Labour Market Effects of the 2006 Soccer World Cup in Germany

This study analyses for the first time on the basis of a multivariate analysis ex post the effects on the jobs market of a soccer World Cup, in this case the 2006 World Cup held in Germany. In addition to three methods already used for other analyses in studies of sporting events, an extended “Difference-in-Difference” estimate is used in order to compare the development of the numbers of unemployed in the 12 World Cup venues with the development of the numbers of unemployed in 62 other German cities. The results demonstrate that in none of the respective match venues did the effect of the sporting event on unemployment differ significantly from zero.Labour market, regional economics, sports economics, World Cup, Stadium Impact

Der klassische Konfuzianismus und die Idee der Menschenrechte

EinleitungEin Überblick über das Leben der großen Lehrer des klassischen Konfuzianismus Die konfuzianistische EthikDas Legitimationsprinzip der Herrschaft Die Menschenrechtserklärung von 1948 Vergleich der abendländischen "Rechte" mit den "Pflichten" des alten China Die geforderten Menschenrechte von Artikel 1, 18, 19, und 26 der UNO Resolution 1948 im Vergleich mit der Menschenrechtsidee des klassischen Konfuzianismus Der Umgang mit den Menschen"rechten" im China des 20. Jahrhundert

Short-term to long-term employment effects of the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany

This study demonstrates that the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany was not able to generate any short to long-term employment effects that were significantly different from zero. It is the first work to examine long-term employment effects of Football World Cup tournaments. It is also one of the first work to undertake a multivariate analysis of the employment effects of a major sporting event outside of the USA. In addition, this study does not arbitrarily determine the time period for the potential positive effects of a major sporting event but instead examines several alternative periods. Furthermore, the study tests for method sensitivity by analysing the data set in parallel with the approaches used in the studies of sporting events in the USA as well as in a fourth modifying estimation approach. In contrast to the conclusions reached in comparable studies, the results are not regarded as a clear refutation of the positive effects of major sporting events.Labour market, regional economics, sports economics, World Cup, Stadium Impact

Labour market effects of the 2006 Soccer World Cup in Germany

This study analyses for the first time on the basis of a multivariate analysis ex post the effects on the jobs market of a soccer World Cup, in this case the 2006 World Cup held in Germany. In addition to three methods already used for other analyses in studies of sporting events, an extended Difference-in-Difference estimate is used in order to compare the development of the numbers of unemployed in the 12 World Cup venues with the development of the numbers of unemployed in 62 other German cities. The results demonstrate that in none of the respective match venues did the effect of the sporting event on unemployment differ significantly from zero

Electron-beam-sustained discharge revisited - light emission from combined electron beam and microwave excited argon at atmospheric pressure

A novel kind of electron beam sustained discharge is presented in which a 12keV electron beam is combined with a 2.45GHz microwave power to excite argon gas at atmospheric pressure in a continuous mode of operation. Optical emission spectroscopy is performed over a wide wavelength range from the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to the near infrared (NIR). Several effects which modify the emission spectra compared to sole electron beam excitation are observed and interpreted by the changing plasma parameters such as electron density, electron temperature and gas temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Dynamics of Long-Living Excitons in Tunable Potential Landscapes

A novel method to experimentally study the dynamics of long-living excitons in coupled quantum well semiconductor heterostructures is presented. Lithographically defined top gate electrodes imprint in-plane artificial potential landscapes for excitons via the quantum confined Stark effect. Excitons are shuttled laterally in a time-dependent potential landscape defined by an interdigitated gate structure. Long-range drift exceeding a distance of 150 um at an exciton drift velocity > 1000 m/s is observed in a gradient potential formed by a resistive gate stripe.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. E (MSS-12-Proceedings

Short-term to long-term employment effects of the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany

This study demonstrates that the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany was not able to generate any short to long-term employment effects that were significantly different from zero. It is the first work to examine long-term employment effects of Football World Cup tournaments. It is also one of the first work to undertake a multivariate analysis of the employment effects of a major sporting event outside of the USA. In addition, this study does not arbitrarily determine the time period for the potential positive effects of a major sporting event but instead examines several alternative periods. Furthermore, the study tests for method sensitivity by analysing the data set in parallel with the approaches used in the studies of sporting events in the USA as well as in a fourth modifying estimation approach. In contrast to the conclusions reached in comparable studies, the results are not regarded as a clear refutation of the positive effects of major sporting events