Quantum anomaly of the transverse Ward-Takahashi relation for the axial-vector vertex

We study the possible quantum anomaly for the transverse Ward-Takahashi relations in four dimensional gauge theories based on the method of computing the axial-vector and the vector current operator equations. In addition to the well-known anomalous axial-vector divergence equation (the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly), we find the anomalous axial-vector curl equation, which leads to the quantum anomaly of the transverse Ward-Takahashi relation for the axial-vector vertex. The computation shows that there is no anomaly for the transverse Ward-Takahashi relation for the vector vertex.Comment: 6 pages, LaTe

Feature-Fused SSD: Fast Detection for Small Objects

Small objects detection is a challenging task in computer vision due to its limited resolution and information. In order to solve this problem, the majority of existing methods sacrifice speed for improvement in accuracy. In this paper, we aim to detect small objects at a fast speed, using the best object detector Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) with respect to accuracy-vs-speed trade-off as base architecture. We propose a multi-level feature fusion method for introducing contextual information in SSD, in order to improve the accuracy for small objects. In detailed fusion operation, we design two feature fusion modules, concatenation module and element-sum module, different in the way of adding contextual information. Experimental results show that these two fusion modules obtain higher mAP on PASCALVOC2007 than baseline SSD by 1.6 and 1.7 points respectively, especially with 2-3 points improvement on some smallobjects categories. The testing speed of them is 43 and 40 FPS respectively, superior to the state of the art Deconvolutional single shot detector (DSSD) by 29.4 and 26.4 FPS. Code is available at https://github.com/wnzhyee/Feature-Fused-SSD. Keywords: small object detection, feature fusion, real-time, single shot multi-box detectorComment: Artificial Intelligence;8 pages,8 figure

Checking the transverse Ward-Takahashi relation at one loop order in 4-dimensions

Some time ago Takahashi derived so called {\it transverse} relations relating Green's functions of different orders to complement the well-known Ward-Green-Takahashi identities of gauge theories by considering wedge rather than inner products. These transverse relations have the potential to determine the full fermion-boson vertex in terms of the renormalization functions of the fermion propagator. He & Yu have given an indicative proof at one-loop level in 4-dimensions. However, their construct involves the 4th rank Levi-Civita tensor defined only unambiguously in 4-dimensions exactly where the loop integrals diverge. Consequently, here we explicitly check the proposed transverse Ward-Takahashi relation holds at one loop order in $d$-dimensions, with $d=4+\epsilon$.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures This version corrects and clarifies the previous result. This version has been submitted for publicatio

Muon Acceleration in Cosmic-ray Sources

Many models of ultra-high energy cosmic-ray production involve acceleration in linear accelerators located in Gamma-Ray Bursts magnetars, or other sources. These source models require very high accelerating gradients, $10^{13}$ keV/cm, with the minimum gradient set by the length of the source. At gradients above 1.6 keV/cm, muons produced by hadronic interactions undergo significant acceleration before they decay. This acceleration hardens the neutrino energy spectrum and greatly increases the high-energy neutrino flux. We rule out many models of linear acceleration, setting strong constraints on plasma wakefield accelerators and on models for sources like Gamma Ray Bursts and magnetars.Comment: 5 pgs. submitted for publicatio

A Note on Transverse Axial Vector and Vector Anomalies in U(1) Gauge Theories

The transverse axial vector and vector anomalies in four-dimensional U(1) gauge theories studied in [10] is reexamined by means of perturbative methods. The absence of transverse anomalies for both axial vector and vector current is verified. We also show that the Pauli-Villars regularization and dimensional regularization give the same result on the transverse anomaly of both axial vector and vector current.Comment: Revtex4, 8 pages, two figures. Largely revised, using the Pauli-Villars regularization instead of dimensional regularization in the main proof. Final form to be published in Physics Letters

Unified criteria for multipartite quantum nonlocality

Wiseman and co-workers (Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 140402, 2007) proposed a distinction between the nonlocality classes of Bell's nonlocality, steering and entanglement based on whether or not an overseer trusts each party in a bipartite scenario where they are asked to demonstrate entanglement. Here we extend that concept to the multipartite case and derive inequalities that progressively test for those classes of nonlocality, with different thresholds for each level. This framework includes the three classes of nonlocality above in special cases and introduces a family of others.Comment: V2: corrected image display; V3: substantial changes including new proofs, arguments, and result

Highly porous mullite ceramics from engineered alkali activated suspensions

Air may be easily incorporated by vigorous mechanical stirring, with the help of surfactants, of activated geopolymer-yielding suspensions. The cellular structure is stabilized by the viscosity increase caused by curing reactions, configuring an inorganic gel casting. The present paper is aimed at extending this approach to mullite foams, obtained by the thermal treatment of engineered alkali activated suspensions. Green foams were first obtained by gel casting of a suspension for Na-geopolymer enriched with reactive -Al2O3 powders. Sodium was later extracted by ionic exchange with ammonium salts. In particular, the removal of Na+ ions was achieved by immersion in ammonium nitrate solution overnight, with retention of the cellular structure. Finally, the ion-exchanged foams were successfully converted into pure mullite foams by application of a firing treatment at 1300 degrees C, for 1hour. Preliminary results concerning the extension of the concept to mullite three-dimensional scaffolds are presented as well

Dynamical preparation of EPR entanglement in two-well Bose-Einstein condensates

We propose to generate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement between groups of atoms in a two-well Bose-Einstein condensate using a dynamical process similar to that employed in quantum optics. The local nonlinear S-wave scattering interaction has the effect of creating a spin squeezing at each well, while the tunneling, analogous to a beam splitter in optics, introduces an interference between these fields that results in an inter-well entanglement. We consider two internal modes at each well, so that the entanglement can be detected by measuring a reduction in the variances of the sums of local Schwinger spin observables. As is typical of continuous variable (CV) entanglement, the entanglement is predicted to increase with atom number, and becomes sufficiently strong at higher numbers of atoms that the EPR paradox and steering non-locality can be realized. The entanglement is predicted using an analytical approach and, for larger atom numbers, stochastic simulations based on truncated Wigner function. We find generally that strong tunnelling is favourable, and that entanglement persists and is even enhanced in the presence of realistic nonlinear losses.Comment: 15 pages, 19 figure

Bell inequalities for Continuous-Variable Measurements

Tests of local hidden variable theories using measurements with continuous variable (CV) outcomes are developed, and a comparison of different methods is presented. As examples, we focus on multipartite entangled GHZ and cluster states. We suggest a physical process that produces the states proposed here, and investigate experiments both with and without binning of the continuous variable. In the former case, the Mermin-Klyshko inequalities can be used directly. For unbinned outcomes, the moment-based CFRD inequalities are extended to functional inequalities by considering arbitrary functions of the measurements at each site. By optimising these functions, we obtain more robust violations of local hidden variable theories than with either binning or moments. Recent inequalities based on the algebra of quaternions and octonions are compared with these methods. Since the prime advantage of CV experiments is to provide a route to highly efficient detection via homodyne measurements, we analyse the effect of noise and detection losses in both binned and unbinned cases. The CV moment inequalities with an optimal function have greater robustness to both loss and noise. This could permit a loophole-free test of Bell inequalities.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Enhanced Management of Personal Astronomical Data with FITSManager

Although the roles of data centers and computing centers are becoming more and more important, and on-line research is becoming the mainstream for astronomy, individual research based on locally hosted data is still very common. With the increase of personal storage capacity, it is easy to find hundreds to thousands of FITS files in the personal computer of an astrophysicist. Because Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a professional data format initiated by astronomers and used mainly in the small community, data management toolkits for FITS files are very few. Astronomers need a powerful tool to help them manage their local astronomical data. Although Virtual Observatory (VO) is a network oriented astronomical research environment, its applications and related technologies provide useful solutions to enhance the management and utilization of astronomical data hosted in an astronomer's personal computer. FITSManager is such a tool to provide astronomers an efficient management and utilization of their local data, bringing VO to astronomers in a seamless and transparent way. FITSManager provides fruitful functions for FITS file management, like thumbnail, preview, type dependent icons, header keyword indexing and search, collaborated working with other tools and online services, and so on. The development of the FITSManager is an effort to fill the gap between management and analysis of astronomical data.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in New Astronom