Intelligence Operations Conducted on Martin Luther King Jr. and His Loose Morals: The Changing Motivations for His Surveillance

The United States intelligence community took great pride in producing insightful intelligence for the protection of threats to their nation and its citizens. However, the government\u27s intentions for surveillance under their administrations can be questioned when analyzing the individual governmental agendas for conducting surveillance against American citizens. One American consecutive administration targeted in particular was Martin Luther King Jr. Throughout Marin Luther King Jr.’s public career there was a constant effort on the part of the government to conduct surveillance of his every move. The National Security Agency’s (NSA) justification under project MINARET for the surveillance of King was claimed to be for discouraging civil disturbance.1 However, agencies\u27 motivations for the surveillance of King changed under each change in presidency. Moreover, the NSA and FBI’s surveillance of King gradually intensified during the Eisenhower Administration and into the Nixon Administration. The government\u27s claim that King was a civil disturbance to national security never wavered, however, how the agencies themselves surveilled King to protect against this threat took different forms throughout the sixties. This paper’s case study on the NSA”s and FBI’s intelligence on Martin Luther King Jr. gives insight into the history of surveillance technology and how the history of technology is inseparable from social histories

The Role of Relationships in the Professional Formation of Physicians

BACKGROUND: Studies of the professional development of physicians highlight the important effect that the learning environment, or \ hidden curriculum,\ has in shaping student attitudes, behaviors, and values. We conducted this study to better understand the role that relationships have in mediating these effects of the hidden curriculum. [See PDF for complete abstract

Mediation and Access to Justice in Africa: Perspectives from Ghana

Mediation and other ADR processes have been promoted vigorously in developing countries under the banner of access to justice. As a result, many African countries are experiencing a transformation of their civil justice systems with modern dispute resolution gaining a strong foothold throughout the African continent. Influenced by promises of increased flexibility and efficiency in resolving disputes, greater access to justice, and in some cases, promotion of foreign investment, legislators and policy-makers have become active both in promoting and in privatizing modern dispute resolution processes. There is nothing new about the use of informal and non-adversarial dispute resolution processes in African states. Many of them have had a long tradition of using customary dispute resolution processes including negotiation, mediation and arbitration to resolve legal and social conflicts. As modern dispute resolution enters its third decade of practice in several emerging democratic African countries, there has been resistance to what are considered the “compromise values” of ADR. Given this push back, it is time to take stock and reflect on some of the critical questions raised by ADR’s promise of access to justice in Africa. What is the relationship between the important values and normative principles of customary African dispute resolution and modern dispute resolution? What is ADR’s added value to customary African dispute resolution? What are litigants’ perceptions of justice in ADR processes such as mediation? This Article reflects on these inquiries through the lens of the evolving dispute resolution regime of mediation in Ghana, considered generally to be West Africa’s most stable democracy. While Ghana has zealously embraced the ADR access to justice project, there has been some resistance to settlement and to what is perceived as the compromise values of ADR. The state has responded to resistance by making mediation mandatory in some court programs, thereby diminishing the value of consent. This Article argues that the access to justice promised by ADR processes such as mediation must be rooted in authentic consent. This is the way forward that will enhance mediation’s potential for furthering the values of democratic participation in emerging African democracies

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

ARID1B is a specific vulnerability in ARID1A-mutant cancers

Summary Recent studies have revealed that ARID1A is frequently mutated across a wide variety of human cancers and also has bona fide tumor suppressor properties. Consequently, identification of vulnerabilities conferred by ARID1A mutation would have major relevance for human cancer. Here, using a broad screening approach, we identify ARID1B, a related but mutually exclusive homolog of ARID1A in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, as the number one gene preferentially required for the survival of ARID1A-mutant cancer cell lines. We show that loss of ARID1B in ARID1A-deficient backgrounds destabilizes SWI/SNF and impairs proliferation. Intriguingly, we also find that ARID1A and ARID1B are frequently co-mutated in cancer, but that ARID1A-deficient cancers retain at least one ARID1B allele. These results suggest that loss of ARID1A and ARID1B alleles cooperatively promotes cancer formation but also results in a unique functional dependence. The results further identify ARID1B as a potential therapeutic target for ARID1A-mutant cancers

Properties of local interactions and their potential value in complementing genome-wide association studies

Local interactions between neighbouring SNPs are hypothesized to be able to capture variants missing from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) via haplotype effects but have not been thoroughly explored. We have used a new high-throughput analysis tool to probe this underexplored area through full pair-wise genome scans and conventional GWAS in diastolic and systolic blood pressure and six metabolic traits in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study cohort (ARIC). Genome-wide significant interactions were detected in ARIC for systolic blood pressure between PLEKHA7 (a known GWAS locus for blood pressure) and GPR180 (which plays a role in vascular remodelling), and also for triglycerides as local interactions within the 11q23.3 region (replicated significantly in NFBC1966), which notably harbours several loci (BUD13, ZNF259 and APOA5) contributing to triglyceride levels. Tests of the local interactions within the 11q23.3 region conditional on the top GWAS signal suggested the presence of two independent functional variants, each with supportive evidence for their roles in gene regulation. Local interactions captured 9 additional GWAS loci identified in this study (3 significantly replicated) and 73 from previous GWAS (24 in the eight traits and 49 in related traits). We conclude that the detection of local interactions requires adequate SNP coverage of the genome and that such interactions are only likely to be detectable between SNPs in low linkage disequilibrium. Analysing local interactions is a potentially valuable complement to GWAS and can provide new insights into the biology underlying variation in complex traits

Membrane anchoring stabilizes and favors secretion of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase

Carbapenems, 'last-resort' β-lactam antibiotics, are inactivated by zinc-dependent metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The host innate immune response withholds nutrient metal ions from microbial pathogens by releasing metal-chelating proteins such as calprotectin. We show that metal sequestration is detrimental for the accumulation of MBLs in the bacterial periplasm, because those enzymes are readily degraded in their nonmetallated form. However, the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) can persist under conditions of metal depletion. NDM-1 is a lipidated protein that anchors to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Membrane anchoring contributes to the unusual stability of NDM-1 and favors secretion of this enzyme in outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs containing NDM-1 can protect nearby populations of bacteria from otherwise lethal antibiotic levels, and OMVs from clinical pathogens expressing NDM-1 can carry this MBL and the bla[subscript NDM] gene. We show that protein export into OMVs can be targeted, providing possibilities of new antibacterial therapeutic strategies.Kinship Foundation. Searle Scholars ProgramMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistr

Measurement of the top quark mass using the matrix element technique in dilepton final states

We present a measurement of the top quark mass in pp¯ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The data were collected by the D0 experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.7  fb−1. The matrix element technique is applied to tt¯ events in the final state containing leptons (electrons or muons) with high transverse momenta and at least two jets. The calibration of the jet energy scale determined in the lepton+jets final state of tt¯ decays is applied to jet energies. This correction provides a substantial reduction in systematic uncertainties. We obtain a top quark mass of mt=173.93±1.84  GeV

Workplace shortage Impact on Vermont Developmental Service Organizations

Background: Difficulty in maintaining workforce serving the Intellectual development disabled (IDD) population and the recruitment and training of direct support professionals (DSPs) is a barrier to care for the IDD population. A high turnover rate can put a large financial burden on these organizations and have a negative impact on the quality of life of the IDD population. Our study aimed to address the current understaffing of Vermont developmental services organizations, like Champlain Community Services (CCS) on the health of individuals with IDD and the surrounding community. Methods: We utilized raw data collected from CSS addressing employee satisfaction, consumer satisfaction and employee turnover. Additionally, focus groups of public health workers in the VT care partner network and CCS consumers were completed. Results: CCS data from 2016-2022 showed a higher turnover rate for employees with less tenure, appearing to indicate that employees who are new to the company may struggle with adjusting to the job. When surveyed on different dimensions of satisfaction from 2019-2022, CCS employees reported the lowest satisfaction in Work Life Balance and Pay/Benefits. These outcomes were supported in the qualitative data collected in the focus groups. Employment Support services—measured in VT population receiving Disability services— appeared to show a downward trend in all services received from 2018-2022. Conclusion: The results provide a framework for local care partners to improve their staffing crisis and the health of VT residents with developmental disabilities and suggest a focus for more standard data collection in the future to show correlative outcomes.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1352/thumbnail.jp