Tapping the potential of the unbanked - private sector interest increases

Financial literacy ; Nonbank activities

Broadening Student Perspectives On Marketing Research Ethics: Development And Applications Of A Teaching Module

This paper describes an ethics module developed by the author to engage marketing research students during the fall semester, when they are bombarded by political polls. The module matches ethically questionable polling practices to similarly troubling practices in marketing research. The goals are to show that ethical principles are not topic- or context-bound and to broaden students’ perspectives on ethics, in general

The Quest for Equality

This Article tracks the varying meanings of the word equality throughout American history

Why Political Contributions Are A Business Issue: State Campaign Finance Reform And The Bottom Line

While electoral finance reform has finally taken hold at the national level -- due partly to pressure from the corporate community -- this paper argues that reform at the state level is equally critical to business. The current system is costly both in dollars and in the perception of corruption, but is amenable to change

Cleaning Up Dirty Politics: A Social Marketing Perspective on New Jersey\u27s Clean Elections Program

This paper reviews the outcome of a state electoral reform initiative in terms of the four-stage behavior change process used by social marketers to gauge the effectiveness of their techniques. While the Clean Elections initiative was moderately successful in its Action and Contemplation stages, the author argues that realization of its full potential could be significantly hastened by utilizing the social marketing tools of segmentation, communications research and pretesting

Revising the Conceptual Foundations of Attitude Formation in the E-Marketing Era

Abstract – This paper revisits four seminal models of how marketing influences attitudes: mood mediation, cognitive response generation, situational parameters, and task mediation. Extensions of each model, as well as a new summary model, are proposed based on research into online consumer behavior. The author integrates the models along various dimensions which are relevant to particular e-marketing issues, and identifies certain challenges to attitude formation research in this setting

Three-dimensional elastic constitutive relations of aligned carbon nanotube architectures

Tailorable anisotropic intrinsic and scale-dependent properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them attractive elements in next-generation advanced materials. However, in order to model and predict the behavior of CNTs in macroscopic architectures, mechanical constitutive relations must be evaluated. This study presents the full stiffness tensor for aligned CNT-reinforced polymers as a function of the CNT packing (up to ∼20 vol. %), revealing noticeable anisotropy. Finite element models reveal that the usually neglected CNT waviness dictates the degree of anisotropy and packing dependence of the mechanical behavior, rather than any of the usually cited aggregation or polymer interphase mechanisms. Combined with extensive morphology characterization, this work enables the evaluation of structure-property relations for such materials, enabling design of aligned CNT material architectures.NECST ConsortiumUnited States. Army Research Office (Contract No. W911NF- 07-D-0004)United States. Army Research Office (Contract No. W911NF-13-D-0001)United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship Grant No. NNX11AN79H)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant No. CMMI-1130437

Breast feeding and intergenerational social mobility: what are the mechanisms?

Objective To investigate the association between breast feeding and intergenerational social mobility and the possible mediating role of neurological and stress mechanisms. Design Secondary analysis of data from the 1958 and the 1970 British Cohort Studies. Setting Longitudinal study of individuals born in Britain during 1 week in 1958 and 1970. Participants 17 419 individuals participated in the 1958 cohort and 16 771 in the 1970 cohort. The effect of breast feeding on intergenerational social mobility from age 10/11 to age 33/34 was analysed after multiple imputations to fill in missing data and propensity score matching on a wide range of confounders measured in childhood (1958 cohort N=16 039-16 154; 1970 cohort N=16 255-16 361). Main outcome measures Own Registrar General's Social Class (RGSC) at 33/34 years adjusted for father's RGSC at 10/11 years, gender and their interaction. Results Breastfed individuals were more likely to be upwardly mobile (1958 cohort: OR 1.24 95% CI 1.12 to 1.38; 1970 cohort: OR 1.24 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37) and less likely to be downwardly mobile (1958 cohort: OR 0.81 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90; 1970 cohort: OR 0.79 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88). In an ordinal regression model, markers of neurological development (cognitive test scores) and stress (emotional stress scores) accounted for approximately 36% of the relationship between breast feeding and social mobility. Conclusions Breast feeding increased the odds of upward social mobility and decreased the odds of downward mobility. Consistent with a causal explanation, the findings were robust to matching on a large number of observable variables and effect sizes were alike for two cohorts with different social distributions of breast feeding. The effect was mediated in part through neurological and stress mechanisms

Variation in Morphological traits of the modern human dentition : assessing the affinities of the Boring collection at the San Diego Museum of Man

The dentitions of76 skulls from the Boring Collection at the San Diego Museum of Man were examined for twelve morphological crown traits. According to the accession records, the Boring Collection originated from India. Using the twelve traits observed, frequencies for the Boring Collection were calculated and then compared to frequencies of various worldwide samples, in particular Scott and Turner (1997) and Hawkey (1998) in order to determine if the Boring Collection indeed originated from India. Non-statistical comparisons were made with samples recorded prior to the inception of the ASUDAS and then statistical analyses were conducted with samples utilizing this standardized system. Statistics used here include chi-square analysis multidimensional scaling and k-means cluster analysis. The results demonstrate that the Boring Collection does have affinities to India, in particular South India, but that it also shows strong affinities to some samples from New Guinea, Melanesia, North Africa and Northern Europe. These results suggest that the classification system of Scott and Turner (1997) has much validity to it. The short distances obtained for New Guinea, Western Eurasian and Indian samples, provide evidence supporting Scott and Turner's (1997) theory that archaic populations of Homo sapiens were characterized by a proto-Sundadont dentition and that diversification over the past several millennia gave rise to the modem variations seen in humans today. These results also indicate that the methods employed in prior research using morphological traits of the teeth to assess population affinities can be successfully used to determine the regional origins of unknown samples of humans.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-110)California State University, Northridge. Department of Anthropology