The effects of a compliance therapy programme on Chinese male patients with schizophrenia

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The effect of qigong on depressive and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Review of The Electronic Transaction Ordinance: Can The Personal Identification Number Replace The Digital Signature?

In a recent consultation document, the Information Technology and Broadcasting Bureau proposed that personal identification numbers (PINs) be accepted as a form of signature for the purposes of the Electronic Transactions Ordinance (ETO) (Cap 553). This article explains why this proposal is fundamentally flawed. The article identifies three basic requirements for a signature and examines whether they are satisfied by digital signatures and PINs. It concludes that while a digital signature has built into it all the elements necessary for compliance with the requirements, a PIN can only be used for the purpose of authorisation and cannot be elevated to the status of a signature as required by the ETO.published_or_final_versio

Identification of a novel bat papillomavirus by metagenomics

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Digital evidence search kit

With the rapid development of electronic commerce and Internet technology, cyber crimes have become more and more common. There is a great need for automated software systems that can assist law enforcement agencies in cyber crime evidence collection. This paper describes a cyber crime evidence collection tool called DESK (Digital Evidence Search Kit), which is the product of several years of cumulative efforts of our Center together with the Hong Kong Police Force and several other law enforcement agencies of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. We will use DESK to illustrate some of the desirable features of an effective cyber crime evidence collection tool. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Separable and anonymous identity-based key issuing

In identity-based (ID-based) cryptosystems, a local registration authority (LRA) is responsible for authentication of users while the key generation center (KGC) is responsible for computing and sending the private keys to users and therefore, a secure channel is required. For privacy-oriented applications, it is important to keep in secret whether the private key corresponding to a certain identity has been requested. All of the existing ID-based key issuing schemes have not addressed this anonymity issue. Besides, the separation of duties of LRA and KGC has not been discussed as well. We propose a novel separable and anonymous ID-based key issuing scheme without secure channel. Our protocol supports the separation of duties between LRA and KGC. The private key computed by the KGC can be sent to the user in an encrypted form such that only the legitimate key requester authenticated by LRA can decrypt it, and any eavesdropper cannot know the identity corresponding to the secret key. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Identification of novel porcine and bovine parvoviruses closely related to human parvovirus 4

Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), a recently discovered parvovirus found exclusively in human plasma and liver tissue, was considered phylogenetically distinct from other parvoviruses. Here, we report the discovery of two novel parvoviruses closely related to PARV4, porcine hokovirus (PHoV) and bovine hokovirus (BHoV), from porcine and bovine samples in Hong Kong. Their nearly full-length sequences were also analysed. PARV4-like viruses were detected by PCR among 44.4% (148/333) of porcine samples (including lymph nodes, liver, serum, nasopharyngeal and faecal samples), 13% (4/32) of bovine spleen samples and 2% (7/362) of human serum samples that were sent for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus antibody tests. Three distinct parvoviruses were identified, including two novel parvoviruses, PHoV and BHoV, from porcine and bovine samples and PARV4 from humans, respectively. Analysis of genome pequences from seven PHoV strains, from three BHoV strains and from one PARV4 strain showed that the two animal parvoviruses were most similar to PARV4 with 61.5-63% nt identities and, together with PARV4 (HHoV), formed a distinct cluster within the family Parvoviridae. The three parvoviruses also differed from other parvoviruses by their relatively large predicted VP1 protein and the presence of a small unique conserved putative protein. Based on these results, we propose a separate genus, Hokovirus, to describe these three parvoviruses. The co-detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, the agent associated with the recent 'high fever' disease outbreaks in pigs in China, from our porcine samples warrants further investigation. © 2008 SGM.published_or_final_versio

Intrusion detection routers: Design, implementation and evaluation using an experimental testbed

In this paper, we present the design, the implementation details, and the evaluation results of an intrusion detection and defense system for distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. The evaluation is conducted using an experimental testbed. The system, known as intrusion detection router (IDR), is deployed on network routers to perform online detection on any DDoS attack event, and then react with defense mechanisms to mitigate the attack. The testbed is built up by a cluster of sufficient number of Linux machines to mimic a portion of the Internet. Using the testbed, we conduct real experiments to evaluate the IDR system and demonstrate that IDR is effective in protecting the network from various DDoS attacks. © 2006 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and methanol over a palladium/polyaniline catalyst in acidic solution: A study of the palladium size effect

We controlled the reaction temperature and feeding rate of the reducing agent to show that Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes can be synthesized from the reduction of their precursor on polyaniline (PANI) as a solid support. We used UV/Vis spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy to identify the electronic and catalytic interactions between Pd NPs and PANI. For the first time, that the unique redox properties of Pd/PANI display a high overpotential for hydrogen evolution, which suppresses this competitive reaction for the electroreduction of CO 2 in an acidic solution. As a result, two main liquid products (HCOOH and CH 3 OH) can be produced selectively with only trace amounts of CO in the gas phase. The current efficiencies for HCOOH and CH 3 OH increase with the decreasing Pd NP size within the potential range of −0.5 to −0.9 V. The highest current efficiencies for HCOOH (22.8 %) and CH 3 OH (5.4 %) are thus obtained over Pd(1.31 nm)/PANI at −0.9 V

Breakup Temperature of Target Spectators in Au + Au Collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction Au + Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of $^{3,4}$He and $^{6,7}$Li isotopes and pairs of $^{3,4}$He and H isotopes (p, d and d, t) yield consistent temperatures after feeding corrections, based on the quantum statistical model, are applied. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most central collisions. The good agreement with the breakup temperatures measured previously for projectile spectators at an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon confirms the observed universality of the spectator decay at relativistic bombarding energies. The measured temperatures also agree with the breakup temperatures predicted by the statistical multifragmentation model. For these calculations a relation between the initial excitation energy and mass was derived which gives good simultaneous agreement for the fragment charge correlations. The energy spectra of light charged particles, measured at $\theta_{lab}$ = 150$^{\circ}$, exhibit Maxwellian shapes with inverse slope parameters much higher than the breakup temperatures. The statistical multifragmentation model, because Coulomb repulsion and sequential decay processes are included, yields light-particle spectra with inverse slope parameters higher than the breakup temperatures but considerably below the measured values. The systematic behavior of the differences suggests that they are caused by light-charged-particle emission prior to the final breakup stage. PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.75.-qComment: 29 pages, TeX with 11 included figures; Revised version accepted for publication in Z. Phys. A Two additional figure