Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Minyak Sawit Indonesia dan Malaysia di Pasar Internasional

The purpose of this research is to analyze dynamics export competitiveness ofIndonesia's and Malaysia's palm oil in International market. And to analyze exportperformance of Indonesia's and Malaysia's palm oil in International market. The dataused in the study was time series of 1995 - 2009 obtained from various sourcessuch as FAO, MPOB, BPS, Dirjenbun Deptan, and Oil World. The result of thisresearch are, dynamic export competitiveness of Indonesia's palm oil haveimprovement in exporting market of palm oil in the world, especially in Asian andEurope, except in case of palm oil in some Europe state. Effect of standard growthIndonesia and Malaysia have positive value. Indonesia's palm oil more competitivecompared by Malaysia in Asian, but in Europe, Malaysia's palm oil more competitivecompared by Indonesia. This matter is shown by negative value from effect ofmarket distribution and effect of residual. Competitiveness of Indonesia andMalaysia for palm oil product can be told above average of the world, because theindex RCA more than one. Then, the value of ratio net Export and Total TradeIndonesia and Malaysia also showed a positive value which means that Indonesiaand Malaysia is an exporter of palm oil

Comparing the effects of different approaches to liberalising world grains markets

The success of the current Doha Round of the WTO negotiations on agriculture will require substantial reform in each of the three areas of market access, export subsidies and domestic support. Substantial improvement in market access for agricultural products will be an essential requirement for achieving a successful outcome. However, the extent of improvement in market access resulting from the current negotiations will largely depend on the form and the approach followed to reduce tariffs and expand tariff rate quotas. In this paper different approaches to expanding market access for grains area analysed using a partial equilibrium model. Simulated scenarios include linear reductions in applied tariffs and expansions in tariff rate quotas, which are contrasted with a scenario representing market access proposals of the Cairns Group of countries in the current WTO agricultural negotiations. The effects of these two trade liberalisation scenarios on world prices and trade are analysed and discussed. Results indicate that to achieve a meaningful gain in market access for grains, WTO members must agree to either directly reduce the current applied tariffs or make large percentage reductions to the WTO bound rates, which lead to effective reductions in the current applied rates.Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

VALUASI PENCEMARAN SUNGAI DAN PROSPEK KEBERHASILAN PENERAPAN CO-MANAGEMENT (STUDI KASUS: KALI BABON, SEMARANG)

Babon River is one of the rivers in Central Java and had an important role in the city of Semarang. Besides being used to support the activities of community around the river, Babon River also used by PDAM Tirta Moedal Semarang in obtaining raw water production. In 2016, PDAM Tirta Moedal produces about 54.63 liters / sec of water from Babon River. However, due to the activities of domestic and industrial waste disposal, as well as mining activities in the river basin impact on pollution of the river water in the taps at a cost to restore the water quality. Prokasih is a program created by BLH Semarang in the management of the river to be clean, but the program is felt less than the maximum in its implementation because oriented on a top down approach, so it requires another approach that is participatory management (co-management). The purpose of this study was to: (1) to identify the profile and environmental conditions of the river as well as the socio-economic condition of community in Babon river (2) measuring the degree of participation of community with the government in the management of the river, (3) to identify the prospects of co-management as an approach that will be used in the management of babon river, (4) to estimate the costs caused by pollution of the river is covered by the PDAM and (5) to estimate the willingness to pay value of the bussinesman in an effort to manage the liquid waste towards clean environment of the river. This study uses primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from 116 respondents consisting of 90 community respondents by using quoted sampling and 16 bussinesman respondents and 10 key persons using purposive sampling. Secondary data were obtained from the PDAM Tirta Moedal, BBWS Pemali Juana, BLH Semarang City and BLH Central Java Province. Descriptive qualitative analysis to answer the first purpose, in-depth interview to answer the fourth and the fifth purpose, the replacement cost method used to answer the second purpose and CVM method to answer the third purpose. The results show that community consider that the environmental conditions of the river further downstream Babon increasingly isnt managed. The degree of government participation is still more dominant in managing the river, and prospects for the success of co-management is quite prospective. Result replacement cost method shows that in 2016 the cost of pollution increased to Rp 27.721.838 compared to the year 2012 amounting to Rp 25.303.744 based on current prices. If judged by the price in 2012 as the base year, pollution charges increased by Rp 29.892.025 in 2016. Result CVM method shows the average of Bussinesman WTP Value is Rp 127.116/ month and the total value of WTP is Rp 106.777.440 that can be allowed for the manufacture of WWTI

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHERTECHNIQUE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Abstract: There are some materials in reading comprehension, such as the types of the text and kinds of the reading test. Teacher may be difficult to teach reading comprehension and handle around thirty five students in the classroom. Furthermore, the implementation of the new 2013 curriculum suggests students to be active in the whole process of learning; however, there are only few students who really concern about the materials, and some remain passive during the whole process of learning. Because of the students’ passiveness, the technique may persuade the students active and enjoy the materials, such as Jigsaw, Numbered Heads Together (NHT), and Team Group Tournamnet. The technique which may influence the student to concern to the whole process of learning is Numbered Heads togetehertechnique. Group work offers full of active insights into the concerning materials. Moreover, the research about NHThad been done, and the finding showed t observedis 2, and t table is 1.69. The score of t t was from the table of t distribution percentile score with df = 0.05 (= probability 0.95), and n = n-1 = 35-1 = 34. From the calculation above to >t t , H0was rejected, and on the contrary Hi was accepted. The finding has shown that the use of Numbered Heads Togetherwas effective in teaching reading comprehension. Keywords:Numbered Head Together technique, reading comprehension, Juniour High Schoo

Penerapan Metode Inside-outside Circle untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IV SD Negeri 01 Tambakboyo Tahun 2012/2013

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 01 Tambakboyo pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Tahun 2012/2013 dengan menggunakan metode inside-outside circle. Jenis peneitian ini adalah PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua kali siklus dan dua kali pertemuan setiap siklusnya. Subjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 01 Tambakboyo dengan jumlah siswa 16. Subjek pelaksanaan tindakan adalah peneliti dibantu oleh guru kelas. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan metode alur. Alur yang dilalui meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah menunjukan adanya peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IV pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode inside-outsite circle. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari: 1)Ketepatan pengucapan(lafal) pada prasiklus 31,25%, siklus I meningkat menjadi 50% dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 87,5%. 2)Penempatan tekanan(intonasi) pada prasiklus 25%, siklus I meningkat 43,75 dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 87,5%. 3)Kelancaran berbicara pada prasiklus 37,5%, siklus I meningkat menjadi 62,5% dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 87,5%. 4)Keberanian berpendapat pada prasiklus 25%, siklus I meningkat menjadi 43,75% dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 93,75. Siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan harus mencapai 80% dari setiap aspek indikator yang dinilai. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan metode pembelajaran inside-outside circle dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Tambakboyo Tahun 2012/2013

The seroprevalence and salivary shedding of herpesviruses in Behcet's syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis

This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported licens

Kajian Profil Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Gili Kecamatan Sumberasih Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Gili Ketapang (Pulau Gili Ketapang) Kecamatan Sumberasih, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2012. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal apa saja yang terdapat pada masyarakat pesisir Pulau Gili Kabupaten Probolinggo. Menjelaskan respon dan ketaatan masyarakat terhadap kearifan lokal di Pulau Gili. Menjelaskan fungsi dan manfaat kearifan lokal yang ada di masyarakat Pulau Gili. Menjelaskan bagaimana membangun model pengelolaan berbasis kearifan lokal masyarakat. Pulau gili memeliki beberapa budaya yang berpotensi sebagai kearifan lokal yang nantinya bisa digunakan sebagai landasan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lingkungan. Terdapat tujuh budaya yang ada di Pulau Gili, Onjem, Petik Laut, Nyabis, Kontrak kerja, Pengambek, Telasan dan Andun. Tetapi hanya dua budaya yang berpotensi sebagai kearifan lokal yaitu Petik laut dan Onjem ditinjau dari syarat menurut Christy(1992). Model pemberdayaan co manajemen bisa diterapkan jika mengacu pada kearifan lokla yang digunakan sebagai landasannya

Derivations and centroids of four-dimensional associative algebras

In the paper derivations and centroids of four-dimensional associative algebras are described. We also identify the class of algebras called characteristically nilpotent among four-dimensional associative algebras