Copper impacts on grape berry cells: uptake and detoxification

Copper has been extensively used as the active principle of fungicides, since the late 1800s when the “Bordeaux mixture” was developed and its spectacular efficiency proved against fungal pathogens such as downy mildew, which is a large threat to winegrowers. Although initially it seemed to improve plant growth in unproductive lands, repeated use of copper-based fungicides has led to the accumulation of large concentrations of this metal ion in vineyard soils and raised concerns regarding phytotoxicity. As major targets for heavy metal stress, plants have developed a number of mechanisms to withstand the elevated metal levels. Such responses include exclusion, chelation and compartmentation of metal ions. Both the mitochondria and plastids are copper sinks, and the vacuole is believed to constitute a copper delivery pathway within the cell, and not just a sequestration compartment, due to the proximity of the tonoplast to the other organelles of the plant cell. In the present study, grape berry cells (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were used as a model system to study the effect of copper on cell growth and viability. In the concentration range of 0 (+ the copper chelator BCS) to 100 μM CuSO4 growth was virtually unaffected. However, concentrations from 100 to 500 μM caused a sharp decrease in cell growth. The viability of grown cells decreased with the increase in copper concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Studies with the copper-sensitive fluorescent probe PhenGreen™ SK allowed for the identification of copper sinks in grape berry cells. Furthermore, transport studies were performed in isolated intact protoplasts loaded with this probe. The initial velocities of fluorescence quenching upon addition of copper followed a Michaelis-Menten kinetics, suggesting the involvement of mediated transport with a Km= 0.7 mM. Isolated vacuoles labeled with the pH-dependent fluorescent dye ACMA were used to study copper compartmentation as a mean of metal tolerance. Results showed that CuCl2 dissipates a pre-established pH gradient across the tonoplast suggesting the involvement of a Cu2+/H+ antiport system. Eight putative VvCTr (Vitis vinifera Copper Transporter) genes were identified, among which VvCTr1 was isolated and cloned and its expression is currently being studied.VM is supported by a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/64587/2009). This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (research project no. PTDC/AGRALI/100636/2008)

Using the Pair Check to Improve the Ability to Determine the Structure of Exposition Texta of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri Wajo

This research aims to improve the ability of class VIII students at MTs Pesantren Mizanul 'Ulum Sanrobone in learning to determine the structure of exposition text using the pair checks model, totaling 14 students. Data collection was carried out using test techniques. The money data obtained was analyzed using descriptive methods. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. Which aims to describe the increase in the ability to determine the structure of exposition text using the pair checks model. Researchers only focused on class I with 14 students. The learning outcome for determining the structure of exposition text in cycle I was 65 and the student learning outcome for cycle II was 87.14. Based on the research results , it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of determining the structure of exposition text for class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Wajo can be improved by using the pair check mode

Trend Postingan Selebrasi sebagai Bentuk Eksistensi Diri Generasi Muda di Sosial Media Instagram

This paper discusses how celebration posts are made as a form of self-existence by the younger generation, especially on the Instagram platform. The young generation in question is users aged 18-30 years, where the need for recognition and acceptance is still substantial. They are also undergoing many phases of change from adolescence to adulthood. While the celebration moments referred to in this paper include birthdays, graduations, and weddings. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach—data obtained by interview, observation and documentation techniques. The research findings were analysed with the social construction theory of reality. The research findings show that there are many celebrations celebrated by young people as a form of self-existence, where each celebration has different distinctive attributes. Celebration posts as a form of self-existence are not only done by people who are celebrating the event but also by friends and relatives who congratulate them. The state of posting is also done more in the Instagram story feature. The value of self-existence and the form of recognition to be achieved include showing love, attracting attention, showing stability, showing contemporary values, and showing popularit

Pendidikan Media Literacy pada Siswa/siswi SMPN 10 Padang

Dewasa ini, internet telah tumbuh menjadi sedemikian besar dan berdaya sebagai alat informasi dan komunikasi yang tak dapat diabaikan. Penggunanya kini mencakup berbagai kalangan. Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan cyber media sudah selayaknya diimbangi dengan kemampuan melek bermedia masyarakat, termasuk anak-anak yang merupakan konsumen aktif dunia maya. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilatar belakangi oleh masih kurangnya kemampuan melek media internet pada masyarakat di Sumatera Barat terutama bagi siswa siswi SMP yang saat ini rata-rata sudah sangat aktif mengkonsumsi media sosial dengan tujuan memberikan edukasi untuk bisa bijaksana dalam menggunakan internet. Sasaran utama dalam kegiatan ini adalah siswa-siswi SMPN 10 Padang dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 30 orang. Metode kegiatan dilakukan secara sistematis yaitu dengan berupa presentasi, diskusi kelompok, tanya jawab dan evaluasi dalam bentuk kuis/games. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di SMPN 10 Padang ini telah berjalan dengan lancar dan sesuai dengan rencana yang ditetapkan. Hasil kegiatan ini pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak peserta kegiatan mulai memahami bahwa bahaya internet tidak hanya sebatas bahaya fisik tetapi juga sampai pada bahaya keamanan psikologis dan bahkan hukum, sehingga mereka berjanji untuk lebih bijak menggunakan internet ke depannya. Artinya, peserta sudah berhasil memahami apa itu literasi media dan bagaimana cara menggunakan media dengan lebih bijak. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Literasi media, Ana

Use of the Discovery Learning Model on Description Text reading Skills fo Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Sungguminasa in Gowa District

This research aims to test the truth about the influence on the application of the Discovery Learning model in learning to read descriptive text in Class VII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency.The type of research is experimental research of the True Experiment type . The population in this research was Class VII students of SMP Negeri 2 Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency with a total of 42 people. Because the population studied was less than 100 students, in this study a total sample was used . This means that the entire population was sampled in this study, namely 42 samples. The sample in the study was grouped into two groups, namely 21 students in class VII.A as the control group/class and 21 students in class VII.B as the experimental group/class l. To obtain accurate data in this research, questions were used as research instruments. The data that has been collected is analyzed using descriptive techniques to describe the characteristics of the score distribution from the results of the control class and experimental class and inferential analysis techniques (experiments) using the t test analysis type to test the hypothesis. The calculation results are significant between the descriptive text reading skills of class VII students who use the Discoveri Learning model and students who do not use the Discoveri Learning model . This significant difference was proven based on the results of the t-test carried out on the posttest scores of the control and experimental groups with SPSS 20.0. The t-test results of the posttest scores for learning to read descriptive text for the control and experimental groups showed that tcount was 76.66 which was greater than ttable which was 51.42 with db 40.     Keywords: Reading descriptive text, Experimen

Isolation and molecular characterization of ERF1, an ethylene response factor gene from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), potentially involved in salt-stress responses

As food crop, wheat is of prime importance for human society. Nevertheless, our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling wheat productivity conditions has been, so far, hampered by the lack of sufficient genomic resources. The present work describes the isolation and characterization of TdERF1, an ERF gene from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). The structural features of TdERF1 supported the hypothesis that it is a novel member of the ERF family in durum wheat and, considering its close similarity to TaERF1 of Triticum aestivum, it probably plays a similar role in mediating responses to environmental stresses. TdERF1 displayed an expression pattern that discriminated between two durum wheat genotypes contrasted with regard to salt-stress tolerance. The high number of cis-regulatory elements related to stress responses present in the TdERF1 promoter and the ability of TdERF1 to regulate the transcription of ethylene and drought-responsive promoters clearly indicated its potential role in mediating plant responses to a wide variety of environmental constrains. TdERF1 was also regulated by abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin, and salicylic acid, suggesting that it may be at the crossroads of multiple hormone signalling pathways. Four TdERF1 allelic variants have been identified in durum wheat genome, all shown to be transcriptionally active. Interestingly, the expression of one allelic form is specific to the tolerant genotype, further supporting the hypothesis that this gene is probably associated with the susceptibility/tolerance mechanism to salt stress. In this regard, the TdERF1 gene may provide a discriminating marker between tolerant and sensitive wheat varieties

Improving Ability to Write Complex Procedure Text Using Process Approach for Students of SMK Negeri 2 Bungoro

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of learning to write complex procedural texts using a process approach for students of SMK Negeri 2 Bungoro and to describe the improvement in learning to write complex procedure texts using a process approach for students of SMK Negeri 2 Bungoro. The process approach is a learning method that is still not used in the process of learning to write complex procedure texts. The purpose of this research is to describe how learning to write complex procedure texts is increased by using a process approach.   This type of research is class action research which consists of two cycles, each cycle being held in two meetings. Research procedures include planning, implementation, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects in this study were 32 students of SMK Negeri 2 Bongoro. The method in this study used a qualitative research method in the form of PTK with observation, interview and documentation methods. The results showed that in the first cycle that was completed individually, namely 14 people (34.75%) out of 32 students who met the KKM completeness criteria, the average classical learning outcome was 63.19. Whereas in the second cycle there was an increase of 28 people (87.5%) out of 32 students fulfilling the KKM classical average learning outcomes of 80.56. Based on the results of this study, learning to write complex procedure texts using a process approach for students of class XI TKR 1 SMK Negeri 2 Bungoro has increased.   Keyword: Writing, Complex Procedure Text, Process Approac

Lambego Language Phonological Interference in Usage Indonesian Language for Students of SMPN 3 Pasimarannu Lambego Village, Pasimarannu District Selayar District

The main problem in this study is the influence of the first and second languages into Indonesian on the denotation of phonemes and consonants. This study aims to determine the form of Lambego language interference, especially in the field of phonology in the use of Indonesian.This research is a descriptive research, this population is all students of class VII, VIII, IX SMPN 3 Pasimarannu. Total population of 58 people. Considering that the population is not too large, this research is a total sample. The data and data sources referred to in this study are phrases and sentences contained in the pronunciation of the Lambego language which have interference with the use of Indonesian, causing these vowel and consonant sounds. Data collection techniques use instruments in collecting research data in the form of verbal and nonverbal. The results of this study indicate that there is interference from Lambego language into Indonesian on verbal and nonverbal, with several groups of phonological changes namely: (1) reduction of consonant symbolism /?/ or also called interference reduction of consonant phoneme /k/, (2) reduction of phoneme symbolism / g/, (3) reduction of the denotation of the phoneme /n/, (4) reduction of the denotation of the phoneme /l/ and phoneme /h/, (5) replacement of the denotation of the phoneme /i/ to the phoneme /y/, (6) replacement of the denotation of the phoneme / é/ becomes the phoneme /o/, (7) replaces the symbol for phoneme /u/ to phoneme /o/, (8) replaces the symbol for phoneme /q/ to phoneme /k/ , (9) replaces the symbol for phoneme /z/ to /j /, (10) changing the symbol of phoneme /f/ to phoneme /p/, (11) changing the symbol of phoneme /b/ to phoneme /p/, (12) changing the symbol of phoneme /v/ to phoneme /b/

KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS NARASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 5 TAKALAR

This study aims to improve the ability of 18 students of class VII SMPN 5 Takalar in learning to write narrative texts with a problem-based learning model in the 2023/2024 academic year. Data collection was carried out using test techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive methods by classifying very high scores, high scores, medium scores and low scores. This type of research is classroom action research consisting of two cycles, namely cycle I with 3 meetings and cycle II with 3 meetings. The researcher only focused on 1 class with a total of 18 students. The learning outcomes of writing narrative texts in cycle I were 59.5 and the learning outcomes of cycle II were 83.8. In cycle I, the category of students who completed were 3 students with a percentage of 16.6%, the category of students who did not complete were 15 students with a percentage of 83.4%. In cycle II, the category of students who completed was 15 students with a percentage of 83.3%, the category of not completing was 3 students with a percentage of 16.6%, meaning that there was an increase of 83.8%. Based on the results of the study above, it can be concluded that the learning outcomes of writing narrative texts of class VII students of SMPN 5 Takalar can be increased by using a problem-based learning model

TRANSFORMASI PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM SERIAL FILM-FILM ANIMASI DISNEY PRINCESS

Film Animasi Disney Princes memberikan representasi ideal akan peran perempuan yang unik dan menarik. Peran perempuan pada Disney Princess ini mengalami transformasi dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretif. Paradigma konstruktivisme digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana realitas yang ada bukanlah realitas yang natural melainkan hasil konstruksi sosial, dan film menjadi salah satu wadah yang representatif dalam menyajikan peran perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis wacana Sara Mills. Model tersebut menitikberatkan pada wacana mengenai gender dan feminisme yang merupakan fokus dari penelitian ini melihat melalui posisi subyek-obyek dan posisi penulis-pembaca. Sehingga memberikan gambaran yang lebih luas terkait konstruksi realitas peran perempuan serta representasi yang dibangun di dalam film-film animasi Disney Princess ini