The Power of Data Journalism: The Effects of Data-Driven News Reports in Correcting Climate Change Misinformation

The alarming increase of misinformation poses a significant threat to complex issues such as climate change, especially considering the proliferation of new media, which has significantly contributed to the dissemination and reception of misinformation. The present study aimed to examine how a corrective news article featuring data visualisation influences the reduction of misconceptions and the correction of misinformation regarding climate change after readers are exposed to the stimulus. The study investigated how readers’ preexisting beliefs influence the mitigation of misconceptions when exposed to news content. This study adds to ongoing conversations about creating corrective news reports to reduce the negative impacts of misinformation surrounding climate change. A quasi-experimental study was carried out online involving 186 members of the Egyptian community. The results indicate that data journalism can reduce the cognitive dissonance that causes audiences to accept misinformation. The findings indicate that data-driven journalism utilising interactive graphs is effective in altering the public’s existing beliefs and knowledge while also demonstrating its ability to persuade and counter misinformation. The audience with low to moderate prior knowledge of climate change may demonstrate a diminished ability to thoroughly analyse and compare the information presented

A Critical Review of the Performance, Combustion, and Emissions ‎Characteristics of PCCI Engine Controlled by Injection Strategy and ‎Fuel Properties

As internal combustion engines (ICEs) produce serious emissions and a big part of greenhouse gases from fuel combustion. Due to the universal concerns about degradation in the ambient environment, limitations on exhaust emissions, depletion of petroleum reserves, and global warming, many strict regulations have been launched on the standard emissions released from engines. Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is a promising technique to overcome these challenges in recent years which can simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions and substantially improve thermal efficiency. The PCCI combustion concept has the advantages of both SI and CI engines, like SI engines as the charge is premixed which produces low emissions and like CI engines the fuel-air mixture is auto-ignited as a result of compression which leads o high thermal efficiency. Normally, PCCI combustion is a single-stage combustion process achieved by employing early injection timing to increase the time available for mixing fuel and air by using single-fuel and split fuel (pilot/main) injection tactics, in which a large fraction of fuel burns in premixed combustion phase resulting in relatively lower in-cylinder temperatures compared to compression ignition (CI) combustion. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide an inclusive review of the effects of fuel injection timings, ratios, pressure, and fuel properties on the PCCI engine combustion performance improvement and emission reduction, this review has been analyzed extensively based on the published studies to provide and discuss different strategies for the control of PCCI technique of combustion at wide range of speed and load

A Quantitative Analysis of the Commercial-Additive Effects on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions Characteristics

Petroleum fuel prices fluctuate in response to global political and economic issues. Government regulations should be followed when it comes to engine emissions, as these dangerous pollutants have a negative impact on the environment. One such effect is global warming, which raises global temperatures. The purpose of this study is to develop the additives for use as a fuel mix with diesel fuel, which will be used to feed the diesel engine of a single cylinder, four strokes. The engine will be tested experimentally with varying loads at fixed speed of 1500 rpm, using blends of [(5% PRETSONE additive + 95% of diesel fuel), (5% THERMOL-D additive + 95% of diesel fuel), (5% ECO diesel additive + 95% of diesel fuel), (5% ABRO additive + 95% of diesel fuel) and pure diesel 100%]. The impact of varying blends of additives on engine performance and emissions has been studied and evaluated. The results of the experiment show that various diesel and additive blends can be used in the diesel engine under the same operating conditions with increasing brake thermal efficiency by 1 % for PRETSONE additive more than diesel, decreasing exhaust temperature by 3% for ABRO additive more than diesel, decreasing brake specific fuel consumption by 1% for PRETSONE additive more than diesel, decreasing Carbon monoxide CO , Carbon dioxide CO2 and NOx emissions by 50% , 29% and 29% respectively for ECO diesel additive more than diesel, decreasing Soot level emissions by 23% for ABRO additive more than diesel, increasing Oxygen O2 values by 9% for PRETSONE additive more than diesel. Finally, it is recommended to using additives with diesel, which improves combustion properties, Engine efficiency and emission of engine

Numerical Investigation of Combustion in HCCI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel Blends

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is an advanced combustion technology being considered for internal combustion engines due to the potential for high fuel conversion efficiency and extremely low particulate matter (PM) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. In HCCI engines, there is no direct control method for auto ignition time. A common method to indirectly control the ignition timing in HCCI combustion engines is altering engine’s parameters which can affect the combustion. Previous research has indicated that fuel chemistry has a strong impact on HCCI combustion. This work introduces a new predictive multi-zone model for the description of combustion in HCCI engines. A multi zone model with reduced fuel chemistry was developed to simulate the combustion process in HCCI engines and predict engine performance. In this work, a parametric study on Diesel/Biodiesel blends(D80B20) HCCI combustion is conducted in order to identify the effect of equivalence ratio values (0.1786, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.4762) on combustion and engine performance parameters. Two kinds of parameters will be discussed. First, in-cylinder pressure, temperature and net heat release rate diagrams at altering Diesel/Biodiesel dose (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%), then the second category, the variation of start of combustion and combustion duration which are performance parameters of HCCI Diesel Engine

Perioperative Levosimendan Infusion in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy has been instrumental in saving lives of patients with end-stage heart failure (HF). Recent generation devices have short-to-mid-term survival rates close to heart transplantation. Unfortunately, up to 1 in 4 patients develop a life-threatening right-sided HF (RHF) early post LVAD implantation, with high morbidity and mortality rate, necessitating prolonged ICU stay, prolonged inotropic support, and implantation of a right-ventricular assist device. Pre-operative optimization of HF therapy could help in prevention, and/or mitigation of RHF. Levosimendan (LEVO) is a non-conventional inotropic agent that works by amplifying calcium sensitivity of troponin C in cardiac myocytes, without increasing the intra-cellular calcium or exacerbating ischemia. LEVO acts as an inodilator, which reduces the cardiac pre-, and after-load. LEVO administration is associated with hemodynamic improvements. Despite decades long of the use of LVAD and more than two decades of the use of LEVO for HF, the literature on LEVO use in LVAD is very limited. In this paper, we sought to conduct a systematic review to synthesize evidence related to the use of LEVO for the mitigation and/or prevention of RHF in patients undergoing LVAD implantation

Effect of Organic Compounds Additives for Biodiesel Fuel blends on Diesel Engine Vibrations and Noise Characteristics

The extensive consumption of petroleum fuel directly correlates with both hazardous exhaust emissions affecting human health and contributing to global warming. Initially, biodiesel fuels were proposed as a viable alternative to address these issues. This perspective finds support in numerous published studies that highlight how the significant catalytic effect of nanoparticles allows for their integration into biodiesel blends, resulting in improved combustion characteristics, reduced exhaust emissions, and enhanced performance. This study investigates the impact of additives on biodiesel fuel properties and its effects on engine performance metrics such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas concentration, engine vibration, and noise levels. In this work, we extracted the majority of previous research findings from specific studies. The inclusion of additives leads to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and NOx, as well as enhanced brake power and brake thermal efficiency. It also reduces the amount of gasoline consumed during braking, exhaust gas temperature, vibration, noise, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions. The comprehensive review concludes definitively that the compromised engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blends can be effectively restored through the addition of nanoparticles

Исследовательские тормозные стенды для испытаний малогабаритных ДВС

The urgency of a problem of creation of research stands for testing small sized IСE is defined by a wide circulation of engines of such type for mechanization of the manual skills, intended for use in structure of mobile vehicles and means of mechanization of auxiliary operations. During too time carrying out of tests of such type of engines at typical brake stands with the maximal rated power tested ICE 50-100 kW unfairly neither from the economic point of view, nor from the point of view of maintenance of comprehensible metrological characteristics. In article the basic approaches to create of the small sized stand basis of serially let out devices and known technological decisions are considered.Актуальность задачи создания исследовательских тормозных стендов для испытаний малогабаритных ДВС определяется широким распространением двигателей такого типа для механизации ручного труда, использования в качестве привода мобильных транспортных средств и средств малой механизации. В то же время проведение испытаний такого типа двигателей на типовых тормозных стендах с максимальной номинальной мощностью испытываемых ДВС, как правило, не менее 50-100 кВт неоправданно ни с экономической точки зрения, ни с точки зрения обеспечения приемлемых метрологических характеристик. В статье рассмотрены основные подходы к созданию малогабаритного стенда на основе серийно выпускаемых устройств и известных технологических решений

Revolutionizing Hyperlipidemia Treatment: Nanoencapsulated CoQ10 and Selenium Combat Simvastatin-Induced Myopathy and Insulin Resistance in Rats

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a nanoencapsulated platform for coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles (coQNPs) or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and explore their potential therapeutic benefits in treating hyperlipidemia and combating simvastatin (SV)-induced myopathy and adverse reactions in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: The physical and chemical properties of the solid nanoparticles, coQNPs, and SeNPs were characterized, including zeta potential studies. Male Wistar albino rats were treated with various interventions for 112 days, including a nano-vehicle only, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with SV alone, or with coQNPs or/and SeNPs for the last 30 days. Results: The coQNPs and SeNPs exhibited uniform spherical shapes with high encapsulation efficiency (EE% 91.20±2.14 and 94.89±1.54, respectively). The results demonstrated that coQNPs and SeNPs effectively reduced hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, SV-induced myopathy, and hepatotoxicity. However, combining SV with coQNPs and SeNPs resulted in severe liver and muscle damage. Treatment with SV and SeNPs or SV and coQNPs alone showed significant improvements compared to SV treatment alone. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CoQNPs or SeNPs platforms offer advanced relief for hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance while limiting adverse effects such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity

DNA Barcoding for Identification of Some Fish Species (Sparidae) in Mediterranean Sea Area

Background: DNA barcoding depend on a piece of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial genome is broadly useful in species ID and biodiversity studies. The aim of this study is to create a complete barcoding reference database of some fishes in the Mediterranean Sea fall under the family Sparidae. . Materials and methods: Mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were demonstrated from 8 species of family Sparidae in the order Perciformes, the mean length of Mitochondrial COI sequences was 650 base pairs. Results: The results of the phylogenetic tree presented that monophyly of Sparidae species. The studied species displayed clades of conspecific sequences and showed a match between the present study and the GenBank (NCBI) database. All groups clustered with high bootstrap value, that showed next to each branch and the tree was rooted based on the out group of Rhincodon typus. Conclusion: We achieve that COI sequencing can be used to recognize different fish species, and also it is used to obtain high competence of species reorganization by DNA barcoding. We underline the power of DNA barcode and its tools to identify different species from Mediterranean Sea. Results give Species ID for each species under study by using DNA barcoding

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112