New palladium(II) and platinum(II) 5,5-diethylbarbiturate complexes with 2-phenylpyridine, 2,2’-bipyridine and 2,2’-dipyridylamine : synthesis, structures, DNA binding, molecular docking, cellular uptake, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity

Peer reviewedPostprin

Analiza učestalosti goveđeg beta-kazeina tipa A1 i A2 u krava holštajnsko-frizijske pasmine PCR-om u stvarnom vremenu s fluorescentnim hibridizacijskim sondama

A2 milk popularity is increasing across the world and novel molecular techniques have been evaluated to develop reliable methods. This study aimed to genotype Holstein-Friesian cows concerning their A1/A2 status using Real-time PCR assay with the specifically designed FRET hybridization probes. In this context, DNA samples were obtained from 310 Holstein-Friesian milk samples. Concerning the Real-time PCR assay, the melting temperature of each amplicon was analyzed and the melting data was converted to a derivative plot using the LightCycler 480 System. The sensor probe was designed to match the wild-type sequence in the target DNA. In the Real-time PCR assay, the melting peaks obtained in the Real-time PCR assay were highly decisive and consistent for each genotype regarding CCT→CAT alteration. The results indicated a remarkably high frequency of the A2 allele (68%) and a considerable frequency of heterozygous animals (0.41). Population genetic analysis showed intermediate levels of genetic variability and biodiversity. The A2-herd conversion process is a complex process consisting of genetic testing of both cows and calves, evaluating replacement rates, and the conversion of heterozygotes by using A2-genotyped bull semen. In this sense, the key point is a reliable and rapid genotyping method to produce A1-free milk. This study suggests that Real-time PCR assay with the specifically designed FRET hybridization probes is a preferable method for A2 genotyping, and may be useful for further studies and instructive for companies or breeders who aim to produce A2 milk.Popularnost mlijeka s A2 tipom beta-kazeina sve je veća diljem svijeta što je popraćeno razvojem novih i pouzdanijih metoda za molekularne analize. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bila genotipizacija holštajnsko-frizijskih krava s obzirom na A1/A2 status primjenom PCR-a u stvarnom vremenu (RT-PCR) s posebno dizajniranim FRET hibridizacijskim sondama. DNA je dobivena iz uzoraka mlijeka 310 krava. RT-PCR-om analizirana je temperatura taljenja svakog amplikona te su ti podaci uz upotrebu sustava LightCycler 480 korišteni za iscrtavanje grafičkih prikaza. Senzorska sonda dizajnirana je tako da odgovara divljem tipu sekvencije u ciljnoj DNA. Vršne vrijednosti taljenja dobivene RTPCR-om bile su postojane razlučivosti za svaki genotip s obzirom na promjenu CCT→CAT. Rezultati su pokazali vrlo visoku učestalost alela A2 (68 %) i znakovitu učestalost heterozogotnih životinja (0,41). Genetska analiza u populaciji pokazala je srednje vrijednosti genetske varijabilnosti i bioraznolikosti. Proces usmjeravanja uzgoja prema životinjama s A2 tipom mlijeka složen je proces koji uključuje genetsko testiranje krava i teladi, procjenu stopa zamjene i konverziju heterozigota upotrebom A2-genotipiziranog sjemena bikova. U tom je smislu ključna brza i pouzdana metoda genotipizacije životinja koje proizvode mlijeko bez A1 tipa beta-kazeina. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da se RT-PCR s posebno dizajniranim hibridizacijskim FRET sondama može preporučiti za A2 genotipizaciju goveda. Navedena metoda mogla bi biti korisna u daljnjim istraživanjima te u industriji i u uzgoju stada za proizvodnju mlijeka s A2 tipom beta-kazeina

Procjena nekih čimbenika okoliša i genetskih čimbenika (CSN3 i AGPAT6) na prinos i sastav mlijeka u sanske koze

This study was designed to determine the effect of some environmental factors on milk yield and composition in Saanen goats and the effect of CSN3 and AGPAT6 gene polymorphisms on milk production traits. Saanen goats were genotyped for milk traits, and the samples were collected during the lactation, and the milk yield/compositions of each goat were specified. In terms of the CSN3 and AGPAT6 genes, the genotypes were defined by PCR-RFLP. The milk yield (MY), lactation length (LL), protein, fat, total solid (TS), solid not fat (SNF), casein, lactose rates and yields were as follows; 388.9 ± 17.5 kg, 243 ± 5.81 days, 3.29 ± 0.05%, 3.59 ± 0.07%, 11.60 ± 0.13%, 8.43 ± 0.06%, 2.57 ± 0.04%, 4.31 ± 0.03%, 11.21 ± 0.47 kg, 12.79 ± 0.64 kg, 40.95 ± 1.82 kg, 29.53 ± 1.31 kg, 8.82 ± 0.37 kg, 15.40 ± 0.74 kg respectively. The determined genotype and allele frequencies of CSN3 and AGPAT6 gene were as follows; FF (%99.20), MF (%0.80), F (0.996), M (0.004); GG (%12), GC (%43.20), CC (%44.80), G (0.336), C (0.664). The impacts of lactation length on all milk yield parameters (protein, fat, TS, SNF, casein, lactose, MY) (PG), the herd was found to be monomorphic (FF) for the CSN3 gene. The effect of the AGPAT6 gene on milk traits in Saanen goats was determined not to be statistically significant. Environmental factors, such as maternal age and lactation length, were found to significantly affect some milk traits in Saanen goats. So consideration of factors such as maternal age or lactation length could be useful for improving breeding strategies for dairy goats.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se odredili učinci čimbenika okoliša te učinci genskih polimorfizama CSN3 i AGPAT6 na prinos i sastav mlijeka u sanske koze. Tijekom laktacije koza provedena je genotipizacija te prikupljani uzorci za utvrđivanje prinosa i sastava mlijeka. Genotipovi gena CSN3 i AGPAT6 određeni su PCR-RFLP-om. Prinos mlijeka (MY), duljina laktacije (LL), udio proteina, udio masnoće, udio suhe tvari (TS), udio nemasne suhe tvari (SNF), udio kazeina, udio laktoze bili su kako slijedi: 388,9 ± 17,5 kg, 243 ± 5,81 dana, 3,29 ± 0,05 %, 3,59 ± 0,07 %, 11,60 ± 0,13 %, 8,43 ± 0,06 %, 2,57 ± 0,04 %, 4,31 ± 0,03 %. Prinos u kg za protein, masnoću, suhu tvar, nemasnu suhu tvar, kazein i laktozu bili su kako slijedi: 11,21 ± 0,47 kg, 12,79 ± 0,64 kg, 40,95 ± 1,82 kg, 29,53 ± 1,31 kg, 8,82 ± 0,37 kg, 15,40 ± 0,74 kg. Utvrđeni genotipovi i učestalost alela gena CSN3 i AGPAT6 bili su: FF (99,20 %), MF (0,80 %), F (0,996), M (0,004), GG (12 %), GC (43,20 %), CC (44,80 %), G (0,336), C (0,664). Statistički znakoviti utjecaji utvrđeni su za: duljinu laktacije na pokazatelje prinosa mlijeka (proteine, masnoću, TS, SNF, kazein, laktozu, MY) (P G), dok je stado za gen CSN3 bilo monomorfno (FF). Učinak gena AGPAT6 na svojstva mlijeka nije bio statistički znakovit. čimbenici kao što su dob majke i duljina laktacije znakovito su utjecali na svojstva mlijeka sanske koze, stoga bi oni mogli biti korisni za unapređenje uzgojnih strategija mliječnih pasmina koza

The effects of calcineurin inhibitors on sperm dna fragmentation in male kidney transplant recipients

Bu çalışma, 28-31, Mayıs 2015 tarihlerinde London[İngiltere]’de düzenlenen 52. Congress of the European-Renal-Association-European-Dialysis-and-Transplant-Assocation Kongresi‘nde bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.European Renal AssocEuropean Dialysis & Transplant Asso

Effect of STAT1, OLR1, CSN1S1, CSN1S2 , and DGAT1 genes on milk yield and composition traits of Holstein breed

ABSTRACT The objectives of the study were to evaluate allelic frequencies and test the association between STAT1, OLR1, CSN1S1, CSN1S2 , and DGAT1 gene polymorphisms and milk production traits including lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield, days before peak milk production, and peak milk yield. In addition, samples of milk were analysed for fat, protein, lactose, and total solid contents. A total of 168 purebred Holstein-Fresian cows were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Statistical analysis was carried out using least square methods of the general linear model procedure. Significant differences were found between genotypes of the CSN1S2 locus in relation to milk protein content. In addition, DGAT1 was significantly associated with peak milk production. These results suggested that CSN1S2 and DGAT1 markers may be evaluated to achieve various commercial goals in dairy cattle production

The establishment of primary cell culture from canine mammary gland tumor

BACKGROUND: In dogs, an insufficient variety of cell lines commercially available or difficulties in obtaining the existing cell lines developed from various studies results in a limited number of cytotoxicity and related molecular studies integrated with clinical practice. Hence, the doses of many drugs or supportive treatments used in canine tumor cases are adjusted based on studies in humans. OBJECTIVE: A cell line was established from a benign mixed tumor of the canine mammary gland. METHODS: Following surgical removal of the tumor, mechanical dissociation, and PBS washing, a culture process of the tumor cells was performed, including the passaging, freezing, and thawing stages. After several passages, the morphological characteristics of the cells at the logarithmic growth phase were observed under a phase-contrast microscope. RESULTS: The microscopy of the cells cultured on plastic dishes revealed monolayer colonies. The average passage time, which was 5–6 days in the first three passages, decreased to 2–3 days after the third passage. Microscopic examination of tumor cells revealed an adherent, stellated, and spindle-shaped structure. CONCLUSIONS: No difference was observed in the viability and morphology of the cells thawed even after the long period of freezing (∼18 months). The different canine cell lines can provide promising molecular applications that can be adapted into practical clinics in veterinary science.</jats:p

The Effect of Some Environmental Factors on Growth Performance and Reproductive Traits in Saanen Goats

This study was carried out to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on growth and reproductive traits in Saanen goats. For this aim, total of 274 Saanen goats and kids were investigated for growth and reproductive traits in South Marmara Region of Turkey. Fertility parameters were evaluated during two reproductive years. Saanen kids were measured from birth to 6 months of life. The average live weights at birth, weaning, 60th, 90th, 120th and 180th days of age were calculated and determined as 3.05±0.04kg, 11.80±0.27kg, 12.26±0.08kg, 14.20±0.32kg, 17.41±0.45kg, 25.01±0.65kg, respectively. The effects of sex and birth type on live weights until 90th days of age; maternal age only on birth weight; month at birth on all of investigated days were found significant statistically. The pregnancy, birth rate per pregnancy (BRP), birth rate per mating (BRM), infertility, abortion, kidding rate (single, twin or triplet), survival rate (until weaning), number of kids per parturition (NKP), number of kids per mating (NKM) were found; 92.98%, 85.07%, 91.25%, 7.02%, 8.75%, 36.12%, 49.00%, 14.88%, 89.13% and 1.74±0.06, 1.42±0.07 respectively. The effects of maternal age on all rates (out of BRM and abortion rate); the year on birth, abortion, single kidding rate, survival rate and NKM were found significant for reproductive traits. The advanced reproductive performance and rapid growth rates were observed in Saanen goats. Environmental factors such as age, year, sex, birth type and month at birth were found significant on some growth and reproductive traits in Saanen. So consideration of these factors could be useful as a selection criteria in dairy goat breeding.</jats:p

Comprehensive assessment of candidate genes associated with fattening performance in Holstein–Friesian bulls

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected candidate genes with fattening performance traits in a commercial cattle herd. Fifteen SNPs in 12 candidate genes (LEP, FABP4, DGAT1, TG, IGF1, IGF1R, MYF5, LGB, CAPN1, CAST, GHR, and OLR1) were evaluated in 296 purebred Holstein–Friesian bulls using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism). Associations between each segregating SNP and genetic merit for fattening performance were quantified using linear mixed models. Traits included in the study were fattening period, final weight, dry matter intake, feed conversion rate, and average daily weight gain. Apart from the general determination of the above-mentioned traits, each trait was evaluated based on the fattening periods between five selected target body weights (W1 = 100 kg, W2 = 200 kg, W3 = 300 kg, W4 = 400 kg, W5 = 450 kg). All markers with the exception of CAPN1 530, IGF1R, TG, and DGAT1 were associated with at least one of the traits. Furthermore, novel associations were observed for LEP × GHR, IGF1 × LEP, FABP4 3691 × FABP4 2834, and FAP4 3533 × LEP interactions. The results of this study confirm some previously reported associations. Moreover, novel associations have been identified, which may be incorporated into breeding programs to improve fattening performance. </jats:p