Caries Management: A Journey between Black’s principals and Minimally Invasive Concepts

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Bonding of Resin-modified glass ionomer-based adhesive to dentine

This journal suppl. entitled: Special Issue: Abstracts of the 2012 FDI Annual World Dental CongressTheme: Preventive dentistry - Public Health (Oral Presentation)OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of conditioning dentine with either 37% phosphoric acid for 5 s or 10% polyacrylic acid (PAA) for 10 s on microtensile bond strength (lTBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer based-adhesive to dentine and micro-morphology of the bonded interface. METHODS: Twenty sound perma...postprin

Relations entre pratiques d'élevage et qualité globale du lait de vache en étables suburbaines au Maroc

L'étude a consisté à évaluer les facteurs de variation de la qualité du lait de vache et à les mettre en relation avec les pratiques d'élevage adoptées dans cinq fermes bovines situées en zone suburbaine au Maroc. Un suivi d'élevage détaillant les modes de conduite des vaches a été adopté. En parallèle, douze prélèvements mensuels de lait de mélange ont été réalisés par ferme et ont été analysés pour leurs qualités physiques et chimiques (pH, température, densité, taux butyreux et protéique...) et hygiéniques. Les résultats montrent le caractère "hors-sol" de la production laitière, largement dépendant des concentrés alimentaires. Le taux butyreux moyen était inférieur à 35 g/kg dans 2 des 5 fermes étudiées. En revanche, le taux protéique était plus stable, illustrant les utilisations massives et généralisées des aliments concentrés. La qualité hygiénique était mauvaise pour tous les échantillons considérés et peu influencée par la réfrigération. Globalement, les résultats témoignent de la variabilité importante de la qualité du lait et de ses relations aux modes d'élevage. Une typologie des échantillons de lait a été élaborée, afin de synthétiser les variations des paramètres du lait. Ces résultats conduisent à proposer des voies de rémunération des éleveurs en fonction des caractéristiques du lait pour inciter les producteurs de la filière à adopter une politique de qualité

Improved liquid chromatographic method for determination of carotenoids in carrot

Carotenoids are a large class of plant metabolites with a function of either essential nutrients or health promoting compounds for humans. Carrot root is a well-known and significant source of dietary carotenoids, mainly: α- and β-carotene, lutein and lycopene. These pigments are the main carotenoids separated and quantified routinely by HPLC analysis. However, little is known about minor carotenoids, carotenoid esters and the carotenoids present in leaves despite their potential interest in metabolic and physiological studies. Previous works used C-18 columns but these stationary phases provide a poor resolution of structurally similar compounds and geometrical isomers. In recent years, C-30 columns have been developed and successfully applied at the separation of carotenoids from various plant materials, the number of resolved carotenoids being significantly improved. Based on literature procedures, we have developed a HPLC-DAD method with a C-30 column, adapted to the quantification of carotenoid compounds from carrot roots and leaves. A simple and rapid extraction method was optimized for both these types of samples on a panel of 5 genotypes displaying distinct root colours (different carotenoid composition and contents). Carotenoids from roots were separated in 23 minutes while carotenoids and chlorophylls from leaves were separated in 42 minutes. Compounds were identified according to their retention time and UV-visible spectrum in comparison with authentic standards (analysed individually and in combination, in the same conditions), or with data from literature, when standards were unavailable. Results showed that carrot root exhibited a simple profile with only 1 to 3 main carotenoids whereas a more complex composition was noticed in leaves, containing both identified and unidentified carotenoids and chlorophylls. Moreover, the composition was quite conservative for leaves but depended on the genotype for roots

Improved Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Carotenoids in Carrot

 Improved Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Carotenoids in Carro

QTL mapping of carrot resistance to leaf blight with connected populations: stability across years and consequences for breeding

Combining biparental and multiparental connected population analyses was useful for the identification of 11 QTLs in two new genetic backgrounds of carrot resistance to Alternaria dauci and for breeding recommendations. Leaf blight due to the fungus Alternaria dauci is the major carrot foliar disease worldwide. Some resistance QTLs have been previously identified in one population, but the evaluation of additional genetic backgrounds with higher level of resistance would give opportunities for breeders to combine them by pyramiding. For this purpose, two segregating populations were evaluated twice across 4 years in the same environment (1) to compare the efficiency of the single vs. the connected populations approach for characterizing the new sources of carrot resistance to Alternaria dauci; (2) to evaluate the stability of QTLs over the years; and (3) to give recommendations to breeders for marker-assisted selection. Single and connected analyses were complementary; their combination allowed the detection of 11 QTLs. Connected analyses allowed the identification of common and specific QTLs among the two populations and the most favorable allele at each QTL. Important contrasts between allelic effects were observed with four and five most favorable alleles coming from the two resistant parental lines, whereas two other favorable alleles came from the susceptible parental line. While four QTLs were consistent across years, seven were detected within a single year. The heritabilities for both populations PC2 and PC3 were high (75 and 78 %, respectively), suggesting that the resistance of carrot to A. dauci was little affected by these environmental conditions, but the instability of QTL over years may be due to changing environmental conditions. The complementarity between these parental lines in terms of interesting allelic combinations is also discussed

Interplay of Sugar, Light and Gibberellins in Expression of Rosa hybrida Vacuolar Invertase 1 Regulation

Our previous findings showed that the expression of the Rosa hybrida vacuolar invertase 1 gene (RhVI1) was tightly correlated with the ability of buds to grow out and was under sugar, gibberellin and light control. Here, we aimed to provide an insight into the mechanistic basis of this regulation. In situ hybridization showed that RhVI1 expression was localized in epidermal cells of young leaves of bursting buds. We then isolated a 895 bp fragment of the promoter of RhVI1. In silico analysis identified putative cis-elements involved in the response to sugars, light and gibberellins on its proximal part (595 bp). To carry out functional analysis of the RhVI1 promoter in a homologous system, we developed a direct method for stable transformation of rose cells. 5′ deletions of the proximal promoter fused to the uidA reporter gene were inserted into the rose cell genome to study the cell’s response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Deletion analysis revealed that the 468 bp promoter fragment is sufficient to trigger reporter gene activity in response to light, sugars and gibberellins. This region confers sucrose- and fructose-, but not glucose-, responsive activation in the dark. Inversely, the –595 to –468 bp region that carries the sugar-repressive element (SRE) is required to down-regulate the RhVI1 promoter in response to sucrose and fructose in the dark. We also demonstrate that sugar/light and gibberellin/light act synergistically to up-regulate β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity sharply under the control of the 595 bp pRhVI1 region. These results reveal that the 127 bp promoter fragment located between –595 and –468 bp is critical for light and sugar and light and gibberellins to act synergistically