Metal Distribution and Short-Time Variability in Recent Sediments from the Ganges River towards the Bay of Bengal (India)

The Ganges River receives inputs from highly populated cities of India (New Delhi, Calcutta, among others) and a strong influence of anthropogenic activities until reaching the Bay of Bengal. It is a seasonal river with 80% of discharges occurring between July and October during monsoon. The land-based activities next to the shore lead to discharges of untreated domestic and industrial e uents, inputs of agricultural chemicals, discharges of organic matter (cremations), and discharges of chemicals from aquaculture farms. In spite of the UNESCO declaring Human Patrimony the National Park Sundarbans, located in the delta, contamination has increased over time and it dramatically intensifies during the monsoon period due to the flooding of the drainage basin. Vertical element distribution (Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was studied in sediments collected in di erent stations towards the Hügli Estuary. Results determined no vertical gradient associated with the analyzed sediment samples, which informs about severe sediment dynamic in the area that probably relates to tidal hydrodynamics and seasonal variation floods. The multivariate analysis results showed di erent associations among metals and in some cases between some of them (Co, Zn, Pb, and Cu) and the organic carbon. These allow the identification of di erent geochemical processes in the area and their relationship with the sources of contamination such as discharge of domestic and industrial e uents and di use sources enhanced by the monsoons. Also, an environmental risk value was given to the studied area by comparing the analyzed concentrations to quality guidelines adopted in other countries. It showed an estimated risk associated with the concentration of the metal Cu measured in the area of Kadwip

Optimal hedging of Derivatives with transaction costs

We investigate the optimal strategy over a finite time horizon for a portfolio of stock and bond and a derivative in an multiplicative Markovian market model with transaction costs (friction). The optimization problem is solved by a Hamilton-Bellman-Jacobi equation, which by the verification theorem has well-behaved solutions if certain conditions on a potential are satisfied. In the case at hand, these conditions simply imply arbitrage-free ("Black-Scholes") pricing of the derivative. While pricing is hence not changed by friction allow a portfolio to fluctuate around a delta hedge. In the limit of weak friction, we determine the optimal control to essentially be of two parts: a strong control, which tries to bring the stock-and-derivative portfolio towards a Black-Scholes delta hedge; and a weak control, which moves the portfolio by adding or subtracting a Black-Scholes hedge. For simplicity we assume growth-optimal investment criteria and quadratic friction.Comment: Revised version, expanded introduction and references 17 pages, submitted to International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF

The underdetermined knowledge-based theory of the MNC

This paper revisits two core propositions in the knowledge-based view of the firm propounded in the seminal work by Kogut and Zander (1993): (a) that MNCs exist because transfers and re-combinations of knowledge occur more efficiently inside MNCs than between MNCs and third parties, and (b) the threat of opportunism is not necessary (although it may be sufficient), to explain the existence of the MNC. We question these conclusions, arguing that firms are only one of many types of ‘epistemic communities’ possessing and nurturing procedural norms, identity, and the cognitive, linguistic and reflexive attributes conducive to efficient exchange and recombination of knowledge. Through their ability to attenuate opportunism, the existence of non-firm epistemic communities has interesting implications not only for the knowledge-based view but also for the applicability of transaction cost economics in the analysis of the scope of the firm

Growth Optimal Investment and Pricing of Derivatives

We introduce a criterion how to price derivatives in incomplete markets, based on the theory of growth optimal strategy in repeated multiplicative games. We present reasons why these growth-optimal strategies should be particularly relevant to the problem of pricing derivatives. We compare our result with other alternative pricing procedures in the literature, and discuss the limits of validity of the lognormal approximation. We also generalize the pricing method to a market with correlated stocks. The expected estimation error of the optimal investment fraction is derived in a closed form, and its validity is checked with a small-scale empirical test.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

When the Genome Plays Dice: Circumvention of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Near-Random Chromosome Segregation in Multipolar Cancer Cell Mitoses

Background: Normal cell division is coordinated by a bipolar mitotic spindle, ensuring symmetrical segregation of chromosomes. Cancer cells, however, occasionally divide into three or more directions. Such multipolar mitoses have been proposed to generate genetic diversity and thereby contribute to clonal evolution. However, this notion has been little validated experimentally.Principal Findings: Chromosome segregation and DNA content in daughter cells from multipolar mitoses were assessed by multiphoton cross sectioning and fluorescence in situ hybridization in cancer cells and non-neoplastic transformed cells. The DNA distribution resulting from multipolar cell division was found to be highly variable, with frequent nullisomies in the daughter cells. Time-lapse imaging of H2B/GFP-labelled multipolar mitoses revealed that the time from the initiation of metaphase to the beginning of anaphase was prolonged and that the metaphase plates often switched polarity several times before metaphase-anaphase transition. The multipolar metaphase-anaphase transition was accompanied by a normal reduction of cellular cyclin B levels, but typically occurred before completion of the normal separase activity cycle. Centromeric AURKB and MAD2 foci were observed frequently to remain on the centromeres of multipolar ana-telophase chromosomes, indicating that multipolar mitoses were able to circumvent the spindle assembly checkpoint with some sister chromatids remaining unseparated after anaphase. Accordingly, scoring the distribution of individual chromosomes in multipolar daughter nuclei revealed a high frequency of nondisjunction events, resulting in a near-binomial allotment of sister chromatids to the daughter cells.Conclusion: The capability of multipolar mitoses to circumvent the spindle assembly checkpoint system typically results in a near-random distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells. Spindle multipolarity could thus be a highly efficient generator of genetically diverse minority clones in transformed cell populations

Best Practices in Creating a Healthy School Lunch Program

Childhood obesity has become an epidemic in the United States. Diet is the most significant contributor to childhood obesity and a large portion of school children’s calories are derived from school meals. This research project will seek to understand the school lunch program and what can be done to improve it. The research seeks to understand the current state of the school lunch program through literature review and surveys of schools. The research will include interviews with directors of nutrition from schools that have achieved best practices. It will focus specifically on improvements schools have made to their school lunches, the difficulty of each change, and how they were able to make the improvements

FUELS MANAGEMENT POLICY AND PRACTICE IN THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE

This dissertation investigates the history and development of wildland fire and fuels management policy in the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the implementation of this policy in fuels management project planning at the national forest and ranger district levels. The policy guiding fuels management is broad and ambiguous but may be summarized as: 1) reducing the risks posed by wildland fire and 2) restoring or maintaining ecosystem health and sustainability. Wildland fire management policy is interagency in scope, including input from state governments and is dispersed among a multitude of policy and strategy documents, such as the 1995/2001 Federal Wildland Fire Policy, successive fire policy implementation guidelines as well as the various documents collectively known as the National Fire Plan. To these policy documents have been added the legislation and regulatory enactments of the Healthy Forest Initiative. The relationship between these policy and strategy documents and these legislative and regulatory enactments is not well defined nor are concepts such as risk, restoration and ecosystem health or sustainability. There is no clear guidance for determining environmental conditions or management actions that contribute to risk or sustainability or for adjudicating conflicts between them. This research examined three national forests in the Forest Service Northern Region; the Bitterroot, Helena and Kootenai, to understand how fuels management project proposals are developed and to identify the key factors that affect this development. The results suggest that fuels management project proposals are developed within a loosely defined process called NFMA analysis. It is an iterative process of negotiation with specialists from other resource management programs in which a project’s objectives and treatments are refined and defined. This research suggests that the key factors that affect the development of project proposals are fuels management acreage targets and the budget associated with this target and the costs associated with data collection and analysis estimated by managers to be necessary for regulatory and policy compliance and to mitigate the threat of litigation. Some recommendations are offered in the context of current efforts to develop a cohesive wildfire management strategy and new forest planning regulations

Domestic Biodiesel Viability in the US vs EU

Biodiesel is used to a greater extent in the EU than the US. Tax incentives in the US have not been renewed for small businesses, as seen below. EU provides producer tax exemption if under 2,500 L biodiesel production. Ethanol is the most taxed transport fuel in the EU, while it is viewed as the biofuel of choice in the U.S. Inconsistencies in the RFS are unfavorable to biodiesel production in the U.S. The EU and US share little in terms of public policies and financial support of biodiesel -EU supports it to a great extent, US doesn’t. A weak amount of social involvement is the root cause of lack of biodiesel policies in U.S. Increasing public knowledge could improve thi

Lignin biomarkers as tracers of mercury sources in lakes water column

This study presents the role of specific terrigenous organic compounds as important vectors of mercury (Hg) transported from watersheds to lakes of the Canadian boreal forest. In order to differentiate the autochthonous from the allochthonous organic matter (OM), lignin derived biomarker signatures [Lambda, S/V, C/V, P/(V ? S), 3,5-Bd/V and (Ad/Al)v] were used. Since lignin is exclusively produced by terrigenous plants, this approach can give a non equivocal picture of the watershed inputs to the lakes. Moreover, it allows a characterization of the source of OM and its state of degradation. The water column of six lakes from the Canadian Shield was sampled monthly between June and September 2005. Lake total dissolved Hg concentrations and Lambda were positively correlated, meaning that Hg and ligneous inputs are linked (dissolved OM r2 = 0.62, p\0.0001; particulate OM r2 = 0.76, p\0.0001). Ratios of P/(V ? S) and 3,5-Bd/V from both dissolved OM and particulate OM of the water column suggest an inverse relationship between the progressive state of pedogenesis and maturation of the OM in soil before entering the lake, and the Hg concentrations in the water column. No relation was found between Hg levels in the lakes and the watershed flora composition—angiosperm versus gymnosperm or woody versus non-woody compounds. This study has significant implications for watershed management of ecosystems since limiting fresh terrestrial OM inputs should reduce Hg inputs to the aquatic systems. This is particularly the case for largescale land-use impacts, such as deforestation, agriculture and urbanization, associated to large quantities of soil OM being transferred to aquatic systems

Master\u27s recital in jazz pedagogy: A performance-demonstration of rhythm section instruments, compositions and arrangements by Josh Hakanson

This recital is presented to demonstrate skills and competencies on the rhythm section instruments piano, bass, and drums, as well as showcase compositions and arrangements by the recitalist. The study of the rhythm section instruments has been a valuable asset to my teaching and allowed me to expand my knowledge of how these instruments are used in a functional jazz context. The study of jazz composition and arranging techniques has also supplemented my teaching skills and given me the satisfaction of both writing and performing my own works. Though this recital is not a comprehensive overview of my study at University of Northern Iowa, it is my intention that it demonstrates many aspects of my experience