eHealth literacy, internet and eHealth service usage: a survey among cancer patients and their relatives

An Krebs erkrankte Patienten und deren Angehörige haben einen erhöhten Informationsbedarf hinsichtlich der Erkrankung (Protiere et al. 2012). Der behandelnde Arzt stellt bisher die meist genutzte Informations- und Aufklärungsquelle zum Krankheitsgeschehen dar. Der zeitlich begrenzte Rahmen der medizinischen Konsultation limitiert jedoch den Umfang der krankheitsbezogenen Wissensvermittlung. Mit zunehmender Digitalisierung wird nun auch das Internet als ein einfacher und weit verbreiteter Zugang zu einer großen Brandbreite an vielversprechenden Informationsquellen von den Betroffenen angesehen. Die unbegrenzte Anzahl an eHealth Angeboten ist von unterschiedlicher Qualität. Daher ist es für die Betroffenen eine Herausforderung die Informationsflut zu bewältigen und zu beurteilen. Die Fähigkeit der Patienten Gesundheitsinformationen aus elektronischen Quellen zu suchen, zu finden, zu verstehen, zu bewerten und auf die Erkrankung oder Fragestellung anzuwenden, wird als eHealth Literacy bezeichnet (Norman and Skinner 2006b). Das Leseverständnis spielt hierbei eine Schlüsselrolle, sodass zahlreiche Testinstrumente, wie etwa TOFHLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults), REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) und SILS (Single Item Literacy Screener), entwickelt wurden, um das Leseverständnis im medizinischen Kontext zu messen. In der Literatur werden bei Patienten inadäquate Health Literacy Levels von 23 % (Morris et al. 2006) bis zu 46 % (Paasche-Orlow et al. 2005) beschrieben. Im Rahmen des HLS-EU-47 (European Health Literacy Survey) wurde das Health Literacy Level in acht europäischen Ländern erhoben. Deutschland lag mit einem Punktwert von 31,9 unterhalb des Durchschnittwertes von 33,8 (Zok 2/2014). Eine adäquate eHealth Literacy ermöglicht den Patienten vertrauenswürdige Gesundheitsinformationen von unseriösen Angeboten aus dem Internet zu differenzieren. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es das allgemeine Internetnutzungsverhalten, die Nutzung von eHealth Angeboten sowie eHealth Literacy bei Krebspatienten und deren Angehörigen zu untersuchen und zu analysieren

Investigation of the Forming Behavior of Copper Wires for the Compaction of Windings for Electric Machines

To meet the increasing demand for highly efficient electric traction drives, the compact winding process has been developed at the wbk Institute of Production Science. One key element of the process chain is the compaction of the round wire stator windings. In order to enable an estimation of the sensitivities of the influencing factors, a simplified finite element simulation model was set up in the present work. In the calculations, the number of wire layers, the layer structure and the punch stroke were selected as factors with three levels each. The evaluation was performed by means of false color images and the maximum strains and stresses in the section plane of the slots

A review of assessment methods for river hydromorphology

The work leading to this paper has received funding for the EU’s FP7 under Grant Agreement No. 282656 (REFORM

Where the wild things grow : a palaeoethnobotanical study of late woodland plant use at Clam Cove, Nova Scotia

Recent palaeoethnobotanical research carried out at the Clam Cove site in the Minas Basin region of Nova Scotia has added new information to the study of Late Woodland (1500-450 BP) hunter-gatherer groups in this area. Flotation of sediments from the Clam Cove site revealed a modest compliment of plant species which made this location ideal as a temporary camp utilized during lithic collection trips to Scots Bay. Flotation and charcoal analyses also uncovered evidence of species not previously recovered at the Clam Cove site, including beech (Fagus grandifolia), poplar (Populus sp.), strawberries (Fragaria sp.) and blueberries (Vaccinium sp.). Most floral remains reflect a strong reliance on local plant species easily gathered from the immediate area. The comparison of these plant species to those identified at the village sites at Melanson and St. Croix also shows a consistent pattern of plant use between habitation and temporary campsites within the region

Ecosystem Consequences of Contrasting Flow Regimes in an Urban Effects Stream Mesocosm Study 1

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73638/1/j.1752-1688.2009.00336.x.pd

Domesticating Chenopodium: applying genetic techniques and archaeological data to understanding pre-contact plant use in southern Manitoba (AD1000-1500).

Current understanding of pre-contact subsistence economies in southern Manitoba indicates hunter-harvester cultural groups were consuming and potentially cultivating domesticated plants (e.g. maize and beans). These may have originated through long distance trade and/or migration stemming from the adjacent Eastern Woodlands region in eastern North America. Within the Eastern Woodlands, native species (e.g. Chenopodium berlandieri) were domesticated for their seed ca. 3500BP. This raises the possibility that cultural groups in southern Manitoba may also have cultivated local native plant species. This interdisciplinary research explored the potential effects of cultivation on plant and seed traits of C. berlandieri. Data were collected to reassess archaeobotanical seed remains from the Lockport (EaLf-1) and Forks (DlLg-33:08A) archaeological sites in southern Manitoba to gain a better understanding of pre-contact subsistence strategies. Ten wild C. berlandieri populations surveyed from southern Manitoba to Ohio revealed that populations within each region produced a wide range of plant and seed phenotypes, including varied seed production. Compared to plant phenotypes from parental populations, wild Manitoba seed grown in a cultivated environment increased in total plant size, seed production and exhibited larger seeds with thinner testas. Similarly, percent germination increased for seed produced in a cultivated setting. Seed size and testa thickness were highly heritable and strongly inversely correlated indicating a firm genetic basis for variation in seed traits. Thus low-level cultivation practices created conditions that would have promoted the evolution of the domesticated phenotype (i.e. large seeds with very thin testas). Archaeological C. berlandieri specimens recovered from the Lockport and Forks sites exhibited testa thicknesses nearer the ‘thin’ end of the natural range of variation (0.025-0.035mm) for wild populations in Manitoba. This range of variation in seed traits appears to match ‘weedy’ populations associated with domesticated goosefoot crops from Eastern Woodland sites. ‘Weedy’ populations exposed to cultivated environments apparently developed intermediate seed phenotypes. In Manitoba, archaeological C. berlandieri seeds that exhibit relatively thin testas may indicate an intermediate ‘cultivated phenotype’ between wild and domesticated seed morphologies.October 201

Death Stories: Finding Meaning in Tragic Narratives Depicted in Theatrical Performance

Why individuals watch dramatized narratives about mortality and futility has been discussed throughout the history of dramatic criticism (Dukore, 1974). However the value in watching tragedy for people’s understanding of death had not been specifically studied. This project explored the reactions of people who watched and performed a tragedy about death to address two research goals: to understand how people react to dramatic portrayals that either enable finding meaning in the tradition of tragedy or challenge the idea of finding meaning in the absurdist tradition, and to document how people report aspects of the play that are helpful for dealing with loss experiences, in particular the role that existential challenges and functional illusions play in their experiences. The basis for this study was a play about the death of a man and its implications for his family. Audience members and creative team members were recruited to participate and reported their reactions to the play in focus group discussions and interviews. Participant reactions were recorded verbatim and analyzed using interpretive description qualitative methodology (Thorne et al., 2004). This was pioneer study that involved a new play and feedback from participants who engaged with that work. The findings suggest that tragedy could be a means of communication about death. In watching a tragedy several psychological and emotional needs are met (Becker, 1973; Greenberg, 1997). The global theme of the analysis was the significance of death stories, which involved three themes: reactions towards the elements of story, the search for meaning in the play, and the power of drama to normalize experiences with death. In particular, the shared experience and participants’ engagement with the play on a personal level appeared to provide ways for them to absorb existential themes in the play and speak to their need to find meaning in death. Participant resonance with the death stories portrayed in the play combined with the death stories they told suggest that narrative may be a powerful device when looking for ways to find significance and solace in loss. These findings highlight ways drama could be helpful in palliative nursing and grief therapy

A knock at the door: politics in the plays of Harold Pinter

Bibliography: p. 79-84In many of Harold Pinter's plays, the conflict is set in motion by the arrival of a visitor at the door. With this unexpected admission a particular power struggle emerges, and by the end of the play, someone has lost the struggle and someone has won. It would be poetic to say that this very conflict mirrors the events of the Holocaust, that in the end, with the defeat of the Nazis, someone had won. Unfortunately, there were not any winners in the Holocaust, only victims. It is the memory of these victims that motivates Pinter to write the plays that he does, plays that are, at heart, addressing the corruption of mankind

Kompaktwickelprozess zur Erhöhung der Performance von Statoren elektrischer Traktionsantriebe

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat die Entwicklung des Kompaktwickelprozesses zum Gegenstand, der der Herstellung und gleichzeitigen Steigerung der Performance elektrischer Traktionsmaschinen dient. Zunächst werden sowohl der Stand der Technik für Traktionsantriebe (Produkt) als auch die dazugehörige Wickeltechnik (Produktionstechnik) analysiert. Das Ergebnis dieser Analyse ist, dass eine Kombination aus der Hairpintechnologie und der herkömmlichen Runddrahtwickeltechnik Vorteile für Traktionsantriebe erbringen kann, diese aber noch nicht ausreichend erforscht ist. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Kompaktwickelprozess eingeführt, der sich durch die drei folgenden Merkmale des geordneten Lagenaufbaus, der kompaktierten Wicklung und einen flexiblen Wickelkopf auszeichnet. Der geordnete Lagenaufbau ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung zur Kompaktierung der Wicklung, um die durch das Verpressen von Drahtkreuzungen erzeugten Einschnürungen von Drähten zu verhindern. Die Kompaktierung der Wicklung führt zu einem erhöhten Kupferfüllfaktor und einer Steigerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Die flexiblen Wickelköpfe ermöglichen die Reduktion von Verlusten, die durch das elektromagnetische Nutstreufeld ausgelöst werden. In der Analyse und der Entwicklung der Prozessschritte werden durch numerische Simulationen sowie durch experimentelle Versuchsreihen die Prozesskenngrößen der Wicklungsherstellung erforscht. Im Anschluss werden zwei Ansätze des Kompaktwickelprozesses entwickelt. Der sequenzielle Kompaktwickelprozess, bestehend aus dem Schablonenwickler, dem Kompaktierwerkzeug und dem Versuchsstand, dient der Untersuchung der Kompaktwicklung im Forschungsumfeld. Der integrale Kompaktwickelprozess wurde konzeptionell erarbeitet und besteht aus dem Wickelschwert sowie der Einbringvorrichtung. Die Herstellung der Wicklung konnte prototypisch mit einer Universalwickelmaschine nachgewiesen werden. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit beider Ansätze wurde durch die aufgenommenen Fertigungszeiten bewertet. Auf diesem Weg konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass der integrale Kompaktwickelprozess zur Fertigung von Statoren bei kleinen bis mittleren Stückzahlen pro Jahr grundsätzlich konkurrenzfähig sein kann. Weiterhin wurde durch simulative und experimentelle Untersuchungen der Kompaktwicklung festgestellt, dass diese im Vergleich zur Hairpinwicklung deutlich geringere Wechselstromverluste bei hohen Drehzahlen aufweist. Die thermische Leitfähigkeit der Kompaktwicklung wurde analytisch, numerisch und experimentell bestimmt und zwischen den Runddraht- und Hairpinwicklungen eingeordnet

Channel geomorphic units as benthic macroinvertebrate habitat in small, high gradient streams on Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Headwater streams typically have no fish, owing to steep gradients and impassible barriers; therefore, scientific research and protection measures have been focused on fish bearing streams. The Scientific Panel for Sustainable Forest Practices in Clayoquot Sound (CSP) developed a channel classification system which is pertinent to all streams, fishless and fish bearing alike, and upon which management prescriptions in Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia are based (CSP, 1995). The CSP classification delineates channels according to four physical criteria: bed material, gradient, entrenchment, and width. The current study was undertaken to determine the efficacy with which the CSP classification system delineates small, steep streams, on the basis of channel geomorphic units within them, and to examine the benthic macroinvertebrate habitat capability of these geomorphic units. Falls, bedrock cascades, boulder cascades, rapids, chutes, riffles, glides, and pools were described according to their bed slope and dominant channel-material type and organization. In addition, the area of each geomorphic unit was measured. Seventeen streams were grouped into four CSP channel classes which were compared with respect to the mean relative proportion of class area in geomorphic units. Stratified random benthic samples were extracted from geomorphic units in order to investigate and to compare their habitat capability. "Alluvial channels" in the study exhibited only weak, very infrequent fluvial transport; therefore, they were termed semi-alluvial. In general, high gradient geomorphic units (i.e. bedrock and boulder cascades) were dominant in steep, largely non-alluvial channels. Lower gradient units (i.e. riffles and rapids) were common in semi-alluvial streams with more mild slopes. Accordingly, channel classes with opposing bed material and gradient designations exhibited notable differences with respect to relative proportions of geomorphic units while width and entrenchment designations exerted little influence on channel organization. Ultimately, only two of the four CSP classification criteria effectively systematized channels on the basis of channel geomorphic units within them. Abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates was greatest in riffles (≈100 individuals per two minute kick sample), followed by rapids (≈80 individuals/sample), pools (≈70 individuals/sample), boulder cascades (≈60 individuals/sample), chutes (≈50 individuals/sample), and lowest in bedrock cascades (≈25 individuals/sample). In addition, abundance of invertebrates in channels with ephemeral flow regimes was considerably lower compared to channels with seasonal or perennial flow regimes. Ordination of macroinvertebrate taxa showed that community structure of bedrock cascades and chutes were similar but different from other habitats. Similarly, the benthic macroinvertebrate community structure of channels with ephemeral flow regimes was very distinct.Arts, Faculty ofGeography, Department ofGraduat