Ethnolinguistic Identity in Morocco

This study investigates and reports on the strong relation between language and ethnolinguistic identity in Morocco. The study examines and analyzes comments of both Berbers and Arabs’ reaction to the plan of promoting Arabic. Two communities of practice will emerge once they react to a plan aiming at promoting Arabic. The source of data for this study is the main online newspaper in Morocco, Hespress (hespress.com). The comments demonstrate that once Arabic and Berber are put together, the ethnicity associated with each language prevails. Data analysis shows that Language is a prominent index of ethnicity. It can create conflict and rivalry between the two main ethnic groups in Morocco. The results support the hypothesis, which claims that there is a strong link between language and ethnicity. The commentators were expressing their identities in a community of practice that is either defined by Berber or Arabic. Data analysis also shows that language can separate ethnic groups and can also be an essential factor in forming communities of practice. It is clear from the analysis that language separates these two groups, supporting the idea that language has a role in shaping these communities of practice and forming their identities

The Acquisition of Morphology in Moroccan Heritage Speakers in France

There are two major perspectives regarding heritage speakers’ (henceforth HS) ultimate attainment. Some researchers on HS in the U.S. conclude that HS have incomplete grammars (Benmamoun, Montrul & Polinsky, 2013). It is argued that heritage languages (henceforth HL) do not fully develop (Montrul, 2016), and they are not completely acquired because of shifting to a dominant language (Benmamoun et al., 2013). Other researchers argue that HS’ grammars are complete, but simply different as monolingual and HS experience different linguistic realities (Pascual y Cabo & Rothman, 2012). While there is abundant research on Arabic as a HL in the U.S., research on HS in Europe has been rather limited (Montrul, 2016). This dissertation focuses on Moroccan Arabic (henceforth MA) as a HL in France and aims at contributing to the understanding of the linguistic outcomes of the acquisition of Arabic as a HL in an immigrant context. The current study investigates the acquisition of nominal morphology and verbal-derivational patterns by Moroccan HS in France. Nominal morphology was represented by plural and diminutive formation, and verbal derivations were represented by four patterns. Nominal morphology gives insights into both concatenative and non-concatenative morphological processes. Verbal derivational processes are characterized by the use of non-concatenative morphological processes, and semantic notions such as causativeness and reciprocity are lexicalized within the MA verb-pattern system. The studied patterns are the basic (P1), causative (P2), medio-passive (P5), and reciprocal (P6). 15 Moroccan-French participants took part in this study. The data were gathered through three production experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the acquisition of 3 sound morphemes and 14 broken plurals. In experiment 2, participants were tested in diminutive formation, exemplified by the six types of diminutives, and experiment 3 examined the acquisition of verbal derivations. Experiment 1 revealed that participants’ plural system is mainly characterized by concatenative processes as just two sound plural morphemes were acquired by a significant number of participants. All the participants acquired the morpheme -at and 80% of the participants acquired the sound morpheme -in. Participants depend on overgeneralization and simplification of their plural system. The sound morphemes characterize the HL and were overgeneralized in broken plural targeted data. Additionally, the sound plural [-at] seems to be the underspecified default morpheme in the HL. The findings of experiment 2 show that the mean percentage of source-like use of diminutive forms is 38%. The results revealed that just two patterns were acquired by a significant number of participants: CCiCa and CCiCjCjəC. Diminutive forms that do not require complex processes are acquired by a significant number of participants and the percentage of source-like use is high as well. In this study, a brief analysis of diminutive derivational processes was given, and participants’ patterns of acquisition correspond to the suggested continuum of complexity. Irregular stems present difficulties to HS as complex processes are applied. Non-source like data is rule-governed as 69% of the non-source-like data shows the use of either initial consonant cluster or insertion of the glide /-j/, and these are the main processes characterizing diminutive processes. Additionally, the requirement of having two syllables was met. Participants tend to regularize diminutive formation and show a preference to the following processes: initial constant cluster and insertion of the palatal glide. Generally, HS’s variety is mainly characterized by two patterns. Experiment 3 reveals that the basic pattern (P1) was acquired by all the participants and 40% of the participants acquired the causative (P2). The medio-passive pattern (P5) and the reciprocal patterns (P6) were not acquired. ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences among the use of the four patterns. The main finding of this study is that semantic distinction realized by pattern alternation is neutralized in the HL. Specifically, the basic pattern (P1) and periphrastic constructions were used predominantly in P5 and P6 targeted data. It is likely that the basic pattern is used as a default morphological device because it unmarked. The three experiments demonstrate that participants omit irregularities and non-source like forms are rule governed. Less complex and less marked morphological structures characterize the HL. Specifically, morphological aspects thought to be acquired earlier in language development are the ones characterizing the HL. Additionally, the findings of the experiments propose implicational hierarchies for the acquisition of the studied morphological structures. Adopting overgeneralization in nominal morphology, and neutralization in verb patterns showed that HS speak a variety that is reanalyzed. Accordingly, HS in France have a distinct variety that was shaped by their linguistic experience. Their variety is different, reanalyzed and does not comprise all the patterns attested in the source language

The Acquisition of Diminutives in Moroccan Heritage Speakers in France

This study addresses the acquisition of diminutive forms by Moroccan heritage speakers in France. Diminutive formation depends on stem modification. 15 Moroccan-French participants took part in this study. In a production experiment, participants were asked to form diminutives for 6 types of stems, since the stem type determines the diminutive pattern. The findings of this study show that the mean percentage of source-like use of the diminutive forms is 38%. The results revealed that just two patterns that were acquired by a significant number of participants: CCiCa and CCiCjCjəC. Diminutive forms that do not require complex processes are acquired by a significant number of participants and the percentage of source-like use is high as well. Irregular stems present difficulties to HS. Non-source like data is rule-governed as 69% of the non-source-like data shows the use of either initial consonant cluster or insertion of the glide, which means that participants produce rule-governed errors. The findings of this study also propose an implicational hierarchy for the acquisition pattern of diminutive forms. For example, if a learner only knows one diminutive pattern, it will be the [CCiCa] pattern. For instance, 27% of the participants acquire just one diminutive pattern and it is [CCiCa]

The Impact of Inquiry-Based Teaching on Foreign Language Acquisition: A Case Study of Arabic

This study explores the effectiveness of inquiry-based teaching for those learning Arabic as a foreign language, particularly in terms of vocabulary acquisition, interpersonal communication, classroom engagement, critical thinking, and learner autonomy. A structured questionnaire was administered to students enrolled in Arabic courses to evaluate their perceptions of this approach. The findings suggested that students held a generally positive view of inquiry-based teaching, reporting that it significantly enhanced language learning, motivation, and classroom interaction while minimizing anxiety and fostering a supportive learning environment. The results highlight the potential of this transformative approach in foreign language education, and the study recommends its broader adoption in the curriculum. Keywords: Arabic, foreign language, inquiry-based learning, inquiry-based teaching, language acquisition DOI: 10.7176/JEP/15-13-10 Publication date: December 30th 202

Etude comparative de l’effet des microalgues marines et des huiles d’argan et de poisson sur le métabolisme lipidique et la fonction plaquettaire chez le rat et chez des patients dyslipidémiques : recherche de l'effet antiagrégant et exploration du mécanisme d'action dans le but de prévenir les maladies cardiovasculaires

Some risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperaggregability of blood platelets and oxidative stress promotes the progression of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of LC-PUFA from different sources (marine microalgae, argan oil and fish oil) on installing the metabolic syndrome in rats fed high fat diet. The effects of argan oil on platelet function and lipid profiles were also tested in dyslipidemic patients. A preliminary study was conducted to find the minimum dose of microalgae (Odontella aurita) to be incorporated in the diet for a positive effect on the different parameters measured. We then studied the effect of lyophilized O. aurita on cardiovascular risk factors induced by a high fat diet in rats. The results showed that the addition of O. aurita induces a reduction in blood glucose and plasma lipid levels and a reduction in platelet aggregation. We then compare the effects of microalgae with fish oil. For this, a nutritional study was conducted in rats subjected to a high fat diet (HF) supplemented or not with the freeze-dried O. aurita (HFOA) or fish oil (HFFO). Supplementation lyophilized O. aurita and fish oil decreases platelet aggregation and oxidative stress.We subsequently compared the effects of fish oil rich in omega-3, and argan oil which is rich in omega-6 and omega-9. Our results show that 2 sources of LC-PUFA decrease platelet aggregation and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, but their mechanism of action appears to be different.We have also conducted a clinical study in Morocco to investigate the antiplatelet and lipid lowering effect of argan oil in patients with dyslipidemia. The results show a significant improvement in atherogenic lipids in patients consuming argan oil for 3 weeks. This improvement consists in a very significant reduction in total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol, with a decreased platelet aggregation and oxidative stress in patients consuming argan oil.Certains facteurs de risque, comme l’hyperlipidémie, l’hyper-agrégabilité des plaquettes sanguines et le stress oxydant favorisent la progression des maladies cardiovasculaires. L’objectif de ce travail est de comparer les effets des AGPI-LC issus de sources différentes (microalgue marine, huile d’argan et de poisson) sur l’installation du syndrome métabolique chez des rats soumis à un régime hyperlipidique. Les effets de l’huile d’argan sur la fonction plaquettaire et sur le bilan lipidique ont aussi été testés chez des patients dyslipidémiques. Une étude préliminaire sur des rats a été réalisée afin de rechercher la dose minimale de la microalgue (Odontella aurita) à incorporer dans le régime pour obtenir un effet positif sur les différents paramètres mesurés. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’effet du lyophilisat d’O. aurita sur les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire induits par un régime hyperlipidique chez le rat. Les résultats ont montré, que l'apport d'O. aurita induit une diminution de la glycémie et des teneurs en lipides plasmatiques ainsi qu’une réduction de l'agrégation plaquettaire. Nous avons ensuite comparé les effets de cette microalgue avec l’huile de poisson. Pour cela une étude nutritionnelle a été réalisée chez des rats soumis à un régime hyperlipidique supplémenté ou non avec du lyophilisat d’O. aurita ou de l’huile de poisson. Il a ainsi été montré que la supplémentation en lyophilisat d’O. aurita et en huile de poisson diminue l’agrégation plaquettaire et le stress oxydatif. Nous avons par la suite comparé les effets de l’huile de poisson riche en oméga-3, et de l’huile d’argan riche en oméga-6 et oméga-9. Nos résultats montrent que les 2 sources diminuent l’agrégation plaquettaire et les facteurs de risque du syndrome métabolique mais leurs mécanismes d’action semblent être différent. En complément Nous avons sur l’huile d’argan, réalisé au Maroc une étude clinique pour rechercher l’effet antiagrégant et hypolipémiant chez des patients dyslipidémiques. Les résultats obtenus montrent une amélioration significative des lipides athérogènes chez les patients consommant de l'huile d’argan. Cette amélioration consiste en une baisse très significative des taux de cholestérol total et de LDL-cholestérol sériques auxquels s'ajoutent une diminution de l’agrégation plaquettaire et du stress oxydatif chez les patients consommant de l'huile d’argan

Verb Derivation Patterns among Moroccan Arabic Heritage Speakers in France: Pedagogical Implications

This study investigates the acquisition of verb derivation patterns by 15 Moroccan Arabic heritage speakers in France. The patterns studied were the basic, causative, medio-passive, and reciprocal. The data were gathered through a production experiment. The main finding was that a semantic distinction realized by pattern alternation was neutralized in the heritage language. The basic pattern and periphrastic constructions were used predominantly in medio-passive and reciprocal target data. The basic pattern was acquired by all participants, while only 40% acquired the causative, although the phonological form of the causative pattern was modified in the heritage language. The medio-passive and reciprocal patterns were not acquired. There were significant differences between the four patterns. Less marked and more common morphological structures characterized the heritage language. Neutralization in verb patterns showed that participants spoke a variety of Arabic in which certain morphosyntactic forms were reanalyzed

Taller de lectura expresiva: la lectura expresiva como herramienta para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa de los alumnos de 1º de la ESO

Màster Universitari de Formació del Professorat de Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Facultat d'Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutor: José Torregrosa AzorEl taller de lectura que se presenta es una propuesta didáctica que surge de la carencia, observada durante las prácticas externas, del desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en las aulas de secundaria. Concretamente centrando la atención en la destreza de la lectura expresiva y, por ende, la comunicación oral. La unidad pretende aportar algunas orientaciones didácticas para trabajar dicha tipología de lectura (lectura expresiva) y se trata de un primer punto de partida interesante que será implementado y mejorado con el tiempo, en función de los resultados obtenidos. La propuesta didáctica, dirigida a los alumnos de 1º de la ESO, siguiendo una metodología que combina el trabajo cooperativo e individual y apostando por un aprendizaje significativo, no solamente tiene el interés por mejorar la comprensión de lo oral y, sobre todo, de lo escrito, sino que también la interpretación de lo comprendido y tener la capacidad de ofrecer un punto de vista formado y coherente, además de mejorar de forma simultánea el autoconcepto emocional de los alumnos.The expressive reading workshop that is presented in the current research paper is didactic proposal that arises from the scarcity observed of the development of communicative competence in secondary school classes during the period of external practices. The focus of this investigation relies on specifically in the focusing attention on the skill of expressive reading and, therefore, oral communication. The didactic unit hopes to provide some didactic guidelines to work on expressive reading and it is an interesting first starting point that will be implemented and improved over time, depending on the results obtained. The didactic proposal, destined to Secondary School (1º ESO) students, following a methodology that combines both cooperative and individual work and likewise wagering on significative learning, not only has an interest in improving the understanding of orality and, above all, writing, but also the interpretation of what is understood and having the ability to offer a formed and coherent point of view, in addition to simultaneously improving the emotional self-concept of students

Prolongation anormale d’un bloc fémoral analgésique: cas Clinique

La prolongation anormale d'un bloc nerveux peut être définie comme un dépassement du délai habituel de récupération sensitive ou motrice. A travers un cas clinique d'une prolongation anormale d'un bloc analgésique et une revue de la littérature, les auteurs discutent les facteurs de risque et les moyens de prévention de cette complication.Key words: Bloc nerveux fémoral, dexamethasone, prolongation anormal

Syndrome coronarien aigue suite à une injection accidentelle intraveineuse de Bupivacaine

Les erreurs médicamenteuses constituent une complication très redoutable en anesthésie. La fréquence des erreurs médicamenteuses par administration serait de l'ordre 1/10 000 à 1/1000. Nous rapportons un cas d'injection accidentelle de bupivacaine en intraveineuse directe. Il s'agissait d'un jeune patient classé ASA I qui était prévu pour cure chirurgicale d'une hydrocèle unilatérale sous rachianesthésie. Une injection de 12,5 mg de bupivacaine et 25 μg de fentanyl étaient injectés après un reflux net du liquide céphalorachidien sans  incident. Après installation de la rachianesthésie, le début de l'intervention était autorisé sans incidents. Une sédation de confort était décidée. Juste après apparaissait des troubles de rythme à type tachycardie  ventriculaire avec une élévation de taux de troponines en post opératoire. L'évolution était marquée par une normalisation de la troponine au troisième jour post opératoire et sorti de l'hôpital au cinquième jour

Detection and characterisation of multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MRP-1) in human mitochondria

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of plasma membrane multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MRP-1) can lead to multidrug resistance. In this study, we describe for the first time the expression of mitochondrial MRP-1 in untreated human normal and cancer cells and tissues. METHODS: MRP-1 expression and subcellular localisation in normal and cancer cells and tissues was examined by differential centrifugation and western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Viable mitochondria were isolated and MRP-1 efflux activity measured using the calcein-AM functional assay. MRP-1 expression was increased using retroviral infection and specific overexpression confirmed by RNA array. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion and annexin V-propidium iodide labelling of cells. RESULTS: MRP-1 was detected in the mitochondria of cancer and normal cells and tissues. The efflux activity of mitochondrial MRP-1 was more efficient (55-64%) than that of plasma membrane MRP-1 (11-22%; P<0.001). Induced MRP-1 expression resulted in a preferential increase in mitochondrial MRP-1, suggesting selective targeting to this organelle. Treatment with a non-lethal concentration of doxorubicin (0.85 nM, 8 h) increased mitochondrial and plasma membrane MRP-1, increasing resistance to MRP-1 substrates. For the first time, we have identified MRP-1 with efflux activity in human mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial MRP-1 may be an exciting new therapeutic target where historically MRP-1 inhibitor strategies have limited clinical success