Plastic material composition and separation in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

Electronic waste and plastics pollution are of concern and detriment to our environment if not properly dispose or recycled. The global approach in ensuring recyclability of these products/materials has been significant. To combat and reduce the amount electronic waste that ends up in landfill, an eco-friendly manufacturing process alternative are needed to ensure sustainability. This why is efficient sorting and recycling systems needs to be developed. Accurate sorting enhances the recycling system stream. NIR (Near infrared spectroscopy) is often utilized to identified and sort materials with high accuracy. In this thesis work, two types of electronic waste were sorted and separated (bromine free e-waste and brominated e-waste) by utilizing NIR technique. NIR was able to accurately identify 17 different types of material in both e-waste, which amount to 60 % of the material in the e-waste. The reminder were the unidentified plastics. A nondestructive analytical method SEM-EDS were used to perform the experiment to determine the presence of elements in the electronic waste samples. The result obtained from the experiment validates the literature review showing the estimate and proportion ratio for the most common plastics used in WEEE, namely, ABS, PC/ABS, PS, PP and PC. All of which has 22 %, 11 %, 10 %, 9 % and 4 % shared proportion respectively. The sample analyzed by scanning electron microscope - Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed consistent element concentration of carbon (C), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti) in both e-waste. Whilst the brominated e-waste shows constant present bromine (Br) and heavy metal element antimony (Sb) as second highest element

Racism Among Some Jewish Intellectuals

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Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas

Malignant gliomas are one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer and despite advancements in treatment, patient prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of 15 months. Treatment using conventional chemotherapy does not deliver the required drug dose to the tumour site, owing to insufficient blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration, especially by hydrophilic drugs. Additionally, low molecular weight drugs cannot achieve specific accumulation in cancerous tissues and are characterized by a short circulation half-life. Nanoparticles can be designed to cross the BBB and deliver their drugs within the brain, thus improving their effectiveness for treatment when compared to administration of the free drug. The efficacy of nanoparticles can be enhanced by surface PEGylation to allow more specificity towards tumour receptors. This review will provide an overview of the different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas, risk factors entailing them as well as the latest developments for brain drug delivery. It will also address the potential of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment of malignant gliomas, including the importance of their coating and functionalization on their ability to cross the BBB and the chemistry underlying that

Les Emprunts à l’arabe en Persan

Abstract We study in this paper a list of Persian words of Arabic origin. We will treat these loans as part of declarative phonology. This approach is a part of a grammar of unification or a grammar-based on constraints (only one level of representation). We can not pretend to explain the function of these loans from Arabic to Persian in its entirety. The value of some parameters in each of these languages, the specific constraints and the constraints of the phonological specific system allows us to explain a number of phenomena but not all.We study in this paper a list of Persian loan words from Arabic Language. We treat these loans in a declarative phonological view. This approach is a part of a grammar of unification or a grammar-based on constraints (only one level of representation). We can not pretend to explain the function of these loans from Arabic to Persian in its entirety. The value of some parameters in each of these languages, the specific constraints and the constraints of the phonological specific system allows us to explain a number of phenomena but not all

Human resource management practices and their ability to enhance job satisfaction through mediating role of fulfilling psychological contract: An analytical prospective study in a number of private banks: ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????

???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????  ?????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????  ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????  ???? (52) ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (SPSS. Vers.25). ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????  ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????.  ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????  ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????.The research aims to explore the extent to which private bank departments, the research sample, carry out human resource management practices and fulfill their obligations specified in the psychological contract towards workers and the impact of this on their job satisfaction, considering the fulfillment of the psychological contract as a mediating variable between those practices and job satisfaction, data was collected through a questionnaire for a sample (52) of the total workers in the research community, whose number is estimated at (180), data analyzed by statistical program (SPSS.V25) to describe the variables and test the research hypotheses, where mean, correlation and regression used for that, research reached a set of conclusions, including human resource management practices can be a good predictor of the extent to which the psychological contract is fulfilled, and that the latter is considered a variable with a total mediation between human resource management practices and job satisfaction. And some suggestions, including managing private bank mustmust clarify the employee's duties and expectations accurately, and what the organization will offer in return, during employment interviews. And it should not set expectations or make unrealistic promises and pledges that are difficult to fulfill and, when violated, may lead to dissatisfaction

Effect of maximal exercise on the electrophysiological evaluation of leg muscles in young healthy males

Background: Bicycling is a type of aerobic exercise that it is beneficial for the health of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems .In this study, utilization of some of electrophysiological tests is to assess changes , from the functional point of view, in the peripheral nerves & their muscles that occur in relation to maximal exercise. patients & methods: 100 young healthy males , age (18-35) years old, were collected during the period from 1st of April to 1st of October 2008 at the department of neurophysiology in the Ibn Sinna teaching hospital , Mosul city. They underwent electroneurographic assessment of common peroneal & tibial nerves, in addition to electromyographic assessment of Tibialis Anterior & Gastrocnemius muscles before & after exercise challenge test on bicycle ergometer. Results: In this study, there is a higher value regarding compound motor action potential amplitudes & motor conduction velocity of both nerves, with increase in the values of motor unit potential amplitudes & interference pattern of both muscles post exercise in comparison to the pre exercise. In addition, there is positive correlation between MUP amplitude of Gastrocnemius muscle & tibial nerve.  Conclusion : the results indicates that within this age group the exercise challenge test leads to increase in the force produced with no signs of muscular fatigue electrophysiologically

Ultrasound guided central line insertion in neonates: Pain score results from a prospective study

BACKGROUND: Central lines can be placed through different techniques, either peripherally or centrally. Although they have the same aim, decision to use one of these modalities depends on the patient outcomes. The aim is to compare pain scores between ultrasound-guided central line insertion and peripherally inserted catheter in neonates in a prospective randomized single center study. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in neonates requiring central venous access for any of the following reasons: total parenteral nutrition (TPN), antibiotics treatment for at least 7 days and having poor or difficult venous access. The study compared pain difference, in neonates, that were randomized between peripherally and ultra-sound guided centrally placed central lines using the validated pain score N-PASS. RESULTS: 61 neonates were enrolled in the study. US-guided CICC was associated with less pain as reported by the statistically significant lower pain score difference (p-value <0.001) than the standard PICC. Additionally, the US-guided CICC had a higher rate of successful first attempt (p = 0.012), lower overall number of attempts (p < 0.001), and shorter procedure duration (p < 0.001) as compared to standard PICC. CONCLUSION: US-guided CICC is a less painful technique than PICC line insertion associated with higher rate of successful first attempt, lower overall number of attempts and shorter procedure duration. © 2020-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved

Oxidative Stress Association with Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson Patients

Background: Parkinson’s disease may be caused by oxidative stress within cells due to defective nucleoli. Dopamine producing neurons are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. The researcher's present evidence showing defective nucleoli within dopamine producing neurons lead to oxidative stress and damage Objective: To assess antioxidant activity in Parkinson patients with autonomic dysfunction. Materials and Methods: samples were collected in Al Kadhimiya Teaching hospital and Baquba teaching hospital in a period lasts from 1st January to 1st November 2013. Antioxidant activity had been tested in 44 Parkinson patients with autonomic dysfunction, 23 Parkinson patients without autonomic dysfunction and 25 healthy matched controls; using (Antioxidant Capacity, Total BioAssay™ Kit ;US Biological company, Catalog No. A2298-43). Results: antioxidant activity showed a reduction in its level in Parkinson patients without autonomic dysfunction (0.75) with further reduction in Parkinson patient with autonomic dysfunction (0.37) compared with the control groups (1.2). Conclusion: Oxidative stress and antioxidants have a role in pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Both increase oxidative stress (direct) and a reduction in activity of the antioxidants (indirectly) cause loss of neuron and reinforcing damage mechanisms that play a role in autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson Disease

Patterns of Drug Utilization and Self-Medication Practices: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Self-medication (SM) is a growing phenomenon worldwide that has recently been classified as one of the most serious public health problems. SM can result in an incorrect self-diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, potential adverse reactions, interactions, and the masking of more sinister disease. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of SM practices amongst healthcare professionals and the general population in Saudi Arabia and to identify the sociodemographic contributing factors to this practice. Methods: A total of 540 participants were enrolled in this study. Participants were asked to complete the study questionnaire comprising two sections to gather demographic information and to collect data regarding SM practice. Results: The prevalence of SM practice among the study participants was 78.6%, and it was the highest among the middle age groups of (21–40 years) 82% compared to the younger and older age groups. The observed prevalence was higher in the female participants (53.7%) and those who live alone. Type of education did not affect the attitude of SM (p = 0.374); however, level of education strongly affected the prevalence of the SM, with higher incidence among university graduates (p < 0.001). Analgesics with antipyretics properties were the most self-medicated drugs. Patients considering their illnesses minor was the main reason behind the high prevalence of this practice. Among healthcare professions the highest prevalence of SM was found among pharmacists (95%), followed by physicians, nurses, and other medical practitioners. Conclusion: The general population should be better educated and made conscious about the consequences, risks, and side effects of SM. Awareness campaigns may prove to be useful in this matter, allowing the patient to consider the appropriateness of this practice. Individuals in the age group of 21–40 years, females, and those who live alone should be considered priority target populations in the design and implementation of SM awareness projects

Cardiovascular Autonomic Impairment in Parkinson Disease

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction and several non-motor features. Dysautonomia is a significant non-motor feature as well as a neuropsychiatric symptom. Objective: To assess cardiovascular autonomic function in Parkinson patients. Patients and Methods: Samples were collected from Al Kadhimiya teaching hospital and Baquba teaching hospital in a period lasts from 1st January to 1st November 2013.    Cardiovascular autonomic function had been tested in 44 Parkinson patients with autonomic dysfunction, 23 Parkinson patients without autonomic dysfunction and 25 healthy matched controls; using Valsalva maneuver, 30:15 ratio, and effect of posture on blood pressure. Results: The most frequent dysautonomic symptoms in parkinson disease were fainting and dizziness (postural hypotension) with a frequency of 26.8% with a P-value 0.015. The comparison between valsalva levels in three groups of study population was significant (P- value 0.04). The comparison between 30:15 ratio in three groups of study population was not significant statistically (P-value 0.344). Conclusion: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinson's disease. It may precede the development of the cardinal motor symptoms in PD, making cardiovascular dysfunction an attractive target for early detection and potential neuroprotective strategies for PD. Valsalva maneuver and effect of changes in posture on blood pressure are affecting tests in cardiovascular autonomic study