Lungscreening och effekten på lungcancerdödlighet Är det en effektiv metod?

Den främsta anledningen till den låga prognosen för lungcancer är att den oftast upptäcks i ett avancerat stadium där behandling har liten effekt. En tidig diagnos har bättre chans att behandlas och därmed bättre prognos. Detta är ett av de starkaste argumenten för att överväga implementering av ett nationellt screeningprogram. NLST studien är tills idag en av de få studier som rapporterat en minskad lungcancer dödlighet på 20 %. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det finns tillräckligt med vetenskapligt stöd för att lungscreening med lågdos CT skulle kunna vara en effektiv metod att implementera för att minska dödligheten i lungcancer bland högriskgrupper. Genom en litteraturstudie granskades vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade efter NLST studien, för att ta reda på om det finns tillräckligt med bevis inom kunskapsområdet. I resultaten från föreliggande studie observerades ingen skillnad i lungcancer dödlighet bland screeninggrupper och kontrollgrupper. Resultaten visade ingen skillnad observerad dödlighet trots högre detektionsgrad, där majoriteten av lungcancerfallen diagnostiseras i tidigt stadium. För att garantera att ett lungscreeningprogram gör mer nytta än skada visade studierna även på att rätt riskgrupp bör screenas för att säkerställa att fördelarna med ett screeningprogram överväger skadorna. Genom att inkludera deltagare med bland annat KOL och andra riskfaktorer för cancer kan man minska risken för överdiagnostik. Då det höga detektionsantalet skulle kunna vara resultatet av överdiagnostik är det ett viktigt problem att ta hänsyn till. Men då lungcancer är progressiv och dödlig om lämnad oupptäckt kan fördelarna uppväga risken för överdiagnostik. Medan ett screeningprogram kan diagnostisera flera lungcancerfall, varav de flesta i ett tidigare stadium, har de insamlade resultaten i denna studie inte varit tillräckliga för att säkerställa effekten av lungscreening för lungcancerscreening. Nuvarande riktlinjer för lungscreening kan ha potential för ökad detektion av lungcancer, men mer forskning behövs för att dra definitiva slutsatser gällande effekten av lungscreeningprogram med LDCT

Harnessing the Power of Culture and Cultural Intelligence within Knowledge Management

As smart machines and artificial intelligence become more prevalent in the workplace, organizations must prioritize building a culture that supports knowledge management initiatives. However, cultural diversity may hinder effective knowledge sharing, transfer, and collaboration. Organizations must cultivate cultural intelligence to overcome these challenges and fully utilize the potential of culture. This chapter investigates the role of culture and cultural intelligence. It examines the significance of culture in knowledge management. It offers practical examples and best practices from organizations such as IBM and Unilever for utilizing culture to improve knowledge management practices. The chapter examines the relationship between culture and KM and discusses cultural intelligence, its importance, and its application. Additionally, the chapter delves into strategies employed by IBM and Unilever to cultivate a culture that supports knowledge management. By examining their success stories, valuable insights and best practices can be derived

Marriage and Kinship among the Amirs of the Banū al-Ḥusayn: The Rise of the Buḥturid Qadis in Rural Mamluk Syria (Eighth/Fourteenth Century)

The clan structure of the Banū Buḥtur is particularly well documented during the third reign of al-Nāṣir Muḥammad. Within this extended family from rural Syria, the amir al-Ḥusayn was renowned for his political skill, which allowed his descendants, the Banū al-Ḥusayn, to become local authorities for nearly two centuries. In this article, I focus on the role played by this eminent figure in founding an amirate in his native village of ʿBayy and advancing the economic and political interests of his kin, known as “the amirs of Gharb.” Through an anthropological reading of the local chronicles, I show how al-Ḥusayn implemented a bilateral rather than a purely patrilineal kinship system, which became the good practice (sunnah) of the Banū Buḥtur and drove their esprit de corps. I also examine al-Ḥusayn’s redefinition of clan kinship, including the notion of elective kinship, which resulted from exogamous matrimonial alliances forged with families outside the house of Buḥtur and enabled the amir to confer the local judicature (niyābat al-quḍāh) to members of his family. The case of the Banū Buḥtur enriches our knowledge of the Mamluk judicial organization in which the exercise of justice in the outlying territories was delegated to qadi substitutes from local families

The Role of the Internet in Intelligence Gathering and Spreading Propaganda

The analysis of American intelligence as an academic discipline exhibits an excellent level of integration regarding subject matter and methods from military history and strategic studies. The knowledge and information revolution steered a different online culture of sharing and oversharing. While the study of intelligence has primarily been associated with historical methods thus far, opportunities for innovation are also afforded by advances in theoretical and conceptual thinking about intelligence. Such revolutions can help intelligence history while concurrently enlightening the disputes on intelligence in the twentyfirst century. The takings from the information age consist of low cost for access to data and significant dependence on the Internet. Intelligence agencies profit from the Internet equally through open sources and concealed data gathering from networked computers (Haines, 2004). In addition, Information gathering through Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, blogs, and several social media sites, to name a few, facilitated intelligence gathering all over the world. While some researchers may argue that social media may be an intelligence-gathering tool, several reports revealed that it could also be used for propaganda and misinformation or is intelligence in support of secret operations. This project will investigate how the Internet and the use of Social Media in particular, along with the military strategy of a country, can affect the design of its market intelligence processes

Rethinking Credentials for Aviation Sustainability: A DACUM Approach

The pandemic of COVID-19 Millennials aren\u27t the youngest working generation anymore, and Gen Zers are the new kids on the block. This group of individuals, born between 1995 and 2019, already makes up 5% of the total U.S. labor force, roughly 9 million people. However, the skills gap is real and exists, one in which research shows that new college graduates either do not have all the skills employers want, or they are not doing an excellent job of demonstrating those skills in their resumes. Sustainability programs consistently encounter challenges that threaten the future as a viable academic discipline. It is exceptionally critical that academicians recognize these challenges, their implications and thus devise particular approaches to address them. Therefore, this research aims to identify what constitutes aviation and aerospace sustainability job skills to align better, improve, and fortify course content to support undergraduate and graduate students\u27 future employment. Furthermore, this research intends to reinforce a present research effort to bridge the skills gap between industry needs for sustainability in aviation and aerospace workforce and university curricula

Elite Resilience in Lebanon at a Time of Deep Crises

Online paper commissioned by Institute for Social Justice and Conflict Resolution at the Lebanese American University, as part of its Carnegie-funded grant 'Resilience and Inclusive Politics in the MENA region'