic array design that is combined with lens-free computational imaging, we demonstrate label-free and quantitative detection of biomolecules with a protein layer thickness down to 3 nm. Integrating large-scale plasmonic microarrays, our on-chip imaging platform enables simultaneous detection of protein mono- and bilayers on the same platform over a wide range of biomolecule concentrations. In this handheld device, we also employ an iterative phase retrieval-based image reconstruction method, which offers the ability to digitally image a highly multiplexed array of sensors on the same plasmonic chip, making this approach especially suitable for high-throughput diagnostic applications in field settings

The effect of Allium sp on the extension of lipolysis and proteolysis in Van herby cheese during maturation

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herb (Allium sp.) on biochemical changes of herby cheese produced in Turkey. Raw cows' milk was used for cheese manufacture. Five groups of cheeses, containing 0 (as control). 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% herb, were produced and coded as K, A, B, C, and D respectively. All cheese groups were ripened at 8 degrees C for 90 days. Samples were taken from cheeses after 3, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days, and analysed for Lipolysis las acid degree value) and proteolysis (water-soluble nitrogen. TCA-soluble nitrogen, and PTA-soluble nitrogen). It was found that lipolysis in herby cheeses increased with increasing herb addition, and the increase in lipolysis degree was significant (P < 0.05) in cheese D. Water-soluble N, TCA-soluble N, and PTA-soluble N as indicator of proteolysis degrees were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing herb ratios