Effect of substitution and heat treatment route on polycrystalline FeSe0.5Te0.5 Superconductors

The effect of atomic substitution of Te in iron based superconductors FeSe (1:1 type), which exhibits the simplest crystal structure among the iron-based superconductors, has been investigated in terms of structural, electronic transport and magnetic properties. Polycrystalline samples with nominal Se:Te in FeSe1-xTex samples for x=0.5350{\deg}C, 0.5700{\deg}C, 0.6700{\deg}C and 0.75700{\deg}C were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. It has been observed that the most superconducting properties seen in x=0.6700{\deg}C samples as dc magnetic susceptibility, ac susceptibility and resistivity measurements. Tc enhancement is well correlated with the Te substitution up to 75% and c lattice parameters monotonically increased with increasing Te concentration

Economic Dimensions of Civil Conflicts

The thesis has five chapters (1) an introduction, (2) the economic risk factors causing civil conflicts, (3) the economic dimensions of peace building (4) a Kosovo case study, and (5) the conclusion. Chapter II discusses the economic risk factors that cause civil conflicts. Specific economic characteristics, such as the availability of natural resources, enduring economic decline (with its effects of low incomes and high unemployment), and diasporas make countries more prone to civil wars, both by providing revenues to insurgent groups and by weakening the power of the central authority. Chapter III provides information about war economies and presents the economic challenges of unstable post-conflict environment. The chapter emphasizes that challenges such as a fragile economic environment, illicit economic activities and peace spoilers must be overcome to achieve enduring peace. Chapter IV introduces a Kosovo case study to apply the economic dimensions discussed in the previous chapters. The chapter provides the background that led to civil war, explains the post-conflict economic environment, discusses the international communitys economic-recovery efforts, and recommends policy responses for economic development. Chapter V summarizes the main issues presented in the chapters. The conclusion also emphasizes the importance of studying economic dimensions to implement effective policies that will secure peace and provide development.http://archive.org/details/economicdimensio1094517374First Lieutenant, Turkish ArmyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Highly efficient oxidation of amines to aldehydes via flow-based biocatalysis

A new mild and efficient process for the preparation of aldehydes in water employed as flavour and fragrance components in food, beverage, cosmetics, as well as in pharmaceuticals was developed using a continuous-flow approach based on an immobilized pure transaminase-packed bed reactor. HEWT, an ω-transaminase from the haloadapted bacterium Halomonas elongata, has been selected for its excellent stability and substrate scope. Sixteen different amines were rapidly (3-15 min) oxidized into the corresponding aldehydes (90 to 99 %) with only 1 to 5 equivalents of sodium pyruvate. The process was fully automated allowing for the in-line recovery of the pure aldehydes (chemical purity >99% and isolated yields above 80%), without any further work-up procedure

Soil loss prediction using universal soil loss equation (USLE) simulation model in a mountainous area in Aglasun district, Turkey

Land degradation and soil loss is a global event. Human induced pressures on the natural ecosystems are still in progress as well as conservation efforts. The need for sufficient knowledge and data for decision makers is obvious hence the present study was carried out. The study area, the Alasun district, is in the middle west of Turkey and is characterized by a cold and sub-humid Mediterranean climate. The mountainous area is mostly covered with average low canopy closure of 11 - 40% of different forest species (52% of the study area). Universal soil loss equation (USLE) simulation model was used to predict the soil loss amounts in the study area. The results show that the predicted average soil loss amount is 7.38 (ton/ha/year). The average soil depth is about 35 cm and the soil loss tolerance limit is widely exceeded in the study area

Evaluation of the effect of topical and systemic ozone application in periodontitis: an experimental study in rats

Objective: The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of systemic and topical ozone application on alveolar bone loss (ABL) by evaluating the effect of Hypoxia-inducible factor −1 alpha (HIF-1-α) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)-positive cells on histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in a rat periodontitis model. Methodology: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1) Group C (control group); 2) Group SO (systemic ozone group) and 3) Group TO (topical ozone group). Experimental periodontitis was induced with a 3/0 silk suture placed at the mandibular left first molars of rats, and the suture was removed 14 days later. Ozone gas was injected intraperitoneally (0.7 mg/kg) in SO group. Topical ozone application protocol was performed using an ozone generator at 80% concentration (4th grade) 90- degree probe for the duration of 30 s. Both ozone applications were carried out for two weeks at intervals of two days. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Results:ABL was significantly lower in Group SO compared to Group C (p: 0.0052). HIF-1α- positive cells were significantly lower in Group TO than in Group C (p: 0.0043). RANKL-positive cells were significantly lower in Group SO and in Group TO compared to the control group (p: 0.0033, p: 0.0075, respectively). Conclusion: Both ozone applications decreased RANKL-positive cell counts, TO application decreased HIF-1-α positive cells counts, and SO application was found to be more effective in reducing ABL compared to control group

Vn- SLANT HELICES IN MINKOWSKI n-SPACE E1n

In this paper we give a definition of harmonic curvature functions in terms of V-n and define a new kind of slant helix which we call V-n-slant helix in n-dimensional Minkowski space E-1(n) by using the new harmonic curvature functions . Also we define a vector field D-L which we call Darboux vector field of V-n-slant helix in n-dimensional Minkowski space E-1(n) and we give some characterizations about slant helices

The language of topology: a Turkish case study

[EN] Topology has its own specialised language. Where did this come from? What are the differences in the language of topology when it is expressed in English, Spanish, Mandarin, Czech or Turkish? Does topology itself change when expressed in different languages? What effect has language had on the development of topology? Does the language of the topologist make a difference to the mathematics? A research programme aimed at answering these questions has begun. This paper is the first in a series that provides a background to the research. Topological discourse in various languages is being examined for its particular features, and possible influences on the concepts developed through these languages. Data from Turkish topologists and topological terminology are examined. They show why there is reason to suspect that language influences mathematical concept development. The data are also used to explore methodological issues for the research project.The research reported in this paper has been funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Research, Science & Technology Marsden Fund and the University of Auckland Research CommitteeBarton, B.; Lichtenberk, F.; Reilly, IL. (2005). The language of topology: a Turkish case study. Applied General Topology. 6(2):107-117. doi:10.4995/agt.2005.1950.SWORD10711762B. Barton and R. Frank, Mathematical Ideas and Indigenous Languages: The extent to which culturally-specific mathematical thinking is carried through the language in which it takes place, in B. Atweh, H. Forgasz & B. Nebres (Eds) Sociocultural Research in Mathematics Education: An International Perspective, Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (2001), 135-149.B. Barton and I. Reilly, Topological Concepts and Language: A Report of Research in Progress, Notices of the South African Mathematical Society 30(2) (1999), 110-119.T. Dale and G. Cuevas, Integrating Language and Mathematics Learning, in J. Crandall (ed) ESL Through Content-Area Instruction, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents (1987), 9-52.H. Hacisalihoglu, A. Haciyev, V. Kalantarov, A. Sabuncuoglu, L. M. Brown, E. Ibikli and S. Brown, Matematik Terimleri S¨ozl¨ug¨u, Ankara: Hacettepe University (2000). G. Lewis, The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1999).S. Mardesic, Topology in Eastern Europe 1900 – 1950, Topology Proceedings 25 (2000), 397-430.J. Nagata, Looking Back at Modern General Topology in the Last Century, in M. Husek & J. van Mill, Recent Progress in General Topology II, Netherlands: Elsevier Science B. V. (2002), 561-564.K. H. Parshall and A. C. Rice, Mathematics Unbound: The evolution of an international mathematical research community, 1800-1945, Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (2001).R. Pinxten, I. van Dooren and F. Harvey, The Anthropology of Space: Explorations into the Natural Philosophy and Semantics of the Navajo, Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press (1983).M. E. Rudin, Topology in the 20th Century, in M. Husek & J. van Mill, Recent Progress in General Topology II, Netherlands: Elsevier Science B. V. (2002), 565-569

Assessing seed priming, sowing date and mulch film to improve the germination and survival of direct sown Miscanthus sinensis in the UK

Direct sowing of Miscanthus seed could lower crop establishment costs, increase the rate of grower uptake and biomass supply for the emerging bio?economy. A replicated field trial was conducted at two contrasting UK sites: Aberystwyth (ABR) in mid?Wales and Blankney (BLK) in Lincolnshire. These sites encompass the West?East meteorological gradient in the UK where the growing season at ABR is cooler and wetter whilst BLK is warmer and drier. Primed and unprimed M. sinensis seeds were sown directly onto the soil surface with and without a clear bio?degradable mulch film, at nine dates interspersed from May to October. Average daily mean soil surface temperatures measured over the first two months after sowing under the mulch film were higher than control plots (2.7?C ABR and 4.2?C BLK). At both sites the film covering also affected soil volumetric moisture relative to uncovered control plots (?3% ABR and 8% BLK) demonstrating the negative impact of mulch film when sowing on dry soil. Over nine sowings, seed germination at ABR under film varied between ?28% to +18% of germination under control conditions. Seedlings from the first three sowings at both sites under film had sufficient physiological maturity to survive the first winter period. At BLK, mulch film significantly increased tiller count and height in both the first and second year after sowing. At ABR, where temperatures were lower, film covering significantly increased tiller height but not count. Water priming had no significant effect on seed viability or germination in the field tests. Base temperatures for germination of primed and unprimed seed on a thermal gradient plate were 7.0?C and 5.7?C respectively with a ?1.7?C confidence interval. Based on our results for M. sinensis in the UK we recommend the sowing of unprimed seed in May under film and only when the soil is moistpublishersversionPeer reviewe

One-neutron transfer reaction in the 18^{18}O + 48^{48}Ti collision at 275 MeV

The present article reports new data on the $^{48}$Ti($^{18}$O,$^{17}$O)$^{49}$Ti reaction at 275 MeV incident energy as part of the systematic research pursued within the NUMEN project. Supplementary measurements of the same reaction on $^{16}$O and $^{27}$Al targets were also performed in order to estimate the background arising from the use of a composite target (TiO$_{2}$ + $^{27}$Al). These data were analyzed under the same theoretical framework as those obtained with the titanium target in order to reinforce the conclusions of our analysis. Differential cross-section angular distribution measurements for the $^{17}$O$^{8+}$ ejectiles were performed in a wide angular range by using the MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer. The experimental results were analyzed within the distorted-wave and coupled-channels Born Approximation frameworks. The optical potentials at the entrance and exit channels were calculated in a double folding approach adopting the S\~ao Paulo potential, and the spectroscopic amplitudes for the projectile and target overlaps were obtained from large-scale shell model calculations. The differential cross-sections are well-described by the theoretical calculations, where a weak coupling to collective excitations of projectile and target is inferred. The sensitivity of transfer cross-sections on different model spaces adopted in nuclear structure calculations, is also discussed