An Arkansas Private

On the outskirts of a demolished Ger- I man town huddled in a machine gun emplacement were two American soldiers. The tall, lean but rugged private lay slovenly in the mud and snow. His beard of three weeks coated with a thin layer of ice was all that showed as the sergeant bellowed his command to clean the machine gun. Every inch of his six foot four-inch brawn and muscle turned slowly as he opened one eye and drawled, O.K., Sarge, but this is one hell of a time to get ideas like that. He brushed the fallen snow from his face with the frozen glove that enclosed his right hand. Well, Sarge, he said, You know this place reminds me of back home in Arkansas

The Legality of Picketing

The authors attempt, by means of « jurisprudence » to determine the conditions and circumstances which render picketing legal or illegal. Within this context, picketing will be examined from the point of view of object, form and occasion. In addition, the sanction of picketing will be presented, followed by a critique of the subject

Enhancement of encoding and retrieval functions through theta phase-specific manipulation of hippocampus

Assessing the behavioral relevance of the hippocampal theta rhythm has proven difficult, due to a shortage of experiments that selectively manipulate phase-specific information processing. Using closed-loop stimulation, we triggered inhibition of dorsal CA1 at specific phases of the endogenous theta rhythm in freely behaving mice. This intervention enhanced performance on a spatial navigation task that requires the encoding and retrieval of information related to reward location on every trial. In agreement with prior models of hippocampal function, the behavioral effects depended on both the phase of theta and the task segment at which we stimulated. Stimulation in the encoding segment enhanced performance when inhibition was triggered by the peak of theta. Conversely, stimulation in the retrieval segment enhanced performance when inhibition was triggered by the trough of theta. These results suggest that processes related to the encoding and retrieval of task-relevant information are preferentially active at distinct phases of theta

SPENCER, HENRY RUSSELL. Government and Politics of Italy. Government Hand books edited by David P. Barrows and Thomas H. Reed. Pp. xii, 307. Yonk ers-on-Hudson, N. Y. World Book Company, 1932

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68146/2/10.1177_000271623316900130.pd

WILLEY, MALCOLM M., and STUART A. RICE. Communication Agencies and Social Life. Pp. xv, 299. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1933. $2.50

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68053/2/10.1177_000271623417100169.pd

Circulations

In Circulations, Courtney Handman examines the surprising continuities in modernist communication discourses that shaped both colonial and decolonial projects in Papua New Guinea. Often described as a place with too many mountains and too many languages to be modern, Papua New Guinea was seen as a space of circulatory primitivity—where people, things, and talk could not move. Colonial missionaries and administrators, and even anticolonial delegations to the United Nations that spearheaded demands for Papua New Guinea’s independence in the 1950s, argued that this circulatory primitivity would only be overcome through the management of communications infrastructures, bureaucratic information flows, and the introduction of English. Innovatively bringing together analyses of communications infrastructures such as radios, airplanes, telepathy, bureaucracy, and lingua francas, Circulations argues for the critical role of communicative networks and communicative imaginaries in political processes of colonialism and decolonization worldwide. “An intellectually exhilarating book with a wry sense of humor.” — ILANA GERSHON, Herbert S. Autrey Professor of Anthropology, Rice University “Handman’s breadth of imagination and depth of insight make for fascinating reading.” — WEBB KEANE, author of Christian Moderns: Freedom and Fetish in the Mission Encounter “This is an extremely thoughtful—and thought-provoking—book.” — BAMBI SCHIEFFELIN, Professor Emerita of Anthropology, New York University “A must-read for scholars of culture, language, empire, and decoloniality.” — MATT TOMLINSON, author of God Is Samoan: Dialogues between Culture and Theology in the Pacifi

Cloning and Expression of Major Surface Antigen 1 Gene of Toxoplasma gondii RH Strain Using the Expression Vector pVAX1 in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic protozoan infection with a high prevalence in a broad range of hosts infecting up to onethird of the world human population. Toxoplasmosis leads to serious medical problems in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses and also induces abortion and mortality in domestic animals. Therefore, there is a huge demand for the development of an effective vaccine. Surface Antigen 1 (SAG1) is one of the important immunodominant surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii, which interacts with host cells and primarily involved in adhesion, invasion and stimulation of host immune response. Surface antigen 1 is considered as the leading candidate for development of an effective vaccine against toxoplasmosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clone the major surface antigen1 gene (SAG1) from the genotype 1 of T. gondii, RH strain into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 in order to use for a DNA vaccine. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from tachyzoite of the parasite using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. After designing the specific primers, SAG1 gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The purified PCR products were then cloned into a pPrime plasmid vector. The aforementioned product was subcloned into the pVAX1 eukaryotic expression vector. The recombinant pVAX1-SAG1 was then transfected into Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and expression of SAG1 antigen was evaluated using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and Western Blotting (WB). Results: The cloning and subcloning products (pPrime-SAG1 and pVAX1-SAG1 plasmid vectors) of SAG1 gene were verified and confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing. A 30 kDa recombinant protein was expressed in CHO cells as shown by IFA and WB methods. Conclusions: The pVAX1 expression vector and CHO cells are a suitable system for high-level recombinant protein production for SAG1 gene from T. gondii parasites and are promising approaches for antigen preparation in vaccine development

From submission to dependence: Women's status in a pelion village

Pouri est un village du Pélion resté longtemps à l'écart de la ville et dela région. Fondé vers le milieu du XV11le siècle, il a connu l'histoireheurtée des villages accueillant des migrations successives. Lestransformations qu'il a subies (passage du métayage ou du salariat defabrique au faire-valoir direct, mécanisation des travaux agraires) sesont toujours faits aux dépens des femmes. Leur situation d'in­fériorité ne leur permet pas de tirer un profit immédiat des progrès économiques et techniques: elles en paient au contraire le coût soitpar un surcroît de travail (1920 1955), soit par un isolement renforcé( 1960-19701, soit aujourd'hui par la distorsion entre leurs aspirations(mener la vie des femmes des villes au foyer) et leur existencevillageoise faite d'ennui et de désillusions. Car si la mécanisation les alibérées de ce quelles appellent l’«esclavage», c'est à dire de la chargequasi insupportable de travail, elle ne leur a en rien offert les moyens de devenir autonomes, maîtresses d'elles-mêmes. Elles ne souhaitentd'ailleurs pas le devenir tant elles ont intériorisé leur dépendancequ'elles considèrent comme une nécessité naturelle.Pouri is a Pelion village which long remained remote. Established inthe middleof the 18th century, its history is that discontinuous one ofthose villages which receive successive migratory waves.The changesit has undergone (transition from share-croping or factory wage­earning systems to agricultural self-employment; mechanization ofcertain farm-work) have always taken place at the expense of women.Their inferior position has not allowed them to benefit immediatelyfrom the economic and technical improvements; on the contrary,they pay the cost of it. either in extra work (1920-1955), or in increas­ed isolation ( 1960-1970).'or to-day in a discrepancy between theiraspirations (to live like urban housewives) and their village lifecharacterized by boredom and disillusionment. For, if mechanizationliberated them from what they call «slavery», i.e. an almostunbearable load of work, it did not give them the means of becoming autonomous and self-reliant. Moreover, they do not wish to become independent: they have interiorized their dependence so much thatthey consider it as a natural necessity