The Next 1616 Higher Spin Currents and Three-Point Functions in the Large N=4{\cal N}=4 Holography

By using the known operator product expansions (OPEs) between the lowest $16$ higher spin currents of spins $(1, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, 2,2,2,2,2,2, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3)$ in an extension of the large ${\cal N}=4$ linear superconformal algebra, one determines the OPEs between the lowest $16$ higher spin currents in an extension of the large ${\cal N}=4$ nonlinear superconformal algebra for generic $N$ and $k$. The Wolf space coset contains the group $G =SU(N+2)$ and the affine Kac-Moody spin $1$ current has the level $k$. The next $16$ higher spin currents of spins $(2,\frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3,3,3,3,3,3, \frac{7}{2}, \frac{7}{2}, \frac{7}{2}, \frac{7}{2},4)$ arise in the above OPEs. The most general lowest higher spin $2$ current in this multiplet can be determined in terms of affine Kac-Moody spin $\frac{1}{2}, 1$ currents. By careful analysis of the zero mode (higher spin) eigenvalue equations, the three-point functions of bosonic higher spin $2, 3, 4$ currents with two scalars are obtained for finite $N$ and $k$. Furthermore, we also analyze the three-point functions of bosonic higher spin $2, 3, 4$ currents in the extension of the large ${\cal N}=4$ linear superconformal algebra. It turns out that the three-point functions of higher spin $2,3$ currents in the two cases are equal to each other at finite $N$ and $k$. Under the large $(N,k)$ 't Hooft limit, the two descriptions for the three-point functions of higher spin $4$ current coincide with each other. The higher spin extension of $SO(4)$ Knizhnik Bershadsky algebra is described.Comment: 94 pages; The 43 and 44 pages added, the mathematica notebook files included and to appear epj

Crystal structures and thermal expansion of alpha-MgSO4 and beta-MgSO4 from 4.2 to 300 K by neutron powder diffraction

Detailed neutron powder diffraction measurements have been carried out on two polymorphs of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, alpha-MgSO4 and beta-MgSO4. alpha-MgSO4 is orthorhombic, space group Cmcm (Z = 4); at 4.2 K the unit-cell dimensions are a = 5.16863 (3), b = 7.86781 (5), c = 6.46674 (5) angstrom, V = 262.975 (2) angstrom(3) [rho(calc) = 3040.16 (2) kg m(-3)], and at 300 K, a = 5.17471 (3), b = 7.87563 (5), c = 6.49517 (5) angstrom, V = 264.705 (2) angstrom(3) [rho(calc) = 3020.29 (2) kg m(-3)]. The axial and volumetric thermal expansion coefficients are positive at all temperatures and exhibit no unusual behaviour. Structures were refined at 4.2 and 300 K to R-P < 3%; less precise structural parameters were determined during warming from 4.2 to 300 K. beta-MgSO4 has a more complex structure, crystallizing in space group Pbnm (Z = 4); the unit-cell dimensions at 4.2 K are a = 4.73431 (8), b = 8.58170 (12), c = 6.67266 (11) angstrom, V = 271.100 (5) angstrom(3) [rho(calc) = 2949.04 (5) kg m(-3)], and at 300 K, a = 4.74598 (7), b = 8.58310 (10), c = 6.70933 (10) angstrom, V = 273.306 (4) angstrom(3) [rho(calc) = 2925.42 (4) kg m(-3)]. The thermal expansivities of the a and c axes, and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, are positive at all temperatures and normally behaved. However, the thermal expansion of the b axis is both very small and negative below similar to 125 K. Structural and thermal motion parameters for beta-MgSO4 as a function of temperature are also reported

배경지식이 번역 과정에 미치는 영향

번역이란 이종 문화 간 의사소통 행위이며 번역사는 그 두 개의 서로 다른 문화 간 가교 역할을 담당하는 의사 소통자이다. 그렇다면 이 의사 소통자가 훌륭하게 자신의 역할을 수행하려면 어떤 종류의 능력을 갖추어야 할 것인가?이러한 질문을 바탕으로 본 논문은 번역 행위에서 가장 중요한 요소 가운데 하나인 배경 지식이 번역 과정에 미치는 영향을 이론적으로 고찰해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 번역사의 행위로서의 번역 과정을 연구하되, 번역 과정에 대한 기존의 연구를 소개함과 더불어 번역 과정을 분석한 다음, 이를 출발어 텍스트의 읽기 및 이해 과정인 제 1 단계 그리고 재 표현 과정인 도착어 텍스트 생산 단계 즉 제 2 단계로 나누어 소개하고자 한다. 마지막으로 배경 지식이 이 번역 과정에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 배경 지식의 중요성을 강조하고 번역 교육의 적절한 방향을 위한 하나의 기준을 제시하고자 한다.La traduction est une activité de communication interculturelle et le traducteur devient un médiateur de communication entre deux cultures différentes. De quel genre de techniques a besoin ce médiateur pour être compétent ? Cet article tend à découvrir l’influence des connaissances de base sur le processus de la traduction. Tout d’abord, le processus sera analysé en tant qu’activité de traducteur, présentant les études antérieures dans ce domaine. Le processus sera considéré en deux étapes : lecture et compréhension du texte source ; réexpression et production du texte cible. Finalement, nous espérons que l’analyse du processus permettra de vérifier l’influence des connaissances de base afin de mettre en lumière l’importance de ces dernières et d’en tenir compte dans la formation des apprentis traducteurs.Translation is an intercultural communication activity and the translator is a communicator between two different cultures. So what kind of skills does s/he need to be a competent communicator? This paper aims to find out how background knowledge can affect the process of translation. First of all, in this paper, the process of translation will be analyzed as an activity of the translator, introducing previous studies about the given process. The analysis will be divided into two steps; reading and understanding of source text, re-expression or production of target text. Finally, the effects of background knowledge will be proved in this process analysis in order to emphasize its importance and clearly present a proper direction in translation teaching

The Operator Product Expansions in the N=4{\cal N}=4 Orthogonal Wolf Space Coset Model

Some of the operator product expansions (OPEs) between the lowest $SO(4)$ singlet higher spin-$2$ multiplet of spins $(2, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, \frac{7}{2}, \frac{7}{2}, \frac{7}{2}, \frac{7}{2}, 4)$ in an extension of the large ${\cal N}=4$ (non)linear superconformal algebra were constructed in the ${\cal N}=4$ superconformal coset $\frac{SO(N+4)}{SO(N) \times SO(4)}$ theory with $N=4$ previously. In this paper, by rewriting the above OPEs with $N=5$, the remaining undetermined OPEs are completely determined. There exist additional $SO(4)$ singlet higher spin-$2$ multiplet, six $SO(4)$ adjoint higher spin-$3$ multiplets, four $SO(4)$ vector higher spin-$\frac{7}{2}$ multiplets, $SO(4)$ singlet higher spin-$4$ multiplet and four $SO(4)$ vector higher spin-$\frac{9}{2}$ multiplets in the right hand side of these OPEs. Furthermore, by introducing the arbitrary coefficients in front of the composite fields in the right hand sides of the above complete 136 OPEs, the complete structures of the above OPEs are obtained by using various Jacobi identities for generic $N$. Finally, we describe them as one single ${\cal N}=4$ super OPE between the above lowest $SO(4)$ singlet higher spin-$2$ multiplet in the ${\cal N}=4$ superspace.Comment: 40 pages, the mathematica ancillary files included; footnotes 5 and 8 and appendix E adde

Modelling soil erosion and transport in the Burrishoole catchment, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland

The Burrishoole catchment is situated in County Mayo, on the northwest coast of the Republic of Ireland. Much of the catchment is covered by blanket peat that, in many areas, has become heavily eroded in recent years. This is thought to be due, primarily, to the adverse effects of forestry and agricultural activities in the area. Such activities include ploughing, drainage, the planting and harvesting of trees, and sheep farming, all of which are potentially damaging to such a sensitive landscape if not managed carefully. This article examines the sediment yield and hydrology of the Burrishoole catchment. Flow and sediment concentrations were measured at 8-hourly intervals from 5 February 2001 to 8 November 2001 with an automatic sampler and separate flow gauge, and hourly averages were recorded between 4 July 2002 and 6 September 2002 using an automatic river monitoring system [ARMS]. The authors describe the GIS-based model of soil erosion and transport that was applied to the Burrishoole catchment during this study. The results of these analyses were compared, in a qualitative manner, with the aerial photography available for the Burrishoole catchment to see whether areas that were predicted to contribute large proportions of eroded material to the drainage network corresponded with areas where peat erosion could be identified through photo-interpretation