Sequence to Sequence Mixture Model for Diverse Machine Translation

Sequence to sequence (SEQ2SEQ) models often lack diversity in their generated translations. This can be attributed to the limitation of SEQ2SEQ models in capturing lexical and syntactic variations in a parallel corpus resulting from different styles, genres, topics, or ambiguity of the translation process. In this paper, we develop a novel sequence to sequence mixture (S2SMIX) model that improves both translation diversity and quality by adopting a committee of specialized translation models rather than a single translation model. Each mixture component selects its own training dataset via optimization of the marginal loglikelihood, which leads to a soft clustering of the parallel corpus. Experiments on four language pairs demonstrate the superiority of our mixture model compared to a SEQ2SEQ baseline with standard or diversity-boosted beam search. Our mixture model uses negligible additional parameters and incurs no extra computation cost during decoding.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, accepted to CoNLL201

Waveform acquisition with resolutions exceeding those of the ADCs employed

This chapter discusses various software/firmware and hardware methods and architectures to improve the fidelity of the acquired waveforms beyond the vertical and horizontal resolutions that are possible with the ADC employed. The applicability of these approaches, and the limits on the enhancements that are achievable, depend upon the nature of the acquired waveform, and they are presented separately for one-shot, repeatable and repetitive waveforms. The possibilities of combining applicable methods in order to simultaneously increase both resolutions are also discussed. The consideration is illustrated by the simulation results and the acquired experimental waveforms relevant to the ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation

A performance comparison of the contiguous allocation strategies in 3D mesh connected multicomputers

The performance of contiguous allocation strategies can be significantly affected by the distribution of job execution times. In this paper, the performance of the existing contiguous allocation strategies for 3D mesh multicomputers is re-visited in the context of heavy-tailed distributions (e.g., a Bounded Pareto distribution). The strategies are evaluated and compared using simulation experiments for both First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and Shortest-Service-Demand (SSD) scheduling strategies under a variety of system loads and system sizes. The results show that the performance of the allocation strategies degrades considerably when job execution times follow a heavy-tailed distribution. Moreover, SSD copes much better than FCFS scheduling strategy in the presence of heavy-tailed job execution times. The results also show that the strategies that depend on a list of allocated sub-meshes for both allocation and deallocation have lower allocation overhead and deliver good system performance in terms of average turnaround time and mean system utilization

Tip110 Regulates the Cross Talk between p53 and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α under Hypoxia and Promotes Survival of Cancer Cells

Hypoxia often occurs under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including solid tumors; it is linked to malignant transformation, metastatic progression, and treatment failure or resistance. Tip110 protein plays important roles in several known physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cancers. Thus, in the present study we investigated the regulation of Tip110 expression under hypoxia. Hypoxia led to Tip110 protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Under hypoxia, Tip110 stabilized p53, which in return destabilized Tip110. In addition, Tip110 regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), likely through enhancement of its protein stability. Furthermore, Tip110 upregulated p300, a known coactivator for both p53 and HIF-1α. Expression of a p53(22/23) mutant deficient in p300 binding accelerated Tip110 degradation under hypoxia. Tip110 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death in the presence of p53. Finally, significantly less Tip110, p53, and HIF-1α was detected in the hypoxic region of bone metastasis tumors in a mouse model of human melanoma cells. Taken together, these results suggest Tip110 is an important mediator in the cross talk between p53 and HIF-1α in response to hypoxic stress

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) salinity power plant : development and comparison of different techniques

This paper presents two new methods for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) salinity power plant, including mass feedback control (MFC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). First, a brief overview of perturb & observe (P&O) and incremental mass resistance (IMR) control is given as those two methods have already demonstrated their merit in good control performance. Then, two new methods employing variable-step strategy, MFC and FLC, are proposed to address the trade-off relationship between rise-time and oscillation of P&O and IMR. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used for finding the optimum parameters of membership functions of FLC. From the case-study of start-up of the PRO adopting MPPT control, MFC and FLC have shown faster convergence to the target performance without oscillation compared with P&O and IMR. These four MPPT techniques are further evaluated in case-studies of state transitions of the PRO due to operational fluctuations. It is proven that the MPPT using FLC and modified MFC has better performance than the other two methods. Finally, the paper reports a comparison of major characteristics of the four MPPT methods, which could be considered as guidance for selecting a MPPT technique for the PRO in practice

Radiation mitigation of the intestinal acute radiation injury in mice by 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine.

The objective of the study was to identify the mechanism of action for a radiation mitigator of the gastrointestinal (GI) acute radiation syndrome (ARS), identified in an unbiased high-throughput screen. We used mice irradiated with a lethal dose of radiation and treated with daily injections of the radiation mitigator 1-[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine to study its effects on key pathways involved in intestinal stem cell (ISC) maintenance. RNASeq, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry were performed to identify pathways engaged after drug treatment. Target validation was performed with competition assays, reporter cells, and in silico docking. 1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]-4-phenylpiperazine activates Hedgehog signaling by binding to the transmembrane domain of Smoothened, thereby expanding the ISC pool, increasing the number of regenerating crypts and preventing the GI-ARS. We conclude that Smoothened is a target for radiation mitigation in the small intestine that could be explored for use in radiation accidents as well as to mitigate normal tissue toxicity during and after radiotherapy of the abdomen

An evaluation of membrane properties and process characteristics of a scaled-up pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process

YesThis work presents a systematic evaluation of the membrane and process characteristics of a scaled-up pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). In order to meet pre-defined membrane economic viability ( ≥ 5 W/m2), different operating conditions and design parameters are studied with respect to the increase of the process scale, including the initial flow rates of the draw and feed solution, operating pressure, membrane permeability-selectivity, structural parameter, and the efficiency of the high-pressure pump (HP), energy recovery device (ERD) and hydro-turbine (HT). The numerical results indicate that the performance of the scaled-up PRO process is significantly dependent on the dimensionless flow rate. Furthermore, with the increase of the specific membrane scale, the accumulated solute leakage becomes important. The membrane to achieve the optimal performance moves to the low permeability in order to mitigate the reverse solute permeation. Additionally, the counter-current flow scheme is capable to increase the process performance with a higher permeable and less selectable membrane compared to the co-current flow scheme. Finally, the inefficiencies of the process components move the optimal APD occurring at a higher dimensionless flow rate to reduce the energy losses in the pressurization and at a higher specific membrane scale to increase energy generation