The Arnold’s Cove Breakwater Project

ABSTRACT Arnold’s Cove is a small community located on the isthmus of the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland. It had its beginning in the early 1800’s as a fishing community. The turn of the century brought the Newfoundland railway located only 3 miles from Arnold’s Cove bringing economic growth through employment and trade. The resettlement of isolated communities brought 122 families to Arnold’s Cove and further economic growth. The moratorium in 1992 slowed the growth of most ‘outport’ communities around Newfoundland. However, with close proximity to the Bull Arm construction site, the North Atlantic Refining Ltd. Oil refinery and the Newfoundland Transshipment terminal, Arnold’s Cove has revived its future for many years to come. Since the moratorium on the cod fishery, the types of watercraft that use the wharf in Arnold’s Cove have changed. There are more pleasure craft and larger fishing vessels than before. With the changing climate there are now larger storms such as Hurricane Igor and greater need to protect the wharf from harsh wave action and storm undertow conditions. To protect the wharf from these elements the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Small Craft Harbours Branch (DFO SCH) requested to construct a Rubble Mound Breakwater. This Breakwater is to protect the existing wharf infrastructure and provide safe access to the wharf and meet operations requirements of facility users. This is to comply with DFO SCH’s mandate to keep harbours critical to the fishing industry open and in good repair. The following paper will highlight the economic advantages of the breakwater, a brief project description, challenges presented with construction and environmental implication

John the Baptist in the context of contemporary religious movements within Judaism

PURPOSE: This thesis endeavors to study the figure of John the Baptist in the context of contemporary religious movements within Judaism. The justification for the thesis lies in two specific areas: firstly, the growing reappreciation of the Gospel of John in the light of the Qumran discoveries and of its value as a source of information for Christian beginnings; and, secondly, the recognition that several leading studies on John the Baptist fail to allow for sufficient variety and vitality within Judaism to provide the proper and sufficient background for understanding John the Baptist.METHOD: The writer examined the accounts of the life and message of John the Baptist in the New Testament and the writings of Flavius Josephus in order to discover a consistent portrait of John which would accurately reflect the data available. Particular attention was given to the question of the reliability of the Fourth Gospel as a source of information and the accuracy of the picture of John the Baptist found therein. The emphasis in contemporary Judaism on such points as repentance, judgment, and messianic expectations was studied and compared with that of John the Baptist. Possible sources of the origin of the rite of baptism were studied with particular emphasis on Essene lustrations and proselyte baptism. Finally the question of the possible continuation of John's movement was examined along with the account of John's death and its significance.CONCLUSIONS: John the Baptist stands solidly in the context of contemporary Judaism, but a Judaism which is vital and changing and in which a rigid and fixed structure of Hebrew thought was not to be found. His whole life, his message, and his rite of baptism were seen to have been centered around the reconstituting of the people of God and the anticipation of the coming Mightier One. The consistent thread which bound together the various accounts of John's life was the preparation for a new beginning of the Hebrew nation which by its sinfulness had become apostate. John's birth narrative reflected the heroic figures of early Hebrew history. His desert experience clearly was to be associated with the Exodus tradition and the entering into the Promised Land. The Fourth Gospel proved to be a trustworthy source concerning John the Baptist and provided both additional information and necessary correction to the Synoptic account. Pf*om the Fourth Gospel it becomes evident that Jesus had been associated with John the Baptist and had gradually withdrawn from that movement as a result of Jesus' inability to reform the old way. The rite of baptism having its roots in proselyte baptism was related to the re¬ mission of past sin, but also anticipated the new age of the Mightier One who was a national lessiah. In his relationship with Jesus John saw in him the national figure, but one who was not fulfilling this in the way John expected. With his death John the Baptist's movement dwindled and some of his followers were assimilated into the Christian movement as a natural outcome of their leader's message and mission. Though some of John's followers may have continued in an independent group no evidence was found which indicated that such a group posed a threat to the Christian movement or created a literature of its own in honor oi its martyred leader

Molecular characterization of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from livestock (bovine and swine)

Aim: The aim of this study was to figure the prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance (AR) pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine and swine nares. Materials and Methods: Colonies with typical morphology on Baird-Parker agar supplemented with egg-yolk tellurite emulsion were selected and biochemically/genotypically identified as S. aureus. These strains were further subjected to epsilometer test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics and antibiotic susceptibility testing for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and double-disk diffusion testing was performed by the standard disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. S. aureus strains were also tested for the presence of AR genes, viz., blaZ, mecA, aacA-aphD, erm (ermA, ermB, ermC), tet (efflux genes tetK and tetL, tetM and tetO of the ribosomal protection family), and vanA. Results: The nasal cavities of 17 out of 47 randomly selected bovine and 20 out of 28 randomly selected swine were positive for S. aureus, representing the prevalence of 36.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.5-49.9) and 71.4% (95% CI: 54.7-88.1), respectively. Most of the S. aureus strains showed higher resistance to penicillin (94.6%, minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] =1.5 μg/ml) followed by ciprofloxacin (56.7%, MIC =32 μg/ml) and tetracycline (18.9%, MIC =32 μg/ml). About 10-15% of the strains were resistant to gentamicin (MIC 16 μg/ml) and oxacillin (MIC 6-8 μg/ml). None of the strains were resistant to vancomycin (MIC 0.25-1.5 μg/ml). In this study, 32.4% strains were resistant to three or more than three antibiotics and prevalence of this multi-drug resistant S. aureus was 45% (95% CI: 26.6-63.4) and 17.6% (95% CI: 6.7- 28.5) in swine and bovine nasal samples, respectively. Four strains from pigs were borderline oxacillin-resistant S. aureus MIC 6-8 μg/ml, but none were mecA positive. Two of these strains were β-lactamase hyperproducers. Among the resistance genes blaZ, tetK, tetL, tetM, ermB, and aacA-aphD were found. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the absence of mecA and pvl gene, but the presence of multi-drug resistant S. aureus in the nares of healthy animals which has a potential to spread in a community

Book Review: Wells, Gordon. (Ed.). (2001). Action, talk, and text: learning and teaching through inquiry. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.

In 1990, Marilyn Cochrane-Smith and Susan Lytle argued that What is missing from the knowledge base for teaching are the voices of the teachers themselves, the questions teachers ask, the ways teachers use writing and intentional talk in their work lives, and the interpretive frames teachers use to understand and improve their own classroom practices. The ultimate goal for teachers is the enhanced learning of their students

6-Mercaptopurine and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Hidden Ground for the Cytomegalovirus

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine are important drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but their actions suppress host defense against infection. A challenging case of a 19-year-old female patient with quiescent Crohn’s disease maintained with 6-MP presenting with dyspnea and a normal chest exam and x-ray is presented. She became ventilator-dependent and only after numerous investigations was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis. A systematic literature review of CMV infections in IBD patients was performed. The present case is the first report of a patient with quiescent IBD maintained on 6-MP who developed CMV pneumonitis. Other reports have identified patients with active disease on multiple immunosuppressants who developed CMV pneumonitis and also highlight the risk of CMV colitis in refractory IBD. The authors review the approach to the diagnosis of CMV infections in IBD patients with atypical pneumonia and colitis and highlight the importance of considering CMV infection in these settings

Hookey Letters Index: Royal Society Collection

Henry Jacob Hookey (c 1805 - 1879) of Longford was a solicitor, admitted in 1839, and practised in Launceston. RS. 10

Patient Perceptions of Natural Orifice Translumenal Surgery

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is on the forefront of surgical technique, but existing research has produced mixed results regarding factors associated with interest in the procedure. Our objective was to ascertain patient opinions at a Canadian centre regarding scarless surgery. A survey comprising demographic data (gender, age, body mass index [BMI]), interest in NOTES, impact of increased risk, as well as importance of further research and shorter recovery time was administered to volunteer patients at outpatient general surgery clinics. Nonparametric tests were utilized to examine difference in response by age, sex, BMI, and preexisting scars. Of the 335 participants (57% female, mean age of 54.5 ± 15.9 years, mean BMI of 28.7 ± 6.9), the majority (83%) showed some interest, but this dropped to 38% when additional risk was factored in. Generally, women, those under 50 years of age and those of healthy weight, were more interested than male, older, and/or heavier patients. Most felt that research into NOTES and reduced length of inpatient stay were important (80% and 95%, respectively). Further investigation into objective NOTES outcomes are needed to provide patients adequate data to make an informed choice regarding surgical route

Recognizing the Clinical Contraindications to the Use of Oral Sodium Phosphate for Colon Cleansing: A Case Study

Oral sodium phosphate has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials to be an effective and well-tolerated colonic cleansing agent. However, there exists a potential to induce shifts in intravascular volume. The phosphate load often results in hyperphosphatemia, which may precipitate hypocalcemia. A review at the authors' institution identified four patients with adverse events related to oral sodium phosphate. Three of these cases had pre-existing comorbidities that predisposed them to the adverse event, or had received doses higher than that used or recommended in previous trials. Recommendations for relative and absolute contraindications to the use of oral sodium phosphate are described

A collaborative review of the current concepts and challenges of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery

The reduction of the incidence, detection and treatment of anastomotic leakage (AL) continues to challenge the colorectal surgical community. AL is not consistently defined and reported in clinical studies, its occurrence is variably reported and its impact on longterm morbidity and health-care resources has received relatively little attention. Controversy continues regarding the best strategies to reduce the risk. Diagnostic tests lack sensitivity and specificity, resulting in delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity. Intra-operative fluorescence angiography has recently been introduced as a means of real-time assessment of anastomotic perfusion and preliminary evidence suggests that it may reduce the rate of AL. In addition, concepts are emerging about the role of the rectal mucosal microbiome in AL and the possible role of new prophylactic therapies. In January 2016 a meeting of expert colorectal surgeons and pathologists was held in London, UK, to identify the ongoing controversies surrounding AL in colorectal surgery. The outcome of the meeting is presented in the form of research challenges that need to be addressed