Design of pitch angle controller for wind turbine based on pi neurofuzzy model

Aerodynamic torque of wind turbine is adjusted by controlling the pitch angle of the blades of the turbine when the wind speed is higher than rated wind speed. So that, in the recent research in this field, the pitch angle controller becomes dominated controller type for extracting the electrical power from the wind energy. Three types of the pitch angle control systems are designed to construct the speed controller: conventional PI controller, Neurofuzzy controller and modified PI-Neurofuzzy controller. The results are shown that the modified PI-Neurofuzzy controller is more efficient than the others because the rotation speed of generator is kept almost constant. It means that the generated output power has remained constant at maximum power limited even the wind speed rises up the rated wind speed

Design and Implementation of Wireless 4-20 mA Current Simulator

This paper presents new device to simulate and inject a 4-20 mA current signal to PLC and control on this signal wirelessly. The proposed simulator device has been designed and implemented by a PIC 18f4520 microcontroller and an Ethernet click. This device is connected to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) via Wi-Fi router using TCP/IP protocol. The simulator has two channels for 4-20 mA current output signals with two channels for digital output signals, controlled by a laptop or a smart mobile. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of the Wi-Fi wireless technology for remote controlling on the 4-20 mA output current signal and the digital output signal in the designed simulator device. The experiments indicate that the proposed wireless simulator outputs the 4-20 mA current with high accuracy and very fast response. The experiments also indicate that the proposed wireless simulator is easy, comfortable and convenient practically to use in the test operations of protections, interlocks and integrity of analog input channels for PLC compared to the wired simulator.</jats:p

Modeling and Control of Water Level in Boiler Drum for Nassiriyah Thermal Power Plant

The boiler drum process is a nonlinear, complex and multivariable process which includes significant time delay. Therefore, the control on the water level in the drum is not easy and ideal. The first objective of this paper is to model the drum water level referring to 210 MW power unit for Nassiriyah thermal power plant. The second objective is to study the water level controller operation with its performance investigation. Firstly, the drum water level process has been modelled based on first principles by two models: the proposed simplified linearized model and the complicated nonlinear model. Then, a comparison between the extracted practical plant data and the water level results simulated by the two models demonstrate the validity of both models with very good approximations. Secondly, Proportional Integral (PI) controller based on three element water level control strategy and used in this plant, has been described and simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The controller parameters have been selected according to practical considerations. These considerations are minimizing as possible, a number of the close and open commands to the feedwater flow control valve to extend its lifetime with maintaining the drum water level on a set point. The controller has been tested to evaluate its performance for different values of proportional gain (Kp), integral gain (Ti), gain of steam flow signal (Gx2), and gain of mass feedwater flow signal (Gx3). Firstly, the results show that selection of Kp is difficult because of the tradeoff between fast dynamic response and steady state performance. Secondly, the results show selection of Ti affects only steady state performance. Finally, the results show that selection of Gx2 and Gx3 plays an important role in stability of the drum water level

Universal Object Motions: Theory

Postulates govern ing universal object motion s are hypothesized. All o bjects display mass, geometry, and wavelengths (colors) determined either by their inherent properties of transmission or by their interactions with rays of different wavelengths. T h is paper proposes that RMs , which will be defined later, are the fundamental caus ation of motion in the Universe The motion of objects in the Universe is governed by Newton 's laws of motion and laws of gravitation. Einstein’s special theory of relativity defines the motion of objects through relativistic frames and makes a bold hypothesis that no object in the universe can surpass the speed of light. However, both, Newton’s and Einstein’s theories simply ignore the geometry of objects in defining the motion. This paper will explain ho w the number of objects (defined here as RM), geometry of objects and emission/reflective property of objects are the fundamental cause for the origination of motion It is critical to understand how the number of objects, geometrical structure of objects and emission/reflective behaviour of objects can result in the occurrence of motion in the form of translational, rotational and revolution. When the properties of objects such as geometry, light emission and the number of objects change, motion changes its forms. This paper is intended to be first of series of papers that will explain the nature of objects, their motion behavior s, and the fundamental nature of a Universe observed via the various object behavior

Universal Object Motions: Theory

Postulates governing universal object motion s are hypothesized. All o bjects display mass, geometry, andwavelengths (colors) determined either by their inherent properties of transmission or by their interactions withrays of different wavelengths. T h is paper proposes that RMs , which will be defined later, are the fundamentalcaus ation of motion in the UniverseThe motion of objects in theUniverse is governed by Newton 's laws of motion and laws of gravitation. Einstein’sspecial theory of relativity defines the motion of objects through relativistic frames and makes a bold hypothesisthat no object in the universe can surpass the speed of light. However, both, Newton’s and Einstein’s theoriessimply ignore the geometry of objects in defining the motion.This paper will explainho w the number of objects (defined here as RM), geometry of objects andemission/reflective property of objects are the fundamental cause for the origination of motion It is critical tounderstand how the number of objects, geometrical structure of objects and emission/reflective behaviour ofobjects can result in the occurrence of motion in the form of translational, rotational and revolution. When theproperties of objects such as geometry, light emission and the number of objects change, motion changes its forms.This paperis intended to be first of series of papers that will explain the nature of objects, their motion behavior s,and the fundamental nature of a Universe observed via the various object behavior s</p

Design and Implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy Controller Using FPGA for Sun Tracking System

Nowadays, renewable energy is being used increasingly because of the global warming and destruction of the environment. Therefore, the studies are concentrating on gain of maximum power from this energy such as the solar energy. A sun tracker is device which rotates a photovoltaic (PV) panel to the sun to get the maximum power. Disturbances which are originated by passing the clouds are one of great challenges in design of the controller in addition to the losses power due to energy consumption in the motors and lifetime limitation of the sun tracker. In this paper, the neuro-fuzzy controller has been designed and implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board for dual axis sun tracker based on optical sensors to orient the PV panel by two linear actuators. The experimental results reveal that proposed controller is more robust than fuzzy logic controller and proportional-integral (PI) controller since it has been trained offline using Matlab tool box to overcome those disturbances. The proposed controller can track the sun trajectory effectively, where the experimental results reveal that dual axis sun tracker power can collect 50.6% more daily power than fixed angle panel. Whilst one axis sun tracker power can collect 39.4 % more daily power than fixed angle panel. Hence, dual axis sun tracker can collect 8 % more daily power than one axis sun tracker.</jats:p

Estimation of Complex Valued Laplacian Matrices for Topology Identification in Power Systems

In this paper, we investigate the problem of estimating a complex-valued Laplacian matrix with a focus on its application in the estimation of admittance matrices in power systems. The proposed approach is based on a constrained maximum likelihood estimator (CMLE) of the complex-valued Laplacian, which is formulated as an optimization problem with Laplacian and sparsity constraints. The complex-valued Laplacian is a symmetric, non-Hermitian matrix that exhibits a joint sparsity pattern between its real and imaginary parts. Thus, we present a group-sparse-based penalized log-likelihood approach for the Laplacian estimation. Leveraging the mixed \ell 2,1 norm relaxation of the joint sparsity constraint, we develop a new alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) estimation algorithm for the implementation of the CMLE of the Laplacian matrix under a linear Gaussian model. Next, we apply the proposed ADMM algorithms for the problem of estimating the admittance matrix under three commonly used measurement models that stem from Kirchhoff and Ohm laws, each with different assumptions and simplifications: 1) the nonlinear alternating current (AC) model; 2) the decoupled linear power flow (DLPF) model; and 3) the direct current (DC) model. The performance of the ADMM algorithm is evaluated using data from the IEEE 33-bus power system data under different settings. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in terms of mean-squared-error (MSE) and F-score, thus providing a more accurate recovery of the admittance matrix.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl