Monomer release from bulk-fill composite resins in different curing protocols

The purpose of this study was to determine the depth of cure and the type and amount of monomers released from bulk-fill composites in different curing protocols. Five different composite resins Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable, SureFil SDR, X-tra Fil, and X-tra base, were used. A light-emitting diode (LED) device was used in 3 different modes (standard, high power, and extra power mode), and a halogen light device was also used as a control. Surface hardness was measured and the depth of cure was calculated. Monomer analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analyzed using Tamhane's T2 post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The cure depth for all materials except for Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior (extra power mode) and Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable (high power and extra power modes) was over 80%. Under the conditions of this study, the amount of monomer released from composite resins changed according to the type of composite resin and the light mode used

Investigation of Antiulcer and Antioxidant Activity of Moclobemide in Rats

OBJECTIVE: Even though there are many drugs for the treatment of gastric ulcers, these drugs sometimes cannot succeed. Since the 1950s, antidepressant drugs have been used for several non-psychiatric indications. Many antidepressant drugs have been shown experimentally to produce antiulcer activity in various ulcer models. Moclobemide is an antidepressant drug which inhibits monoamine oxidase-A (MAO) enzyme selectively. When it is compared to the classic antidepressants drugs, moclobemide is the first choice in depression treatment because of its effectiveness and less side effects. This study aimed to investigate the antiulcer effects of moclobemide and to determine its relationship with antioxidant mechanisms in rat gastric tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antiulcer activities of 10, 20, 40, 80, 150 mg/kg moclobemide and 20 mg/kg famotidine have been investigated on indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats, and the results have been compared with that of the control group. RESULTS: Moclobemide decreased the indomethacin-induced ulcers significantly at all doses used. While used doses of moclobemide increased the glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, it decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in stomach tissue when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: It is determined that an antidepressant drug, moclobemide is a potent anti-ulcer agent. Inhibition of toxic oxidant radicals and activation of antioxidant mechanisms play a role in its anti-ulcer effect mechanisms

Moklobemidin Sıçanlarda Antiülser ve Antioksidan Aktivitesinin Araştırılması

Amaç: Peptik ülser tedavisinde kullanılan çok sayıda klasik antiülser ilaç grupları bulunsa da, bu ilaçlar ile ülserin kalıcı tedavisi sağlanamamaktadır. 1950'den beri antidepresan ilaçlar non - psikiyatrik bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadırlar. Birçok antidepresan ilacın antiülser aktiviteye sahip oldukları deneysel ve klinik çalışmalarla da gösterilmiştir. Moklobemid, monoaminooksidaz - A (MAO - A) enziminin selektif inhibitörü antidepresan bir ilaçtır. Klasik MAO inhibitörleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, etkinliğinin fazla olması ve yan etkilerinin az olması nedeni ile depresyon tedavisinde tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada sıçan mide dokusunda moklobemidin antiülser etkilerinin araştırılması ve oksidan mekanizmalarla ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 10, 20, 40, 80 ve 150 mg/kg dozlarında kullanılan moklobemid ve 20 mg/kg dozunda kullanılan famotidinin antiülser aktivitesi sıçanlarda indometazin ile indüklenen ülser modelinde incelenmiş ve sonuçlar kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Moklobemid kullanılan tüm dozlarda indometazin ülserlerinin oluşumunu anlamlı olarak azalttı. Moklobemid, kullanılan bu dozlarda sıçan mide dokusunda glutatyon (GSH), nitrik oksid (NO) seviyeleri ve süperoksid dismutaz (SOD) aktivitesini kontrol grubuna göre artırırken; malondialdehid (MDA) seviyesi ve myeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktivitesini ise azaltmıştır. Sonuç: Antidepresan bir ilaç olan moklobemidin, güçlü bir antiülser ajan olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Moklobemidin antiülser etki mekanizmasında toksik oksidan radikallerin baskılanması ve antioksidan mekanizmaların aktivasyonu rol oynamaktadır.Objective: Even though there are many drugs for the treatment of gastric ulcers, these drugs sometimes cannot succeed. Since the 1950s, antidepressant drugs have been used for several non-psychiatric indications. Many antidepressant drugs have been shown experimentally to produce antiulcer activity in various ulcer models. Moclobemide is an antidepressant drug which inhibits monoamine oxidase-A (MAO) enzyme selectively. When it is compared to the classic antidepressants drugs, moclobemide is the first choice in depression treatment because of its effectiveness and less side effects. This study aimed to investigate the antiulcer effects of moclobemide and to determine its relationship with antioxidant mechanisms in rat gastric tissue. Materials and Methods: The antiulcer activities of 10, 20, 40, 80, 150 mg/kg moclobemide and 20 mg/kg famotidine have been investigated on indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats, and the results have been compared with that of the control group. Results: Moclobemide decreased the indomethacin-induced ulcers significantly at all doses used. While used doses of moclobemide increased the glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, it decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in stomach tissue when compared to the control group.Conclusion: It is determined that an antidepressant drug, moclobemide is a potent anti-ulcer agent. Inhibition of toxic oxidant radicals and activation of antioxidant mechanisms play a role in its antiulcer effect mechanisms

Evaluation of Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Mechanisms in COPD, Lung Cancer, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Oxidative damage is a major contributing factor to carcinogenesis and obstructive disorders in lungs. Current evidence suggests that the inflammatory processes yield to oxidative mechanisms, which underlie COPD, lung cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative damage in these diseases by evaluating the oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers. METHODS: Malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, and coenzyme Q10 levels were evaluated in the blood samples of subjects with COPD, lung cancer, and OSAS by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: A total of 111 participants (35 females, 76 males) with OSAS (n = 29), COPD (n = 26), and lung cancer (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 28) were included in the study. The malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 levels were significantly higher in all 3 diseases when compared with controls (P < .01), whereas 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were only significantly higher than in healthy controls in subjects with lung cancer (P = .005). The highest levels of malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 were determined in subjects with OSAS and lung cancer, respectively. The highest 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were also observed in subjects with lung cancer, but the differences of this biomarker with other diagnoses were not statistically significant (P = .56). CONCLUSION: Oxidative damage was observed in all 3 diagnoses, and, as a response to oxidative stress, antioxidant mechanisms were also active in these diseases. Malondialdehyde and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine were found to be efficiently usable in the evaluation of oxidative damage in chronic respiratory diseases

The effect of PDE5 inhibitors on bone and oxidative damage in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis

The results in our study appear to establish the osteoporosis model and provide evidence of the positive effects of three separate PDE5 inhibitors (vardenafil, udenafil, and tadalafil). The positive effects of these PDE5 inhibitors are investigated and demonstrated by the bone mass density and bone resorption markers. These effects are associated with significant demonstrated antioxidant activities. Osteoporosis is a significant major public health problem especially in more aged populations. Advances in identifying and understanding new potential therapeutic modalities for this disease are significant. This study provides such an advance

Melatonin administration aids bone healing in diabetic rats

This randomized experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of melatonin on bone healing processes in diabetic rats with bone defects. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 64) were divided into diabetic and control groups. The diabetic group was administered with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg BW, (intraperi-toneally) I.P.), whereas the control group was administered with saline containing 6% ethanol intraperito-neally. Defects were created in the left tibias, and rats were then administered with either saline or melatonin (10 mg/kg BW, I.P.) for 21 or 42 days. Overall, the diabetic rats had significantly higher serum glucose concentrations than the control rats (462 vs. 118 mg/dl; P<0.0001). Melatonin administration increased serum glucose by 5% in the control groups and decreased it by 43% in the diabetic groups (P<0.0001). Serum melatonin concentrations in the control rats were lower than in the diabetic rats (666 vs. 745 pmol/L; P<0.006). Melatonin administration increased serum melatonin concentrations to a similar extent in both groups (by 15%). Diabetes was associated with pathologies (degranulation, vacuolization, degeneration, and necrosis) in pancreatic β cells and aggravated inflammation indicators (P<0.0001 for all). Melatonin administration considerably decreased the number of rats with pancreatic β cell pathologies (63%) and depressed inflammation indicators (from P<0.004 to P<0.0008). Melatonin administration increased osteogenesis indicators (collagen, cartilage, and osteocyte intensities) (2.0 vs. 1.0; P<0.04) and numerically decreased inflammation indicators (macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorph nuclear leukocyte) (1.0 vs. 2.0) at a greater extent in the diabetic rats than in the control rats. In conclusion, postoperative administration of melatonin supports bone healing in diabetic rats apparently through alleviating pancreatic cytopathology and hyperglycemia