FROM ZERO TO HERO: THE HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1299-1566 AD)

ABSTRACT – This research investigates the origins of the Ottoman Empire from the time they wandered from their homeland to the establishment of the empire, which eventually expanded across Asia, Africa, and Europe. The dynamics that led to its transformation into a major and influential empire over an extended period are of particular interest. This study is a literature review that utilizes a qualitative descriptive method with a historical approach, comprising four steps: heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that the Turks originated from Central Asia. They migrated in search of a better life, free from Mongol disruptions and terror. During their lengthy journey, they lost their supreme leader, Sulaiman, who drowned in the suddenly swelling Euphrates River as they were crossing it, leading to the tribe splitting into two groups. The first group, led by Sankurtakin and Kun-Togdai, the first and second sons of Sulaiman, did not continue the journey but returned to their homeland. Meanwhile, the second group, led by Erthogrol and Dandan, the third and fourth sons of Sulaiman, continued their journey to Turkistan and eventually reached Anatolia. It was this second group that later transformed into the Ottoman Empire

0REACTUALIZATION NORMA AS A REALITY IN LAW EASTERN COASTAL AREA OF ACEH:"Case Study Role of Islamic Law in the Perspective of Sociological"

Human from birth has been equipped with the instinct to live together with other people, because it will be arise a desire for orderly life, which regularly organized according to a person not necessarily for others. Of the need for such guidelines was born the norm or rules which essentially arises from a view of the value of human behaviour which is the benchmark (foundation)   behaviour   are   considered   appropriate   and   is   derived   from   normative   or philosophical thought. The norm has been maintained for years, even ingrained in the communities themselves, so it is used as the handle legal norms, worldview, way of life for the community. However, why do people sometimes forget that these norms as though it  was opposed by their own.The goal is how customary systems are confirmed in law and society is able to adopt the customs and religions that have been confirmed in a law, and the role of the clergy.This study is taking in ‘Eastern Coastal Area Of Aceh’ heterogeneous, targeting the younger generation of students, where they will be as the user in performing the customary Shari'ah. Studies used descriptive analytical writing with qualitative methods.The obtained was lack of transparency, seemed stiff even as though the law only blunt the sharp downward but upward. This is because umaro not have the ability to be a good role model to the community, and still is need for learning.Keywords: norms, umaro, students, Shari'ah, worldvie

PEMBELAJARAN AMTSILATIT- TASRIFIYAH DENGAN METODE BERNYANYI

Berbagaiupayadariguru bahasa Arabagar pesertadidik memahamimateridan menguasaibahasaArabtelahdilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh.Pesertadidik dengan tingkatmotivasiyangrendahmenuntutguru untuk menghadirkan pendekatanpembelajaranyangmenarikdaninovatif baikpendekatanisi maupun prosesyangmeliputimetodedanmedia pembelajaranbahasaArab. Pada prinsipnyapembelajaranamtsilat at-tasrifiyah yangdirasa berat olehpeserta didik pemula,hendaknyadibuatmenyenangkan dantidak sulit. Contohyang dilakukan paraulamaadalahdengan menyajikan materidengan lagu-lagu nadzam. Pembelajaran dengan iramalagusudahadasejak abadke-3 Hijriah. Penelitian iniberusahauntuk mengetahuikeefektifan pembelajaranamtsilatat- tasrifiyahdenganiramalagu sertabagaimanameningkatkankualitas pembelajaran. Penelitianinimenggunakanpendekatan kuantitatifdengan jenis penelitian Pre-Eksperimental Design.Hasilpenelitiandarihasilpretestdan posttestmengalamipeningkatan danmenunjukkanbahwapenggunaanlagu efektifmeningkatkanprosespembelajaranamtsilatat-tasrifiyah   menjadilebih baik.Halinijugaberdasarkanhasilujipairedsampletestdengannilaisignifikansi (2-talled)0,0000,05menunjukkan adanyaperbedaan yangsignifikanantara variabelawal(pretest). Inimenunjukkanterdapatpengaruh yangbermakna terhadapperlakuan yangdiberikan, Denganintervalyangmenunjukkan adanya efektivitas penerapanlagupada taraf 95%

Coffee Consumption of Istanbul City Communities in the XVI-XVIII Centuries AD

This research aims to describe and answer the following questions; What is the image of the people of Istanbul City in the 16th Century AD?, How did coffee shops develop in the City of Istanbul?, and what was the coffee consumption of the people of Istanbul City in the 16th-18th Century AD? To answer this question the author uses historical research methods. The historical method is carried out systematically and objectively through several stages; topic selection, heuristics, historical criticism, interpretation and historiography. The approach used is a sociological approach. This research concludes that amidst the progress of the city of Istanbul in the 16th century AD, people had many choices of activities to fill their free time. Various entertainment venues are present, the most important of which is the presence of coffee shops. In 1554 AD, the first coffee shop opened in the Tahtakale District. The ulama had issued a haram fatwa against coffee shops, but coffee shops continued to open, even the Janissaries got involved in the coffee shop business in the 18th century AD. Ottoman Turkish coffee was made by roasting, then cooling, grinding, brewing, pouring into a teapot, and serving. in the cup. What's interesting is that coffee is a part of proposal or wedding ceremonies, and coffee shops are an important place to socialize

Moral and Spiritual Perspectives in the Semantic Study of the Poem Da’il Ayyama Taf’alu Ma Tasya‘u by Imam Asy-Syafi’i

Research is a study of the elements that form poetry. In analyzing poetry, attention is usually paid to the relationship between lyrics in verses, the relationship between verses, intrinsic elements in verses, and the message conveyed by a poet, and includes the style of language used and the meaning contained in a poem. This study aims to analyze the aspects of lexical semantics and grammatical semantics in the poem by Imam Asy-Syafi'i entitled "Da'il Ayya>ma Taf'alu Ma> Tasya>‘u. The method used in this study is analytical descriptive research with a literature study approach to the analysis of lexical semantics in the meaning of individual words and grammatical semantics in the meaning of word structures. The results of the study indicate that this poem contains lexical meaning and grammatical meaning in strengthening the moral and spiritual messages of the contents of the poem. In terms of morals and ethics, this poem emphasizes noble values such as generosity and loyalty, which are the foundation of harmonious social relations and reflect strong faith, while in a spiritual context, this poem reminds us that everything in this world is ephemeral. Nouns such as "الأيام" (days), "حوادث الدنيا" (world events), and "المنايا" (death) emphasizes that worldly life is a journey full of trials and ends in certain death. Interrelated moral and spiritual values include patience, sincerity, generosity, justice, and awareness of the transience of the world. Keywords: Lexical semantic analysis, grammatical semantic analysis, Poetry Da'il Ayyama Taf'alu Ma Tasya'u, Imam Ash-Shafi'i

KITAB ULUMUL QUR’AN DI KALANGAN ULAMA BANJAR ABAD XVII-XXI: SEBUAH KAJIAN HISTORIS ANALITIS

Kajian ini berupaya memetakan kitab-kitab Ulumul Qur’an yang ditulis ulama Banjar dari masa ke masa, yang mana sebelumnya belum pernah terpetakan. Tujuannya adalah untuk melihat dan menemukan bagaimana peta perkembangan kajian Ulumul Qur’an di kalangan ulama Banjar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan analisis data deskriptif analitik. Hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa ada total 39 kitab ulama Banjar di bidang Ulumul Qur’an. Secara umum kepenulisan Ulumul Qur’an di tanah Banjar terbagi menjadi tiga fase. Fase pertama pengenalan Ulumul Qur’an, fase kedua ulama Banjar mulai menulis Ulumul Qur’an dan fase ketiga penulisan Ulumul Qur’an dilakukan lebih bervariasi. Sementara itu, yang membedakan antara kitab Ulumul Qur’an yang ditulis ulama tradisional dan akademisi terletak pada kajian analitisnya. Dalam konteks kesinambungan dan perubahan, kitab-kitab Ulumul Qur’an yang ditulis ulama tradisional adalah model pengulangan, mengikuti dan meringkas kitab-kitab Ulumul Qur’an sebelumnya. Sedangkan sebagian kitab Ulumul Qur’an dari kalangan akademisi masuk model Ulumul Qur’an kontemporer yang memasukkan teori modern dalam kitabnya

Raden Kusuma Darsono: Literary History and Noble Value on Serat Pancadriya (1899)

The purpose of this article was to elucidate the origins of the Serat Pancadriya manuscript, the field of Serat Pancadriya philology, and the remarkable principles of Serat Pancadriya itself. Using a historical method, the authors applied the stages of gathering, analysing, interpreting, and writing (historiography). The Serat Pancadriya manuscript, which can be accessed online using the manuscript code NB 18 at the Khastara National Library of Indonesia, served as the primary source. The validity of the manuscript was then evaluated internally through philological approaches and theories used during the interpretation stage in order to identify the noble values found in the Serat Pancadriya. After every phase was completed, the following conclusions were reached about the composition of this article: Written by Raden Koesoemo Darsono on May 16, 1899 AD in Besuki, the Serat Pancadriya contains three noble values: philosophical, divine, politeness, and moral. Philological studies in text criticism have found writing errors in the form of lacunae, additions, ditographies, substitutions, and combinations

Feminisme dalam Peradaban Islam

Buku Feminisme dalam Peradaban Islam merupakan ij- tihad dalam bentuk kerjasama antara Kementerian Pember- dayaan Perempuan dan Anak (KPPA) dan Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Ampel, Sura- baya. Kedua belah pihak merasa berkepentingan dalam konteks membangun kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia melalui para mahasiswa yang akan menjadi agent of social change (agen- perubahan social). Kesadaran yang dimaksud adalah realitas tentang peran-peran penting para perempuan muslimah dalam lintasan panjang Sejarah Peradaban Islam di berbagai bidang kehidupan, baik agama, social, politik, budaya, pendidikan, dan lain sebagainya. Peran-peran penting perempuan dalam khazanah Sejarah Peradaban Islam untuk alasan tertentu dalam kurun waktu yang panjang relative kurang mendapat perhatian dalam ranah public luas. Selain karena dimensi sejarah identic dengan ma- skulinitas, dalam beberapa decade abad modern, peran-peran perempuan relative dibatasi dalam ruang-ruang public. Karena itulah, sejarah peran-peran siginifikan perempuan dalam lin- tasan sejarah menjadi alpa alias luput dari perhatian banyak pi- hak. Melalui kesadaran kritis dengan lahirnya gerakan gender di bawah paying demokratisasi, hak asasi manusia, pluralism, multikulturalisme dan seterusnya, tema-tema tentang perem- puan mulai mendapat perhatian serius. Buku ini memberi banyak informasi, selain tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam sendiri yang menjadi core, juga data maupun fakta menarik tentang peran-peran penting yang dimainkan para perempuan muslimah dalam rentang panjang dinamika masyarakat muslim. Secara periode, buku ini menampilkan data tambahan seputar peran-peran perempuan mulai era pra-Islam, era Nabi Muhammad SAW, baik di Makkah mau- pun Madinah. Pada fase ini saja dapat diketahui, bahwa, Islam melalui peran Nabi Muhammad SAW telah melakukan revolu- si kebudayaan yang tidak ada bandingannya. Di tengah domi- nasi budaya patriarkhi berabad-abad, Nabi Muhammad SAW melakukan perubahan mendasar dengan memberi banyak per- an-peran public bagi kaum perempuan. Realitas ini tidak hanya berhenti di era Nabi Muhammad SAW. Peran-peran yang tidak kalah penting bagi kaum perem- puan terus mendapat tempat di era Khulafaurrasyidin (Sahabat Abu Bakar al-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Ustman bin Affan, dan Ali bin AbiThalib). Dikisahkan, sosok Umar bin Khattab yang dikenal tegas dan keras, ternyata sangat demokratis suatu saat dikritik oleh salah seorang perempuan. Peristiwa ini ter- ekam dalam sejarah. Tidak sedikit perawi-perawi hadist berasal dari para istri sahabat. Tidak sedikit pula, para muslimah men- gambil peran dalam perang, pendidikan, dan bidang-bidang lainnya. Peran-peran demikian ini terus terjaga hingga abad- abad berikutnya, baik di era Dinasti Bani Umaiyyah dan durasi panjang Dinasti Bani Abbasyiah