Object identification and characterization with hyperspectral imagery to identify structure and function of Natura 2000 habitats

Habitat monitoring of designated areas under the EU Habitats Directive requires every 6 years information on area, range, structure and function for the protected (Annex I) habitat types. First results from studies on heathland areas in Belgium and the Netherlands show that hyperspectral imagery can be an important source of information to assist the evaluation of the habitat conservation status. Hyperspectral imagery can provide continuous maps of habitat quality indicators (e.g., life forms or structure types, management activities, grass, shrub and tree encroachment) at the pixel level. At the same time, terrain managers, nature conservation agencies and national authorities responsible for the reporting to the EU are not directly interested in pixels, but rather in information at the level of vegetation patches, groups of patches or the protected site as a whole. Such local level information is needed for management purposes, e.g., exact location of patches of habitat types and the sizes and quality of these patches within a protected site. Site complexity determines not only the classification success of remote sensing imagery, but influences also the results of aggregation of information from the pixel to the site level. For all these reasons, it is important to identify and characterize the vegetation patches. This paper focuses on the use of segmentation techniques to identify relevant vegetation patches in combination with spectral mixture analysis of hyperspectral imagery from the Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS). Comparison with traditional vegetation maps shows that the habitat or vegetation patches can be identified by segmentation of hyperspectral imagery. This paper shows that spectral mixture analysis in combination with segmentation techniques on hyperspectral imagery can provide useful information on processes such as grass encroachment that determine the conservation status of Natura 2000 heathland areas to a large extent. A limitation is that both advanced remote sensing approaches and traditional field based vegetation surveys seem to cause over and underestimations of grass encroachment for specific categories, but the first provides a better basis for monitoring if specific species are not directly considered

Трендсеттінг як ключовий фактор управління інноваційними ризиками індустрії моди

Індустрія моди нового тисячоріччя перетворилася в багатомільйонний сектор економіки, у котрому інноваційна діяльність грає ключову роль. Інновації в дизайні сучасного костюма з інструмента вдосконалювання характеристик об’єкта перетворюються в одну з основних його характеристик, тому фешн-проекти є інноваційними за своєю природою [2]

Система автоматического управления движением необитаемого подводного аппарата в условиях интервальной неопределенности его параметров

Исследование посвящено разработке математического обеспечения для синтеза система автоматического управления движением необитаемых подводных аппаратов в условиях интервальной неопределенности параметров самого аппарата и окружающей его водной среды.The research is dedicated to a problem of synthesizing motion control systems for unmanned underwater vehicles considering parametric uncertainty of water environment and vehicle itself

Разработка лабораторного стенда-макета автоматической системы регулирования системы отопления двухэтажного здания

Цель работы – создание комплекта проектной и конструкторской документации на разрабатываемый лабораторный стенд-макет автоматической системы регулирования системы отопления двухэтажного здания, позволяющий обучать студентов в области регулирования системы отопления. Объектом регулирования является макет здания, состоящего из двух этажей. Первый этаж включает в себя два помещения, второй – одно. В качестве теплоносителя используется вода. Основными преимуществами разработанной системы является ее уникальность среди подобных существующих проектов, а также наличие программно-оперативного комплекса на базе SCADA-системы, ведущего к повышению качества регулирования и быстродействия системы.The aim of the work is to create a set of design and construction documentation for the laboratory stand-prototype of an automatic control system for the heating system of a two-story building, which will allow students to be trained in the field of regulation of the heating system. The object of regulation is the prototype of the building, which consists of two floors. The first floor includes two rooms, the second includes one room. Water is used as a heat conductor. The main advantages of the developed system are its uniqueness among similar existing projects and also the availability of a software-operational complex based on a SCADA system, leading to improved regulation and system response speed

Time-lapse total internal reflection fluorescence video of acetylcholine receptor cluster formation on myotubes

To study when and where acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters appear on developing rat myotubes in primary culture, we have made time-lapse movies of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) overlaid with schlieren transmitted light images. The receptors, including the ones newly incorporated into the membrane, were labeled with rhodamine Α-bungarotoxin (R-BT) continuously present in the medium. Since TIRF illuminates only cell-substrate contact regions where almost all of the AChR clusters are located, background fluorescence from fluorophores either in the bulk solution or inside the cells can be suppressed. Also, because TIRF minimizes the exposure of the cell interior to light, the healthy survival of the cell culture during imaging procedures is much enhanced relative to standard epi- (or trans-) illumination. During the experiment, cells were kept alive on the microscope stage at 37°C in an atmosphere of 10% CO 2· Two digital images were recorded by a CCD camera every 20 min: the schlieren image of the cells and the TIRF image of the clusters. After background subtraction, the cluster image was displayed in pseudocolors, overlaid onto the cell images, and recorded as 3 frames on a videotape. The final movies are thus able to summarize a week-long experiment in less than a minute. These movies and images show that clusters form often shortly after the myoblast fusion but sometimes much later, and the formation takes place very rapidly (a few hours). The clusters have an average lifetime of around a day, much shorter than the lifetime of a typical myotube. The brightest and largest clusters tend to be the longest-lived. The cluster formation seems to be associated with the contacts of myotubes at the glass substrate, but not with cell-cell contacts or myoblast fusion into myotubes. New AChR continuously appear in preexisting clusters: after photobleaching, the fluorescence of some clusters recovers within an hour. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50420/1/1002010104_ftp.pd

Continental-scale patterns in diel flight timing of high-altitude migratory insects

Many insects depend on high-altitude, migratory movements during part of their life cycle. The daily timing of these migratory movements is not random, e.g. many insect species show peak migratory flight activity at dawn, noon or dusk. These insects provide essential ecosystem services such as pollination but also contribute to crop damage. Quantifying the diel timing of their migratory flight and its geographical and seasonal variation, are hence key towards effective conservation and pest management. Vertical-looking radars provide continuous and automated measurements of insect migration, but large-scale application has not been possible because of limited availability of suitable devices. Here, we quantify patterns in diel flight periodicity of migratory insects between 50 and 500 m above ground level during March-October 2021 using a network of 17 vertical-looking radars across Europe. Independent of the overall daily migratory movements and location, peak migratory movements occur around noon, during crepuscular evening and occasionally the morning. Relative daily proportions of insect migration intensity and traffic during the diel phases of crepuscular-morning, day, crepuscular-evening and night remain largely equal throughout May-September and across Europe. These findings highlight, extend, and generalize previous regional-scale findings on diel migratory insect movement patterns to the whole of temperate Europe.</p