A simple technique for improving multi-class classification with neural networks

We present a novel method to perform multi-class pattern classification with neural networks and test it on a challenging 3D hand gesture recognition problem. Our method consists of a standard one-against-all (OAA) classification, followed by another network layer classifying the resulting class scores, possibly augmented by the original raw input vector. This allows the network to disambiguate hard-to-separate classes as the distribution of class scores carries considerable information as well, and is in fact often used for assessing the confidence of a decision. We show that by this approach we are able to significantly boost our results, overall as well as for particular difficult cases, on the hard 10-class gesture classification task.Comment: European Symposium on artificial neural networks (ESANN), Jun 2015, Bruges, Belgiu

A pragmatic approach to multi-class classification

We present a novel hierarchical approach to multi-class classification which is generic in that it can be applied to different classification models (e.g., support vector machines, perceptrons), and makes no explicit assumptions about the probabilistic structure of the problem as it is usually done in multi-class classification. By adding a cascade of additional classifiers, each of which receives the previous classifier's output in addition to regular input data, the approach harnesses unused information that manifests itself in the form of, e.g., correlations between predicted classes. Using multilayer perceptrons as a classification model, we demonstrate the validity of this approach by testing it on a complex ten-class 3D gesture recognition task.Comment: European Symposium on artificial neural networks (ESANN), Apr 2015, Bruges, Belgium. 201

Multi-resolution image analysis for vehicle detection

Proceeding of: Second Iberian Conference, IbPRIA 2005, Estoril, Portugal, June 7-9, 2005Computer Vision can provide a great deal of assistance to Intelligent Vehicles. In this paper an Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for Vehicle Detection is presented. A geometric model of the vehicle is defined where its energy function includes information of the shape and symmetry of the vehicle and the shadow it produces. A genetic algorithm finds the optimum parameter values. As the algorithm receives information from a road detection module some geometric restrictions can be applied. A multi-resolution approach is used to speed up the algorithm and work in realtime. Examples of real images are shown to validate the algorithm.Publicad

Die Reaktionen von Arabidopsis thaliana auf ein nekroseinduzierendes Protein aus Phytophthora sojae (PsojNip)

Proteine der Necrosis- and ethylene-inducing protein-like Familie (NLPs) existieren in verschiedenen Phytopathogenen und sind charakterisiert durch ihre Fähigkeit zur Zelltodinduktion sowie der Aktivierung von Abwehrreaktionen in Dikotyledonen. Zu dieser Familie zählt PsojNip, ein Virulenzfaktor aus Phytophthora sojae. Eine Infiltration von Arabidopsis thaliana mit diesem Protein führt zu schnellem Zelltod und Anstieg der Ethylen-Konzentration. Über weitere aktivierte Signalwege sowie deren Zusammenhänge ist bisher nur wenig bekannt (Qutob et al., 2002; Qutob et al., 2006). Die Reaktionen von A. thaliana auf PsojNip zu analysieren und einen möglichen Wirkmechanismus aufzuzeigen, war das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit. Dazu wurden Wiltyppflanzen sowie Mutanten der Pathogenabwehr mit PsojNip infiltriert. Verglichen wurden die Reaktionen mit denen auf den gut charakterisierten NLP-Vertreter PaNie sowie den Peptidelizitor flg22. Frühe Reaktionen der Pathogenabwehr werden durch die beiden NLPs sowie flg22 in ähnlicher Weise induziert. Deutliche Unterschiede wurden bei der Akkumulation von Hormonen und Camalexin sowie bei der Zelltodinduktion beobachtet. Flg22 induziert einen durch RAR1 und SGT1b inhibierten Anstieg der Salicylsäurekonzentration. Die Infiltration mit PsojNip und PaNie führt dagegen zur Erhöhung der Jasmonat- und Camalexinkonzentrationen sowie zu schnellem Zelltod. Es ist anzunehmen, dass PsojNip und PaNie die Zellen in kurzer Zeit zerstören, wodurch endogene Moleküle freigesetzt werden, die als sogenannte Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in benachbarten Zellen Abwehrreaktionen induzieren.von Franziska Handman

Anthropologie sociale de l’Europe du Sud

Marie-Élisabeth Handmann, maître de conférences Compte rendu non communiqué

3. Wochenbericht M159

M159 (29.10. – 20.11.2019) 3. Wochenbericht vom 17. November 201

Trace Metal Chemistry in the Water Column of the Angola Basin - A Contribution to the International GEOTRACES Program - Cruise No. M121, November 22, – December 27, 2015, Walvis Bay (Namibia) – Walvis Bay (Namibia)

Meteor Cruise M121 was dedicated to the investigation of the distribution of dissolved and particulate trace metals and their isotopic compositions (TEIs) in the full water column of the Angola Basin and the northernmost Cape Basin. A key aim was to determine the driving factors for the observed distributions, which includes the main external inputs, as well as internal cycling and ocean circulation. The research program of the cruise is official part of the international GEOTRACES program (www.geotraces.org) and cruise M121 corresponds to GEOTRACES cruise GA11. Subject of the cruise was the trace metal clean and contamination-free sampling of waters and particulates for subsequent analyses of the TEIs in the home laboratories of the national and international participants. Besides a standard rosette for the less contaminant prone metals, trace metal clean sampling was realized by using for the first time a new dedicated, coated trace metal clean rosette equipped with Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles operated via a plastic coated cable from a mobile winch of GEOMAR Kiel. The particulate samples were collected under trace metal clean conditions using established in-situ pump systems operated from Meteor’s Aramid line. The cruise track led from Walvis Bay northwards along the West African margin until 3°S, then turned west until the Zero Meridian, which was followed southwards until 30°S. Then the cruise track turned east again until the Namibian margin was reached and then completed the near shore track northwards until Walvis Bay. The track crossed areas of major external inputs including dust from the Namib Desert and exchange with the west African continental margin and with the oxygen depleted shelf sediments of the Benguela upwelling, as well as with the plume of the Congo outflow, that was followed from its mouth northwards. Our investigations of internal cycling included the extremely high productivity associated with the Benguela Upwelling and the elevated productivity of the Congo plume contrasting with the extremely oligotrophic waters of the southeastern Atlantic Gyre. The links between TEI biogeochemistry and the nitrogen cycle forms an important aspect of our study. The major water masses contributing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation were sampled in order to investigate if particular TEI signatures are suitable as water mass tracers, in particular near the ocean margin and in the restricted deep Angola Basin. A total of 51 full water column stations were sampled for the different dissolved TEIs, which were in most cases accompanied by sampling for particulates and radium isotopes using the in-situ pumps. In addition, surface waters were continuously sampled under trace metal clean conditions using a towed fish and aerosol and rain samples were continuously collected

2. Wochenbericht M159

M159 (29.10. – 20.11.2019) 2. Wochenbericht vom 10. November 201