FRECUENCIA DE LAS COMPLICACIONES EXTRACRANEALES DE OTITIS MEDIA EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS EN EL SERVICIO DESCONCENTRADO HOSPITAL PEDI\uc1TRICO "DR. AGUST\ucdN ZUBILLAGA". BARQUISIMETO, ESTADO LARA

La Otitis Media Aguda (OMA) y la Otitis Media Cr\uf3nica (OMC) reagudizada se reportan responsables de complicaciones extracraneales, siendo frecuentes en la poblaci\uf3n pedi\ue1trica, a pesar del advenimiento de los antibi\uf3ticos. Por este motivo se realiz\uf3 un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal que consisti\uf3 en la revisi\uf3n de historias cl\uednicas, siendo la poblaci\uf3n objeto de estudio la totalidad de pacientes hospitalizados en el per\uedodo 2011 - 2015 con los citados diagn\uf3sticos, obteni\ue9ndose una muestra de 23 pacientes que presentaron complicaciones extracraneales. El objetivo principal fue Determinar la frecuencia de las complicaciones extracraneales de Otitis Media en los pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pedi\ue1trico "Dr. Agust\uedn Zubillaga". Se clasificaron los pacientes seg\ufan edad y sexo, resultando un promedio de edad de 4,05 a\uf1os y una predominancia en el sexo masculino. La complicaci\uf3n extracraneal m\ue1s frecuente fue la Mastoiditis Aguda en un 60,86%, seguida del absceso retroauricular. Se estudiaron variables como el tiempo de evoluci\uf3n de la enfermedad y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. El antibi\uf3tico m\ue1s utilizado fue la combinaci\uf3n de Ceftriaxone-Clindamicina seguido por el uso de Ceftriaxone y Ampicilina-Sulbactam como monoterapia. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio fueron comparados con los descritos en la literatura y encontramos grandes similitudes con trabajos realizados tanto en Latinoam\ue9rica como en otros continentes. Concluyendo que a pesar de haber una gran disminuci\uf3n del desarrollo de estas complicaciones, a\ufan constituyen un problema de salud que no se debe menospreciar, vigilando de cerca su evoluci\uf3n. PALABRAS CLAVE: Otitis Media. Complicaciones extracraneales. Hospitalizaci\uf3n. ABSTRACT Acute Otitis Media (AOM) and chronic otitis media (COM) are responsible for extracranial acute complications, which are reported to be common in the pediatric population, despite the advent of antibiotics. For this reason a descriptive study which consisted in the review of medical records of all hospitalized patients was performed, with the population studied in the period 2011 - 2015 with the above diagnoses, obtaining a sample of 23 patients who presented extracranial complications. The main objective was to determine the frequency of the extracranial complications of Otitis Media in hospitalized patients in the Deconcentrated Service of Pediatric Hospital "Dr. Agust\uedn Zubillaga". Patients were classified according to age and sex, resulting in an average age of 4.05 years and a male predominance in sex. The most common extracranial complication was Acute Mastoiditis in a 60,86%, followed by retroauricular abscess. Variables such as time of disease progression and length of hospital stay were studied. The most commonly antibiotic used was the combination of Ceftriaxone-Clindamycin followed by the use of Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin-Sulbactam as monotherapy. The results obtained in this study were compared with those described in the literature and found great similarities with work done both Latin America and other continents. Concluding that despite a decrease in the development of these complications are still a health problem that should not be underestimated, watching developments closely. KEY WORDS: Media Otitis. Extracranial omplications. Hospitalization. <br

Liver enzyme changes following the consumption of ginger and eccentric exercise in overweight girls

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two weeks ginger supplement on some liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) following eccentric activity in overweight girls. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 28 overweight female students were randomly divided into two complementary (n=14) and placebo (n=14) groups. The supplement group consumed 2 grams of ginger powder daily for two weeks. The exercise protocol consisted of two sessions of exhausting activity (negative slope on treadmill, one session before and one session after two weeks of supplementation) with an initial speed of 4 km/h and an initial gradient of 2. Blood samples were measured in four stages before and immediately after the exercise in two steps before and after the use of ginger supplement to measure changes in liver enzymes. Results: The results showed that eccentric activity increased the AST, ALP and ALT levels. Also, there was no significant difference in the AST, ALP and ALT levels between the supplement and placebo groups after two weeks of ginger supplementation (P&ge;0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the use of ginger had a small effect in the improvement of liver enzyme serum levels. Therefore, the intensity and duration of the effective exercise, especially when consuming ginger, needs to be further investigate

Testing Profitability of Momentum Investment Strategy in ISE

Aim of this study is to investigate profitability of momentum investment strategy in ISE. Sample of the study consists of the stocks traded in National Market of ISE from July 2000 to June 2010. We use 3, 6, 9, 12 month holding and testing periods. Performance of momentum strategy is tested by t-test, Jensen method and Fama-French three factor model. Analysis results suggest that momentum strategy appears to have a poor performance for 3, 6 and 9 month periods. However, on the contrary, momentum strategy seems to be profitable for 12 month formation period.Momentum Strategy, Efficent Market Hypothsis, Behavioral Finance.

Spatiotemporally restricted arenavirus replication induces immune surveillance and type I interferon-dependent tumour regression

Immune-mediated effector molecules can limit cancer growth, but lack of sustained immune activation in the tumour microenvironment restricts antitumour immunity. New therapeutic approaches that induce a strong and prolonged immune activation would represent a major immunotherapeutic advance. Here we show that the arenaviruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and the clinically used Junin virus vaccine (Candid#1) preferentially replicate in tumour cells in a variety of murine and human cancer models. Viral replication leads to prolonged local immune activation, rapid regression of localized and metastatic cancers, and long-term disease control. Mechanistically, LCMV induces antitumour immunity, which depends on the recruitment of interferon-producing Ly6C+ monocytes and additionally enhances tumour-specific CD8+ T cells. In comparison with other clinically evaluated oncolytic viruses and to PD-1 blockade, LCMV treatment shows promising antitumoural benefits. In conclusion, therapeutically administered arenavirus replicates in cancer cells and induces tumour regression by enhancing local immune responses

Differential spatial repositioning of activated genes in Biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with Schistosoma mansoni

Copyright @ 2014 Arican-Goktas et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease infecting mammals as the definitive host and fresh water snails as the intermediate host. Understanding the molecular and biochemical relationship between the causative schistosome parasite and its hosts will be key to understanding and ultimately treating and/or eradicating the disease. There is increasing evidence that pathogens that have co-evolved with their hosts can manipulate their hosts' behaviour at various levels to augment an infection. Bacteria, for example, can induce beneficial chromatin remodelling of the host genome. We have previously shown in vitro that Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic cells co-cultured with schistosome miracidia display genes changing their nuclear location and becoming up-regulated. This also happens in vivo in live intact snails, where early exposure to miracidia also elicits non-random repositioning of genes. We reveal differences in the nuclear repositioning between the response of parasite susceptible snails as compared to resistant snails and with normal or live, attenuated parasites. Interestingly, the stress response gene heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 is only repositioned and then up-regulated in susceptible snails with the normal parasite. This movement and change in gene expression seems to be controlled by the parasite. Other differences in the behaviour of genes support the view that some genes are responding to tissue damage, for example the ferritin genes move and are up-regulated whether the snails are either susceptible or resistant and upon exposure to either normal or attenuated parasite. This is the first time host genome reorganisation has been seen in a parasitic host and only the second time for any pathogen. We believe that the parasite elicits a spatio-epigenetic reorganisation of the host genome to induce favourable gene expression for itself and this might represent a fundamental mechanism present in the human host infected with schistosome cercariae as well as in other host-pathogen relationships.NIH and Sandler Borroughs Wellcome Travel Fellowshi

Evidence-Based Policies on Mathematics Education in Europe

Evidence-based polices have important place for the educational development. Monitoring and reporting activities through national and international reports and surveys provide data sources for a comparable education in Europe and make contribution to a more effective policy making process. It is seen that only almost half of the European countries carry out such surveys and reports by the year of 2010/2011 within the context of teaching methods and low achievement in mathematics education. In order to reach to the common educational objectives, systematic data sources are required both in national and international level

Parasitic influences on the host genome using the molluscan model organism biomphalaria glabrata

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni parasites, causing one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in mammals, known as schistosomiasis (Bilharzia). Due to its importance in the spread of the disease B. glabrata has been selected for whole genome sequencing and is now a molluscan model organism. In order to aid the sequencing project and to understand the structure and organisation of B. glabrata’s genome at the chromosomal level, a G-banded karyotype has been established. Unlike in any other previous reports, two heteromorphic chromosomes have been identified in the genome of B. glabrata and for the first time snail ideograms have been produced. In addition to characterising the snail chromosomes, a methodology for mapping single copy B. glabrata genes onto these chromosomes has also been established, and 4 genes have successfully been mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. In the relationship between a parasite and a host organism, it is of fundamental importance to understand the basic biology and interfere with the life cycle to reveal how the parasite controls and elicits host gene expression for its own benefit. This study is also directly addressing this aspect of host – parasite interactions by investigating the effects of schistosome infection on the genome and cell nuclei of the host snail B. glabrata. Upon infection with S. mansoni miracidia, genes known to be involved in the host response to the parasite are dramatically relocated within the interphase snail nuclei. These events are in conjunction with the up-regulation of gene expression, indicating a parasite induced nuclear event. Moreover, a differential response between the schistosome-resistant and schistosome-susceptible snails is also reported. This is the first time this has been described in a host – pathogen relationship. The precise organisation of the genome is critical for its correct functioning. The genome is non-randomly organised and this level of organisation is very much influenced by the nuclear architecture. Being a molluscan model organism with the availability of a unique cell line, B. glabrata is a remarkable organism for the studies of nuclear and genome biology. For this reason, in this thesis the snail nuclear architecture was also investigated. For the first time PML bodies, transcription factories, and nuclear myosin 1 beta have been visualised in the snail nuclei. A heat shock system was also developed to study the role of these structures in the snail. Upon heat stimuli gene loci were found to reposition and co-localise with transcription factories, which was in parallel with the up-regulation of gene expression. The mechanism of this genome reorganisation was explored by investigating nuclear motor structures in the snail. By using a motor inhibitor on snail cells, gene repositioning and subsequent expression after heat shock was blocked. This is the first time this has been shown in any organism. Thus, due to the ease of use of the snails with respect to maintenance, handling, and treatments, B. glabrata is making a very useful new model organism to study spatial genomic events

INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS, WORD READING AND READING COMPREHENSION OF TURKISH STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES

This study investigated the contribution of inflectional morphological awareness to word reading and reading comprehension in the Turkish language. Participants with learning disability, and normally-developing (25 sixth-grades, 25 fourth grades) were given two tasks of inflectional morphological awareness. Furthermore, word reading and reading comprehension were evaluated. It was revealed that possesive inflectional morphology contributed significantly to reading comprehension for students with learning disability, while two inflectional morphology task had a significant contribution to reading comprehension for all students. In conclusion, inflectional morphological awareness may be an important predictor of reading comprehension in Turkish language