Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Pooled analysis of who surgical safety checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods: In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results: Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89⋅6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60⋅6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0⋅17, 95 per cent c.i. 0⋅14 to 0⋅21, P < 0⋅001) or low (363 of 860, 42⋅2 percent; OR 0⋅08, 0⋅07 to 0⋅10, P < 0⋅001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference −9⋅4 (95 per cent c.i. −11⋅9 to −6⋅9) per cent; P < 0⋅001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+12⋅1 (+7⋅0 to +17⋅3) per cent; P < 0⋅001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0⋅60, 0⋅50 to 0⋅73; P < 0⋅001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low-and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion: Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries

Development of fluorizoline analogues as prohibitin ligands that modulate C-RAF signaling, p21 expression and melanogenesis

Fluorizoline is a cytotoxic trifluorothiazoline that targets the scaffold proteins prohibitins-1 and -2 (PHB1/2) to inhibit the kinase C-RAF and promote the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 to induce cancer cell death. In melanocytes, fluorizoline also induces the synthesis of melanin. Herein we report the first structural requirement of fluorizoline analogues for these activities. We identified in particular some compounds that display enhanced anti-C-RAF and anti-MEK activities, and a higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells compared to fluorizoline. These results provide a foundation for further optimization of PHB ligands for the treatment of cancers. We also discovered an analogue of fluorizoline that displays pharmacological effects opposed to those of fluorizoline and that can be used as a chemical tool to explore PHB signaling in cancers and other diseases

Fundamentos teórico metodológicos y procedimentales en investigación educativa

El presente libro es el producto del trabajo colegiado de la Red de Cuerpos Académicos en Investigación Educativa (RedCAIE), en el cual nos comprometimos a la edición de un documento orientado a la fundamentación de la investigación educativa en distintos escenarios y niveles; cuenta con la participación de académicos e investigadores de distintas instituciones. La estructura del libro se compone de tres apartados, que abordan en secuencia lógica la teoría, el método y el procedimiento como fundamentos de las investigaciones en diferentes ámbitos educativos. En el primer apartado, se plantean los Modelos teóricos en la investigación educativa, en el que se incluyen tres capítulos. El primero de ellos, es La investigación en educación superior, apuntes desde la filosofía zubiriana, de la autoría de Samuel López Olvera quien destaca que existe una gran brecha entre la investigación y prácticas educativas. Para su estudio, se desarrolló un planteamiento con sustento filosófico zubiriano. En el segundo capítulo, denominado Supuestos teórico-metodológicos para el análisis de la práctica docente de la geografía en el nivel medio superior, de Raúl González Pérez y Fernando Carreto Bernal, los investigadores, enfocados desde hace décadas en el tema de estudio, aportan un modelo teórico para explicar la realidad educativa en la enseñanza de la geografía, considerando el interaccionismo simbólico de los sujetos con su práctica docente en el marco de la Reforma Integral de la Educación Media Superior (RIEMS)