Evaluation of renal perfusion in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioiodine treatment

Background: Hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common in elderly cats. Consequently, both diseases often occur concurrently. Furthermore, renal function is affected by thyroid status. Because changes in renal perfusion play an important role in functional renal changes in hyperthyroid cats, investigation of renal perfusion may provide novel insights. Objectives: To evaluate renal perfusion in hyperthyroid cats with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Animals: A total of 42 hyperthyroid cats was included and evaluated before and 1 month after radioiodine treatment. Methods: Prospective intrasubject clinical trial of contrast-enhanced ultrasound using a commercial contrast agent (SonoVue) to evaluate renal perfusion. Time-intensity curves were created, and perfusion parameters were calculated by off-line software. A linear mixed model was used to examine differences between pre-and post-treatment perfusion parameters. Results: An increase in several time-related perfusion parameters was observed after radioiodine treatment, indicating a decreased blood velocity upon resolution of the hyperthyroid state. Furthermore, a small post-treatment decrease in peak enhancement was present in the renal medulla, suggesting a lower medullary blood volume. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound indicated a higher cortical and medullary blood velocity and higher medullary blood volume in hyperthyroid cats before radioactive treatment in comparison with 1-month post-treatment control

Intraluminale stents voor de behandeling van tracheacollaps bij de hond

Tracheal collapse is a progressive degenerative disease that can be symptomatically treated with medication and/or by surgical intervention This article reports 5 cases with serious dyspnea, exercise intolerance, syncope or cyanosis caused by tracheal collapse All clogs showed a poor quality of life despite medical treatment Enlargement of the tracheal lumen was achieved by the placement of an intraluminal prosthesis to support the collapsing trachea Observed complications after the placement of an intraluminal stent were attributed to inappropriately sized stents (development of granulation tissue, shortening with undersized diameter and recurrence when the trachea is only partly supported). Complications caused by intraluminal stems can be life threatening One patient died of tracheal obstruction by granulation tissue. The life quality of the other 4 patients improved considerably. 2 patients improved (mean follow-up 3 5 months) and 2 patients became asymptomatic (mean follow-up 9 months)

Theranostic mRNA-loaded microbubbles in the lymphatics of dogs: implications for drug delivery

Microbubbles have shown potential as intralymphatic ultrasound contrast agents while nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles are increasingly investigated for ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery. To explore whether mRNA-nanoparticle loaded microbubbles could serve as theranostics for detection of and mRNA transfer to the lymph nodes, we investigate the behavior of unloaded and mRNA-loaded microbubbles using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging after subcutaneous injection in dogs. Our results indicate that both types of microbubbles are equally capable of rapidly entering the lymph vessels and nodes upon injection, and novel, valuable and detailed information on the lymphatic structure in the animals could be obtained. Furthermore, additional observations were made regarding the dynamics of microbubble lymph node uptake. Importantly, neither the microbubble migration distance within the lymphatics, nor the observed contrast signal intensity was influenced by mRNA-loading. Although further optimization of acoustic parameters will be needed, this could represent a first step towards ultrasound-guided, ultrasound-triggered intranodal mRNA delivery using these theranostic microbubbles

Religion and volunteering : complex, contested and ambiguous relationships

This chapter introduces the reader to the main themes and general content of an edited volume on Religion and Volunteering. It starts from the observation that the relationship between religion and volunteering constitutes a key focus of research on volunteering. The ‘default’ perspective posits a strong and positive causal relationship between both phenomena. However, both volunteering and religion are multi-dimensional and dynamic social phenomena. On closer inspection the relation between them appears to be more complex, contested and ambiguous than is generally assumed. This introduction explores the (intensifying) tensions between religion and volunteering from the viewpoint of the particular nature and changing role of religion in society. A fundamental tension originates in the definition of volunteering as a freely chosen activity. From a religious perspective, in contrast, being of service to others is something the pious person does in obedience to God. A second source of tension relates to processes of religious change that include both the return and decline of religion A post-secular perspective is introduced, contributing to a more complex and variable understanding of how religion and volunteering interrelate. Against this broader background, the anthology addresses the following questions: How do the relationships between types of religions/religiosity and types of volunteering vary within and across nations? What recent changes in our understanding of society, religion and volunteering challenge the default view? What other dimensions, enactments, and consequences of the interplay religion and volunteering can be studied beyond the traditional perspective

Favorable outcome of conservative treatment in a cat with T9T10 intervertebral disk disease

A 12-year-old domestic shorthair was presented with acute paraplegia. On the basis of radiography and myelography, a presumable diagnosis of disk herniation at the level of T9T10 was made. The cat was treated conservatively and recovered from paraplegia with only mild residual ataxia. Follow-up for more than one year showed no changes or recurrence of the symptoms

Portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats: definition, epidemiology and clinical signs of congenital portosystemic shunts

SAMENVATTING Congenitale portosystemische shunts (CPSS) zijn hepatische bloedvatafwijkingen die bij elk honden-of kattenras kunnen voorkomen. Extrahepatische CPSS komen vooral voor bij kleine honden en katten, terwijl intrahepatische CPSS vooral grote hondenrassen aantasten. Voor sommige hondenrassen is een erfelijke basis vastgesteld. Aangetaste dieren worden meestal op jonge leeftijd aangeboden met variërende neurologische, gastro-intestinale, urinaire of andere klachten. Symptomen te wijten aan hepatische encefalopathie nemen dikwijls de overhand. De pathogenese van dit syndroom is tot nu toe nog niet volledig gekend en is vermoedelijk multifactorieel. De onderliggende oorzaak is vermoedelijk de invloed op de hersenen van één of meerdere toxinen die normaal gezien door de lever ontgiftigd zouden moeten worden. Katten met CPSS vertonen zeer vaak ptyalisme

Oral health of Chinese people with systemic sclerosis

The aim was to study oral health status, salivary function, and oral features of Chinese people with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). Chinese people with SSc attending a university specialist clinic were invited for a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination. Ethics approval was sought (UW 08-305). Gender- and age-matched individuals without SSc who attended a university dental hospital were recruited for comparison. Forty-two SSc patients with a mean age of 54.0 ± 12.2 were examined. This study found no Chinese people with systemic sclerosis were periodontally healthy and many (76%) had periodontal pockets despite most of them (93%) practiced daily tooth-brushing. They all had caries experience (DMFT = 10.5) and many (65%) had untreated decay. Mucosal telangiectasia was a common oral feature (80%). They had lower resting salivary flow rates (0.18 ± 0.17 ml/min vs. 0.31 ± 0.21 ml/min; p = 0.003) and pH values (6.90 ± 0.40 vs. 7.28 ± 0.31; p < 0.001) and reduced maximal mouth opening (40.1 ± 6.5 mm vs. 43.6 ± 7.0 mm) than people without SSc

Comparison of contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography angiography and splenoportography for the evaluation of portosystemic-shunt occlusion after cellophane banding in dogs

BACKGROUND Many patients with a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PSS) do not tolerate an immediate shunt closure. Therefore, slow progressive techniques were developed. To evaluate the success of shunt closure diagnostic imaging is essential to identify possible residual blood flow through the shunt vessel. There is a lack of information about the reliability of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for evaluating residual flow through a PSS after treatment. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the results of CTA with splenoportography. Three months after cellophane banding CTA and splenoportography were performed in 20 dogs and reviewed by three independent examiners, respectively. In both imaging modalities the presences of a residual shunt was judged as present or absent and the extent of visibility of portal vasculature was recorded. RESULTS Based on the evaluation of the splenoportography residual flow through shunt was present in 6 dogs. The classification of residual shunt present or absent showed a substantial to perfect agreement (κ = 0.65-1.00) between the observers in splenoportography and a slight to moderate agreement (κ = 0.11-0.51) for CTA. Sensitivity and specificity varied between 0.50 and 1.00 and 0.57-0.85, respectively. Significant correlation between CTA and splenoportography for the classification of residual shunt was present only in one observer but not in the other two. CONCLUSION More studies were classified as residual shunt positive with CTA compared to splenoportography. It remains unclear which methods do reflect reality better and thus which method is superior. The greater inter-rater agreement for splenoportography suggests a greater reliability of this technique