Aerated blast furnace slag filters for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal from small wastewater treatment plants

Rock filters (RF) are a promising alternative technology for natural wastewater treatment for upgrading WSP effluent. However, the application of RF in the removal of eutrophic nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, is very limited. Accordingly, the overall objective of this study was to develop a lowcost RF system for the purpose of enhanced nutrient removal from WSP effluents, which would be able to produce effluents which comply with the requirements of the EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) (911271lEEC) and suitable for small communities. Therefore, a combination system comprising a primary facultative pond and an aerated rock filter (ARF) system-either vertically or horizontally loaded-was investigated at the University of Leeds' experimental station at Esholt Wastewater Treatment Works, Bradford, UK. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and limestone were selected for use in the ARF system owing to their high potential for P removal and their low cost. This study involved three major qperiments: (1) a comparison of aerated vertical-flow and horizontal-flow limestone filters for nitrogen removal; (2) a comparison of aerated limestone + blast furnace slag (BFS) filter and aerated BFS filters for nitrogen and phosphorus removal; and (3) a comparison of vertical-flow and horizontal-flow BFS filters for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The vertical upward-flow ARF system was found to be superior to the horizontal-flow ARF system in terms of nitrogen removal, mostly thiough bacterial nitrification processes in both the aerated limestone and BFS filter studies. The BFS filter medium (whieh is low-cost) showed a much higher potential in removing phosphortls from pond effluent than the limestone medium. As a result, the combination of a vertical upward-flow ARF system and an economical and effective P-removal filter medium, such as BFS, was found to be an ideal optionfor the total nutrient removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. In parallel with these experiments, studies on the aerated BFS filter effective life and major in-filter phosphorus removal pathways were carried out. From the standard batch experiments of Pmax adsorption capacity of BFS, as well as six-month data collection of daily average P-removal, it was found that the effective life of the aerated BFS filter was 6.5 years. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometric analyses on the surface of BFS, particulates and sediment samples revealed that the apparent mechanisms of P-removal in the filter are adsorption on the amorphous oxide phase of the BFS surface and precipitation within the filter

The effect of aerated rock filter geometry on the rate of nitrogen removal from facultative pond effluents

Rock Filters are an established technology for polishing waste stabilization pond effluents.However, they rapidly become anoxic and consequently do not remove ammonium-nitrogen.Horizontal-flow aerated rock filters (HFARF), developed to permit nitrification and hence ammonium-N removal, were compared with a novel vertical-flow aerated rock filter (VFARF). There were no differences in the removals of BOD5, TSS and TKN, but the VFARF consistently produced effluents with lower ammonium-N concentrations (<0.3 mg N/L) than the HFARF (0.8−1.5 mg N/L)

LAPORAN INDIVIDU KEGIATAN PRAKTEK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) LEMBAGA PENGEMBANGAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan sebuah program yang telah direncanakan oleh Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang wajib diikuti oleh mahasiswa yang mengambil program kependidikan. Program PPL merupakan cara untuk menambah kompetensi mahasiswa dalam bidang pekerjaan yang nantinya akan digeluti. Program PPL yang dilaksanakan di dalam lingkungan lembaga kependidikan ini merupakan bentuk penerapan daripada yang telah didapatkan dibangku kuliah. PPL sendiri merupakan kegiatan praktek ilmu di bidang Teknologi Pendidikan. Sebelum pelaksanaaan kegiatan PPL, terlebih dahulu diadakan observasi ke LPMP DIY dan hasil dari observasi tersebut selanjutnya akan dijadikan pertimbangan dalam menentukanprogram kerja yang terdapat pada divisi/seksi yang ada di LPMP yang akan dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan (5 minggu). Dalam pelaksanaan PPL ini dapat memperoleh pengalaman yang dapat dijadikan bekal kelak ketika sudah benar-benar terjun di dunia kerja. Program kerja (proker) yang penyusun jalankan meliputi program kerja yang berasal dari Subbag Umum (SBU) yaitu Penataan Lab, Lomba &Perayaan 17 Agustus, Pembuatan Papan Plang dan Peringatan UU Keistimewaan Yogyakarta; dari Seksi Fasilitasi Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan (FPMP) yaitu Pengelolaan Database Diklat Kepsek Papua & Jateng; dari Seksi Pemetaan Mutu dan Supervisi (PMS) yaitu Posterisasi; dan dari Widyaiswara (WI) yang merupakan jabatan fungsional dari SI yaitu Workshop & Diklat Cakepsek Papua. Secara keseluruhan pelaksanaan dan analisis hasil pelaksanaan program kerja individu yang sudah penyusun jalankan di LPMP DIY telah mencapai target yang direncanakan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut memiliki kebermanfaatan bagi lembaga dan mahasiswa baik untuk menambah wawasan, keterampilan, dan keahlian

Framework for sustainable TVET-Teacher Education Program in Malaysia Public Universities

Studies had stated that less attention was given to the education aspect, such as teaching and learning in planning for improving the TVET system. Due to the 21st Century context, the current paradigm of teaching for the TVET educators also has been reported to be fatal and need to be shifted. All these disadvantages reported hindering the country from achieving the 5th strategy in the Strategic Plan for Vocational Education Transformation to transform TVET system as a whole. Therefore, this study aims to develop a framework for sustainable TVET Teacher Education program in Malaysia. This study had adopted an Exploratory Sequential Mix-Method design, which involves a semi-structured interview (phase one) and survey method (phase two). Nine experts had involved in phase one chosen by using Purposive Sampling Technique. As in phase two, 118 TVET-TE program lecturers were selected as the survey sample chosen through random sampling method. After data analysis in phase one (thematic analysis) and phase two (Principal Component Analysis), eight domains and 22 elements have been identified for the framework for sustainable TVET-TE program in Malaysia. This framework was identified to embed the elements of 21st Century Education, thus filling the gap in this research. The research findings also indicate that the developed framework was unidimensional and valid for the development and research regarding TVET-TE program in Malaysia. Lastly, it is in the hope that this research can be a guide for the nations in producing a quality TVET teacher in the future